This document discusses the differences between fruits and vegetables. Botanically, fruits develop from the reproductive organs of plants and contain seeds, while vegetables are non-reproductive, vegetative plant parts like stems, leaves, roots, and buds. Culinary definitions are more flexible, with some vegetables considered fruits and vice versa. The document then covers pollination, fertilization, and the different types of fruits like simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory fruits. It also identifies common plant parts found in fruits and vegetables.
This document discusses important concepts for preparing solutions in biotechnology. It defines key terms like solute, solvent, concentration, and solution. It explains different units for expressing concentration, such as weight/volume percent, molarity, and normality. Examples are provided for calculating amounts of solute needed to make solutions of a given concentration and volume. Equations are presented for diluting stock solutions to prepare solutions of lower concentration. Serial dilutions are also introduced as a method to make a series of progressively more dilute solutions from a concentrated stock.
Biology unit 4 cell division exam everything you need to knowrozeka01
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The document provides an overview of cell division, mitosis, meiosis, types of reproduction, and cancer. It describes the cell cycle phases, what happens in each phase of mitosis and meiosis, how genetic information is handled, and the goals of checkpoints. It contrasts sexual reproduction, which produces genetically diverse offspring, with asexual reproduction, where offspring are identical clones. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth caused when errors allow cells to bypass checkpoints.
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera , are a basal Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of the Diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. The branch of zoology that studies sponges is known as spongiology.
this section helps students how to prepare solution for each laboratory activities. specially life life science fields such as biotechnology, biology, chemistry and medical laboratory
Diploma_I_Applied science(chemistry)_U-II(A) Preparation of solution Rai University
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This document provides definitions and concepts related to solutions and concentration units. It defines key terms like solute, solvent, saturated and unsaturated solutions. It also explains concepts like mole, molecular weight, equivalent weight and how to calculate them. Finally, it discusses different units of concentration including normality, molarity, molality, percentage, parts per million (ppm) and how to interconvert between them through examples.
The document discusses the phases of mitosis. It aims to identify each phase and describe what happens. The four phases are:
Prophase, where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Metaphase, where chromosomes line up in the middle. Anaphase, where chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles. Telophase, where chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope reforms.
The acidity of water is a measure of the quantitative capacity to react with a mineral base. The measured value usually varies with the pH indicator used in the experiment. The solution of phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic or mild basic medium (pH<8.0), while in basic medium (pH<9.6) solution is pink. The solution of methyl orange is generally red at pH lower than 3.1 and above pH 4.4 the solutions are yellow.
The dissolved strong mineral acids, weak organic acids, dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrolyzed mineral salts may contribute to the measured acidity of natural water. The acidity of water is a significant parameter of water as the presence of acids in natural water contributes to corrosiveness and influences chemical reaction rates. The biological processes are dependent on the acidity of water. The quantitative acidity measurement also reflects the quality of the source of water. The acidity of water is usually expressed in terms of CaCO3.
Estimation of Vitamin C by iodine titration .pptxSajjad Alam
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This document describes the process of estimating the amount of vitamin C in a sample using iodine titration. Key steps include:
1. Preparing standard solutions of potassium dichromate, sodium thiosulfate, and iodine through calculations of amounts needed.
2. Standardizing the iodine solution against the sodium thiosulfate solution.
3. Titrating a 0.125g sample of vitamin C that has been dissolved in metaphosphoric acid with the standard iodine solution.
4. Calculating the amount of vitamin C in the sample based on the titration volume and normality of iodine. The results found 101mg of vitamin C in the
This document discusses different methods of preparing solutions of varying concentrations, including percentage solutions, molarity, molality, normality, and parts per million. It provides examples and problems for calculating amounts of solutes needed to make solutions of specific concentrations and volumes. Buffer solutions are also introduced as solutions that can tolerate small pH changes during reactions. They are typically composed of a weak acid and its salt.
Integrated Science M2 Osmoregulation in PlantseLearningJa
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1. The document discusses osmoregulation in plants and their adaptations to regulate water balance. It defines osmoregulation and describes four types of plants based on their adaptations: halophytes, hydrophytes, xerophytes, and mesophytes.
2. Examples of adaptations discussed include mangroves secreting salt from leaves and roots, succulent leaves and stems in cacti, and floating leaves with many stomata in water lilies.
3. Osmoregulation is important for plants to survive because it regulates water uptake and loss to maintain homeostasis, especially in dry, salty, or aquatic conditions where water is limited.
The document provides instructions for preparing solutions in a chemistry laboratory. It discusses weighing solids and measuring liquids accurately, using equipment like volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders, and balances. The key steps are to weigh the solute, add it to part of the solvent in a volumetric flask, dissolve the solute, then fill the flask to the mark and mix thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous solution of known concentration. Proper technique and significant figures are important for obtaining precise results.
techniques used for preparing serial sections using microtomes include dehydrating agents and clearing agents ,this slide includes some details on dehydrating and clearing agents
1. Weigh out 8.0g of solid sodium hydroxide and dissolve it in 25cm3 of water in a beaker.
2. Pour the solution into a 100cm3 volumetric flask and rinse the beaker and weighing bottle with water, adding the rinse water to the flask.
3. Add distilled water dropwise until the solution reaches the 100cm3 mark. Shake well to mix.
Chapter 9 Transport in Plants Lesson 3 - The 3 mechanisms in water transport_...j3di79
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There are three main mechanisms by which plants transport water and nutrients upwards against gravity: 1) Root pressure, 2) Capillary action, and 3) Transpiration pull. Capillary action is caused by the properties of adhesion and cohesion in water molecules. Transpiration pull is the suction force created by evaporation of water from leaves that pulls water up through the xylem vessels. Factors like humidity, temperature, wind, and leaf size affect the transpiration rate.
To prepare 300ml of 1x TAE buffer solution from a 50x stock solution, calculate the volume of stock solution needed using the formula C1V1=C2V2. Plugging in 50x for C1, 1x for C2, 300ml for V2 gives a value of 6ml for V1, the volume of 50x stock solution required. Take 6ml of the 50x TAE stock solution and dilute it with deionized water to a total volume of 300ml to obtain the desired 1x TAE buffer solution.
Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of solute particles to solvent particles and not the chemical identity of the solute. The four main colligative properties are lowering of vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure. These properties can be used to determine various solution characteristics like concentration but are more commonly used to understand phenomena like osmosis and melting ice on sidewalks for safety.
Estimation of Vitamin C by iodine titration .pptxSajjad Alam
?
This document describes the process of estimating the amount of vitamin C in a sample using iodine titration. Key steps include:
1. Preparing standard solutions of potassium dichromate, sodium thiosulfate, and iodine through calculations of amounts needed.
2. Standardizing the iodine solution against the sodium thiosulfate solution.
3. Titrating a 0.125g sample of vitamin C that has been dissolved in metaphosphoric acid with the standard iodine solution.
4. Calculating the amount of vitamin C in the sample based on the titration volume and normality of iodine. The results found 101mg of vitamin C in the
This document discusses different methods of preparing solutions of varying concentrations, including percentage solutions, molarity, molality, normality, and parts per million. It provides examples and problems for calculating amounts of solutes needed to make solutions of specific concentrations and volumes. Buffer solutions are also introduced as solutions that can tolerate small pH changes during reactions. They are typically composed of a weak acid and its salt.
Integrated Science M2 Osmoregulation in PlantseLearningJa
?
1. The document discusses osmoregulation in plants and their adaptations to regulate water balance. It defines osmoregulation and describes four types of plants based on their adaptations: halophytes, hydrophytes, xerophytes, and mesophytes.
2. Examples of adaptations discussed include mangroves secreting salt from leaves and roots, succulent leaves and stems in cacti, and floating leaves with many stomata in water lilies.
3. Osmoregulation is important for plants to survive because it regulates water uptake and loss to maintain homeostasis, especially in dry, salty, or aquatic conditions where water is limited.
The document provides instructions for preparing solutions in a chemistry laboratory. It discusses weighing solids and measuring liquids accurately, using equipment like volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders, and balances. The key steps are to weigh the solute, add it to part of the solvent in a volumetric flask, dissolve the solute, then fill the flask to the mark and mix thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous solution of known concentration. Proper technique and significant figures are important for obtaining precise results.
techniques used for preparing serial sections using microtomes include dehydrating agents and clearing agents ,this slide includes some details on dehydrating and clearing agents
1. Weigh out 8.0g of solid sodium hydroxide and dissolve it in 25cm3 of water in a beaker.
2. Pour the solution into a 100cm3 volumetric flask and rinse the beaker and weighing bottle with water, adding the rinse water to the flask.
3. Add distilled water dropwise until the solution reaches the 100cm3 mark. Shake well to mix.
Chapter 9 Transport in Plants Lesson 3 - The 3 mechanisms in water transport_...j3di79
?
There are three main mechanisms by which plants transport water and nutrients upwards against gravity: 1) Root pressure, 2) Capillary action, and 3) Transpiration pull. Capillary action is caused by the properties of adhesion and cohesion in water molecules. Transpiration pull is the suction force created by evaporation of water from leaves that pulls water up through the xylem vessels. Factors like humidity, temperature, wind, and leaf size affect the transpiration rate.
To prepare 300ml of 1x TAE buffer solution from a 50x stock solution, calculate the volume of stock solution needed using the formula C1V1=C2V2. Plugging in 50x for C1, 1x for C2, 300ml for V2 gives a value of 6ml for V1, the volume of 50x stock solution required. Take 6ml of the 50x TAE stock solution and dilute it with deionized water to a total volume of 300ml to obtain the desired 1x TAE buffer solution.
Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of solute particles to solvent particles and not the chemical identity of the solute. The four main colligative properties are lowering of vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure. These properties can be used to determine various solution characteristics like concentration but are more commonly used to understand phenomena like osmosis and melting ice on sidewalks for safety.