![Pliny the Younger, ca. AD 112 (3/3)
I interrogated them as to whether they were
Christians. If they confessed I interrogated them a
second and third time, threatening punishment. If
they persisted I ordered them to be led off
[to execution]. ... As for those who denied that they
were or ever had been Christians, when they
invoked the gods in words given by me, and prayed
with incense and wine offerings to your statue,
which I had ordered to be brought for this very
purpose along with images of the gods, and also
cursed Christ (which it is said that no true Christian
can ever be compelled to do), I thought they should
be discharged.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anewyearanewlifecelebratinghopeandvictoryinchrist-250104133439-7dd3c918/85/A-New-Year-A-New-Life-Celebrating-Hope-and-Victory-in-Christ-pptx-49-320.jpg)
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A New Year, A New Life Celebrating Hope and Victory in Christ.pptx
- 1. The Bible says John 10:10 Ang kawatan dili moanhi, kondili aron siya makapangawat, ug makapamatay, ug makapanglaglag; ako mianhi, aron sila may kinabuhi, ug makabaton niana sa labing madagayaon.
- 2. A New Year, A New Life: Celebrating Hope and Victory in Christ
- 3. Jesus Is Our Eternal Contemporary
- 4. The Bible says 1 Timothy 3:16 Ug sa walay langtugi, daku ang tinago sa pagka-diosnon: Ang Dios nga gipadayag diha sa unod, gipakamatarung sa Espiritu; nakit-an sa mga manolonda; giwali sa taliwala sa mga kanasuran: gitohoan dinhi sa kalibutan; gibayaw sa himaya.
- 5. The Meaning of What Jesus Did on Calvary Justice, Evil, Love and Forgiveness
- 6. The Bible says 1 Peter 2:24 Nga siya sa iyang kaugalingon mao ang nagdala sa atong mga sala sa iyang lawas ibabaw sa kahoy, aron kita, nga sa nangamatay ngadto sa sala, mabuhi kita ngadto sa pagkamatarung; tungod sa mga samad niya nangaayo kamo.
- 7. In Jesus Christ There Is Hope
- 8. The Bible says John 11:25 Si Jesus miingon kaniya: Ako mao ang pagkabanhaw ug ang kinabuhi: ang motoo kanako, bisan siya namatay, mabuhi pa siya.
- 9. We Can Celebrate Life
- 10. The Bible says John 10:10 Ako mianhi, aron sila may kinabuhi, ug makabaton niana sa labing madagayaon.
- 14. Robert Koldewey began excavations at Babylon 1897
- 15. tower (today in Berlin) emerge during 1902 excavation two layers of gates are underground
- 16. on display in Pergamon Museum, Berlin
- 23. Babylon 1932
- 25. A temporary brace on a wall at the Ishtar Gate
- 26. Examining collapsed roof, Ninmakh temple (2009)
- 27. Masonry additions from the 1980s produced lateral forces that cracked brickwork
- 29. View to the southern Palace
- 30. Laser scan
- 31. Remains of the Northern Palace with the Saddam Hussein Palace in the background
- 38. Israel Museum Address: Derech Ruppin, Jerusalem, Israel
- 39. Pontius Pilate inscription; the original stone, now located in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem An inscription bearing the name of Pontius Pilate was found at Caesarea Maritima June 15, 1961 during the excavation of the Roman theater. Pilate inscription displayed in the Palace area at Caesarea. Photo by Ferrell Jenkins.
- 40. Pontuis Pilte Prefect of Judea 26-37 A.D.- Discovered 1961
- 41. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem - an ossuary of Caiaphas, the high priest from the time of Jesus
- 42. Ossuary of Joseph Caiaphas High Priest in Jerusalem AD 18-36 Limestone Ossuary contained The bones of a 60 yr old male Discover in Jerusalem - 1990
- 43. The Bible says Mark 3:21 And when his friends had news of it, they went out to get him, saying, He is off his head. John 7:5 Kay bisan ang iyang mga igsoon wala motoo kaniya.
- 44. The Bible says Acts 15:13 James speaks during the Council of Jerusalem. 1 Corinthians 15:6-7 After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at the same time, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles.
- 45. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 20, Chapter 9, Section 1. Josephus, born ca. AD 37 writes about events in Jerusalem, AD 62 Flavius Josephus
- 48. Pliny the Younger: The 247 letters that helped shape our view of the Roman Empire
- 49. Pliny the Younger, ca. AD 112 (3/3) I interrogated them as to whether they were Christians. If they confessed I interrogated them a second and third time, threatening punishment. If they persisted I ordered them to be led off [to execution]. ... As for those who denied that they were or ever had been Christians, when they invoked the gods in words given by me, and prayed with incense and wine offerings to your statue, which I had ordered to be brought for this very purpose along with images of the gods, and also cursed Christ (which it is said that no true Christian can ever be compelled to do), I thought they should be discharged.
- 50. Pliny, ca. AD 112 (3/3) ... many people of every age, every rank, and of both sexes are being and will be called to trial. Nor is it only cities that are affected, but the disease of this superstition is also reaching villages and farmsteads. It seems possible to check and correct this. It is pretty well agreed that the temples, which had almost become deserted, have now begun to be frequented again, and all the sacred rites which had been neglected for a long time are recommencing and the flesh for sacrificial rites is being sold, for which up to now it was hard to find a purchaser.
- 51. The Bible says Revelation 3:5 Kadtong makadaug, pagasul-oban sa ingon sa mga bisti nga maputi ug dili ko pagapalaon ang iyang ngalan sa basahon sa kinabuhi; ug igasugid ko ang iyang ngalan sa atubangan sa akong Amahan ug sa iyang mga manolonda.
- 52. The Bible says Revelation 20:15 Ug kong may bisan kisan nga wala hikit-i, nga nahasulat sa basahon sa kinabuhi, gitambug siya ngadto sa linaw nga kalayo.
Editor's Notes
- #14: Robert Koldewey began excavations at Babylon 1897
- #16: on display in Pergamon Museum, Berlin
- #17: Pergamonmuseum museum, Berlin, Germany
- #27: Masonry additions from the 1980s produced lateral forces that cracked brickwork
- #29: View to the southern Palace
- #42: The Bible tells us that Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest under whom Jesus stood trial. Matthew 26:57 describes it this way: Those who had arrested Jesus took him to Caiaphas the high priest, where the teachers of the law and the elders had assembled. (Matthew 26:63). According to Pilate and the Romans, however, his crime was insurrection, because he claimed to be the King of the Jews (Matthew 27:37). Joseph son of Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest from 18-36 CE. He is known chiefly for his involvement in the arrest of Jesus as described in the New Testament. The Caiaphas family burial cave was discovered in southeastern Jerusalem. This is the most elegant of the 12 ossuaries found inside. The full name of the deceased - Joseph son of Caiaphas - appears twice. The name and the chests elaborate decorations suggest that this was indeed the ossuary of the Caiaphas from the New Testament. Then those who had seized Jesus led him to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders had gathered. (Matthew 26:57) Correction: Aug. 21, 1992 A picture caption last Friday about the discovery of bone boxes near Jerusalem belonging to Caiaphas, the Jewish High Priest who tried Jesus, incorrectly translated the Aramaic inscriptions shown. They contained letters of Caiaphas's name, not the phrase "Joseph, son of Caiaphas. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/14/world/tomb-may-hold-the-bones-of-priest-who-judged-jesus.html
- #45: Galatians 1:19 Paul refers to James as the Lords brother. 1.油The list of eyewitnesses to Jesus resurrection appearances, which is quoted by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15, guarantees that such appearances occurred. These included appearance to Peter (or Cephas, as his Aramaic name is given), the twelve disciples, the 500 brethren, and James, Jesus own younger brother. For example, we have very good evidence in the Gospels that neither James nor any of Jesus younger brothers were believers in Jesus during his lifetime. There is no reason whatsoever that the early church would generate fictitious stories concerning the unbelief of Jesus own family had they been faithful followers of Jesus all along. And so it is reasonably certain historically that neither James nor his other brother were followers of Jesus during his lifetime. But it is equally indisputable that James and his brothers did become active Christian believers following Jesus death. James was considered to be an apostle in the early church and he eventually rose to the position of sole leadership of the Jerusalem church. In fact according to the first-century historian Josephus, whom I alluded to before, James was martyred for his faith in Christ in the AD 60s during a lapse in the civil government.[10]油Now think about that. Most of us have brothers. What would it take to convince you that your brother is the Lord so that you would be willing to die for this belief? Can there be any doubt that the reason for this remarkable transformation in James is because, in Pauls words, then he appeared to James? Even Gerd L端demann, who is the leading German New Testament critic of the resurrection today, himself admits, and I quote, It may be taken as historically certain [and those are his words, not mine] that Peter and the disciplines had experiences after Jesus death in which Jesus appeared to them as the risen Christ.[11]
- #48: https://romanempiretimes.com/content/images/2024/06/Pliny-the-Younger-delivering-speech.jpg
- #49: Pliny the Younger, ca. AD 112; Letters 10.96 I interrogated them as to whether they were Christians. If they confessed I interrogated them a second and third time, threatening punishment. If they persisted I ordered them to be led off [to execution]. ... As for those who denied that they were or ever had been Christians, when they invoked the gods in words given by me, and prayed with incense and wine offerings to your statue, which I had ordered to be brought for this very purpose along with images of the gods, and also cursed Christ (which it is said that no true Christian can ever be compelled to do), I thought they should be discharged.