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Artificial Creativity of
Evolutionary Swarm Systems
Hiroki Sayama
Center for Collective Dynamics of Complex Systems
Binghamton University, State University of New York
sayama@binghamton.edu

https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/open-endedness-
the-last-grand-challenge-youve-never-heard-of
2

Swarm
Chemistry
http://bingweb.binghamton.edu/~sayama/SwarmChemistry/
3

i
• Particles in a continuous open 2-D space
• Kinetic interactions with local neighbors
• No capability to distinguish different types
Model Assumptions
4

Kinetic Parameters
(Assigned to each particle individually)
5

i
Cohesion Alignment Separation
97 * (226.76, 3.11, 9.61, 0.15, 0.88, 43.35, 0.44, 1.0 )
38 * ( 57.47, 9.99, 35.18, 0.15, 0.37, 30.96, 0.05, 0.31)
56 * ( 15.25, 13.58, 3.82, 0.3, 0.8, 39.51, 0.43, 0.65)
31 * (113.21, 18.25, 38.21, 0.62, 0.46, 15.78, 0.49, 0.61)
Recipe
6

Artificial Creativity of Evolutionary Swarm Systems

Recipe Competition Between Active Particles
Competition between active particles
97 * (226.76, 3.11, 9.61, 0.15, 0.88, 43.35, 0.44, 1.0)
38 * (57.47, 9.99, 35.18, 0.15, 0.37, 30.96, 0.05, 0.31)
56 * (15.25, 13.58, 3.82, 0.3, 0.8, 39.51, 0.43, 0.65)
31 * (113.21, 18.25, 38.21, 0.62, 0.46, 15.78, 0.49, 0.61)
67 * (216.35, 11.75, 7.7, 0.83, 0.97, 97.31, 0.02, 0.38)
29 * (254.64, 7.28, 7.0, 0.95, 0.11, 22.41, 0.43, 0.31)
13 * (105.4, 3.55, 5.24, 0.34, 0.18, 23.53, 0.39, 0.24)
competition
function
winner:
8

97 * (226.76, 3.11, 9.61, 0.15, 0.88, 43.35, 0.44, 1.0)
38 * (57.47, 9.99, 35.18, 0.15, 0.37, 30.96, 0.05, 0.31)
56 * (15.25, 13.58, 3.82, 0.3, 0.8, 39.51, 0.43, 0.65)
31 * (113.21, 18.25, 38.21, 0.62, 0.46, 15.78, 0.49, 0.61)
Mutations
Recipe transmission & mutation
75 * (216.35, 11.75, 7.7, 0.83, 0.97, 97.31, 0.02, 0.38)
29 * (254.64, 7.28, 7.0, 0.95, 0.11, 28.56, 0.43, 0.31)
13 * (105.4, 3.55, 5.24, 0.34, 0.18, 23.53, 0.39, 0.24)
9
67 * (216.35, 11.75, 7.7, 0.83, 0.97, 97.31, 0.02, 0.38)
29 * (254.64, 7.28, 7.0, 0.95, 0.11, 22.41, 0.43, 0.31)
13 * (105.4, 3.55, 5.24, 0.34, 0.18, 23.53, 0.39, 0.24)

Sayama, IEEE ALIFE (2011) Sayama & Wong, ECAL (2011)
Is This Really Creative?

Simulate It Much Longer
Detect Objects Automatically

Environmental Perturbations
• Competition function switched from
“majority-relative” to either “faster”
or “slower” for T steps in every 2000
steps in either half of the space
T = 50 (short, moderate)
T = 500 (long, severe)

Detailed Object Tracking (Object Size)
With moderate environmental perturbations
Objects tend
to get bigger
over time

Detailed Object Tracking (Object Size)
With moderate environmental perturbations With severe environmental perturbations
But it also depends on the
severity of perturbations

Detailed Object Tracking (Color Diversity)
With moderate environmental perturbations With severe environmental perturbations
Severe perturbations may increase
color entropy of objects

Results
https://youtu.be/BpN-DE3o6u8

Evolved Under Moderate Perturbations

Evolved Under Severe Perturbations

Conclusions
Evolutionary swarm chemistry
can produce patterns with no
global fitness evaluation
The “bottom-up” approach
offers a unique path to
machine creativity
Automated object harvesting
has captured a large number
of patterns

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Artificial Creativity of Evolutionary Swarm Systems

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Artificial Creativity of Evolutionary Swarm Systems