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Penolakan




      PROGRAM ABAKUS
           DAN
     ARITMETIK MENTAL
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

 Penolakan


              Kemahiran tolak
               Tolak terus
               Kombinasi 5
               Kombinasi 10
               Gabungan kombinasi
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

 Penolakan
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

   Penolakan     (Tolak Terus)

   Bagi menolak terus, manik di setiap tiang mencukupi untuk digerakkan
   bagi mendapatkan jawapan.
   Latihan                       1.    146  25
                                 2.    247  31
                                 3.    924  22
                                 4.    752  51
                                 5.    398  75
                                 6.    879  655
                                 7.    337  126
                                 8.    449  138
                                 9.    999  875
                                 10.   915  215
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

    Penolakan            (Kombinasi 5)



    Tolak kombinasi 5 digunakan apabila manik bawah tidak mencukupi
    untuk ditolak tetapi manik atas cukup ditolak. Oleh itu kita mengguna-
    kan Kawan Kecil di mana kita naikkan Kawan Kecil dan turunkan 5.




                 5                           5           5           5

             4       1                   3       2   2       3   1       4
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

 Penolakan    (Kombinasi 5)


    Latihan               1)    354  242
                          2)    612  302
                          3)    782  482
                          4)    345  224
                          5)    732  422
                          6)    892  452
                          7)    453  233
                          8)    621  220
                          9)    541  321
                          10)   452  322
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

 Penolakan        (Kombinasi 10)



     Tolak kombinasi 10 digunakan apabila manik bawah dan manik
     atas tidak mencukupi untuk ditolak. Oleh itu, kita gunakan Kawan
     Besar. Ia digunakan apabila kita ambil 1 dan turunkan Kawan
     Besar pada tiang disebelah kanan.



         10       10          10       10       10       10       10       10       10

     1    9   2      8    3    7   4    6   5    5   6    4   7    3   8    2   9    1
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

 Penolakan    (Kombinasi 10)


    Latihan               1)    210  9
                          2)    416  9
                          3)    512  4
                          4)    445  26
                          5)    397 - 39
                          6)    341  29
                          7)    228  19
                          8)    720  585
                          9)    826  189
                          10)   942  558
Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental

 Penolakan    (Gabungan Kombinasi)

    Tolak Gabungan Kombinasi 5 dan Kombinasi 10

    Tolak gabungan kombinasi 5 dan kombinasi 10 digunakan apabila
    manik pada tiang tidak mencukupi untuk menjalankan operasi tolak.
    Kita akan menggunakan Kawan Besar, tetapi manik tidak mencukupi.
    Oleh itu, kita menggunakan Kawan Kecil.

    Latihan        1.    211  6            6.    342  17
                   2.    544  7            7.    123  16
                   3.    314  9            8.    328  73
                   4.    212  60           9.    624  576
                   5.    146  94           10.   923  777

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Ama (tolak)

  • 1. Penolakan PROGRAM ABAKUS DAN ARITMETIK MENTAL
  • 2. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan Kemahiran tolak Tolak terus Kombinasi 5 Kombinasi 10 Gabungan kombinasi
  • 3. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan
  • 4. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan (Tolak Terus) Bagi menolak terus, manik di setiap tiang mencukupi untuk digerakkan bagi mendapatkan jawapan. Latihan 1. 146 25 2. 247 31 3. 924 22 4. 752 51 5. 398 75 6. 879 655 7. 337 126 8. 449 138 9. 999 875 10. 915 215
  • 5. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan (Kombinasi 5) Tolak kombinasi 5 digunakan apabila manik bawah tidak mencukupi untuk ditolak tetapi manik atas cukup ditolak. Oleh itu kita mengguna- kan Kawan Kecil di mana kita naikkan Kawan Kecil dan turunkan 5. 5 5 5 5 4 1 3 2 2 3 1 4
  • 6. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan (Kombinasi 5) Latihan 1) 354 242 2) 612 302 3) 782 482 4) 345 224 5) 732 422 6) 892 452 7) 453 233 8) 621 220 9) 541 321 10) 452 322
  • 7. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan (Kombinasi 10) Tolak kombinasi 10 digunakan apabila manik bawah dan manik atas tidak mencukupi untuk ditolak. Oleh itu, kita gunakan Kawan Besar. Ia digunakan apabila kita ambil 1 dan turunkan Kawan Besar pada tiang disebelah kanan. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 9 2 8 3 7 4 6 5 5 6 4 7 3 8 2 9 1
  • 8. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan (Kombinasi 10) Latihan 1) 210 9 2) 416 9 3) 512 4 4) 445 26 5) 397 - 39 6) 341 29 7) 228 19 8) 720 585 9) 826 189 10) 942 558
  • 9. Abakus dan Aritmetik Mental Penolakan (Gabungan Kombinasi) Tolak Gabungan Kombinasi 5 dan Kombinasi 10 Tolak gabungan kombinasi 5 dan kombinasi 10 digunakan apabila manik pada tiang tidak mencukupi untuk menjalankan operasi tolak. Kita akan menggunakan Kawan Besar, tetapi manik tidak mencukupi. Oleh itu, kita menggunakan Kawan Kecil. Latihan 1. 211 6 6. 342 17 2. 544 7 7. 123 16 3. 314 9 8. 328 73 4. 212 60 9. 624 576 5. 146 94 10. 923 777