![K¨ª t? thay th?
? * : m?i chu?i k? c? r?ng
? ?
? [¡] : t??ng ?ng v?i m?t trong c¨¢c k¨ª t?
? [!/^] : kh?ng t??ng ?ng
? : lo?i b? ? ngh?a ??c bi?t](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-10-320.jpg)
![??m s? d¨°ng, t? ho?c byte ¨C wc
? Syntax: wc [option] [files]
-l : ??m s? d¨°ng
-c hay ¨Cm : ??m k¨ª t?
-w : ??m s? t?
? $ wc -l file1 - ??m s? d¨°ng
? $ wc file[123] - ??m 3 file
? $ wc -c file1 - ??m s? k¨ª t?
? $ grep "^ *$" /etc/inittab | wc ¨Cl
??m s? d¨°ng tr?ng](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-14-320.jpg)
![?¨¢nh s d¨°ng ¨C nl?
? Syntax: nl [options] [files]
? b style: set l?i ki?u c?a body [t]
? f style: ki?u c?a footer [n]
? h style: ki?u c?a header [n]
? style = A, t, n ho?c p<bi?u th?c>
? Ch¨² ?: m?t trang th?ng th??ng g?m c¨¢c
ph?n header, body v¨¤ footer t??ng ?ng
v?i ::: , ::, v¨¤ :](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-15-320.jpg)
![od - dump file
? Syntax: od [options] [files]
? Tham s?: ¨Ct type = A, c, O, x
? L?nh kh¨¢c: hexdump
$ od -t o1 file1
00000000 141 061 012 101 061
012
00000006
$ od -t x1 file1
00000000 61 31 0a 41 31
0a
00000006
$ od -t c file1
00000000 a 1 n A 1 n
00000006
$ od -t a file1
00000000 a 1 nl A 1 nl
00000006](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-16-320.jpg)
![- cut & paste
? Syntax cut [options] [files]
? -b, -c, -d, -f, --output-delimiter
? Ch?n k¨ª t?: cut ¨Cc {range1, range2}
$cut ¨Cc5-10,15- /etc/password
? Ch?n field: cut -d {delimiter} -f {fields}
$ cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
? Output-delimeter
$cut -d: -f 1,7 --output-delimiter=" " /etc/passwd
Ch¨² ?: t? xem l?nh paste theo d¨°ng & c?t](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-17-320.jpg)
![join
? Syntax join [options] file1 file2
tham s?: -j1 field1, -j2 field2, -j field
? $ join ¨Cj 1 file1 file2
? $ join ¨Cj1 1 file1 file2
? $ join ¨Cj2 1 file1 file2
File2: 1 11
2 22
3 33
File1: 1 one
2 two
3 three](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-18-320.jpg)
![tr ¨C translate text
? Syntax tr [options] [[string1 [string2]]
? tham s? : ¨Cd x¨®a, -s : thay th? l?p
$ cat file1 | tr a-z A-Z - th??ng sang hoa
$ cat file1 | tr -s a -
$ tr '[A-B]' '[a-b]'< file.txt ¨C hoa sang th??ng
$ tr ':' ' ' < /etc/passwd - thay ¡°:¡± b?ng ¡° ¡°
$ cat file1 | tr -d abc - x¨®a k¨ª t? abc
[:lower:], [:upper:], [:alnum:]
? Ch¨² ?: tr ch? c¨® 2 ??i s?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-19-320.jpg)
![sed
? Syntax
sed [options] 'command1' [files]
sed [options] -f script [files]
sed [options] -e 'com1' [-e 'com2'...] [files]
Tham s? :
? d - delete lines.
? s - substitutions. s/pattern/replacement/[flags]
g - Replace all instances of pattern, not just the first.
n - Replace nth instance of pattern; the default is 1.
p - Print the line, used with the ¨Cn
w ¨C print to file
y - Translate characters.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-23-320.jpg)
![xargs
? Syntax
xargs [options] [command] [initial-
arguments]
Tham s? ¨Cn maxargs
-p promt
? $ ls | xargs rm -f
? $ find / -type f | xargs -n 1 grep linux
? $ find / -type f -user 502 | xargs rm ¨Cf
? Ch¨² ? : m?t s? l?nh c¨® tham s? -exec ~ xargs
find / -type f -user 502 ¨Cexec rm ¨Cf {} ;](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caclenhlinuxcoban-150630105634-lva1-app6891/85/Cac-lenh-linux_co_ban-25-320.jpg)
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Cac lenh linux_co_ban
- 1. Command Line V? T?m V?n
- 2. X? l¨ª t?p tin th? m?c ? Rmdir ? Touch ? Cp ? Mv ? Rm ? ln ? Cd ? LS ? Pwd ? Passwd ? Mkdir
- 3. H? th?ng t?p tin
- 4. ? /boot : kernel v¨¤ c?u h¨¬nh boot ? /bin : c¨¢c l?nh c? b?n ? /dev : c¨¢c khai b¨¢o v? thi?t b? ? /etc : c?u h¨¬nh h? th?ng v¨¤ ?ng d?ng ? /home : th? m?c ng??i d¨´ng ? /lib : th? vi?n d¨´ng chung ? /mnt : th? m?c mount ? /proc : th?ng tin process ? /sbin : c¨¢c l?nh qu?n tr? ? /tmp : d? li?u t?m ? /usr : ?ng d?ng v¨¤ th? vi?n ? /var : d? li?u bi?n ??ng
- 5. ??t t¨ºn & ???ng d?n ? T?i ?a 255 k¨ª t?, d¨´ng b?t k¨¬ k? t? n¨¤o ? File/th? m?c ?n ???c b?t ??u b?ng d?u ch?m ¡°.¡± ? ???ng d?n tuy?t ??i: b?t ??u b?ng ¡°/¡± / /bin /usr /usr/bin ? ???ng d?n t??ng ??i:kh?ng b?t ??u b?ng ¡°/¡± ? ???ng d?n ??t bi?t .. - th? m?c cha . - th? m?c ?ang l¨¤m vi?c
- 6. passwd, pwd, cd ? passwd : ??i m?t kh?u ? pwd : in th? m?c l¨¤m vi?c ? cd : chuy?n ??i th? m?c cd /usr/bin cd ../../etc cd ~ : chuy?n ??n th? m?c home = cd cd ~sv cd path : chuy?n ??n th? m?c path
- 7. ls, mkdir,rmdir,touch ? ls ¨C li?t k¨º th? m?c ? mkdir ¨C t?o th? m?c $ mkdir ¨Cp dir3/dir4 : t?o th? m?c cha ? rmdir ¨C x¨®a th? m?c r?ng ? touch ¨C t?o file r?ng $ touch file.txt $ echo ¨Cn > file.txt
- 8. cp, mv,rm,ln ? cp ¨C ch¨¦p file $ cp file1 file2 $ cp file1 dir1 -f : ghi ?¨¨, -i : h?i tr??c khi ghi ?¨¨ -R,-r : copy to¨¤n b? th? m?c $ cp ¨Cr dir1 dir2
- 9. ? mv ¨C di chuy?n/ ??i t¨ºn $ mv file1 file2 $ mv dir1 dir2 ? rm ¨C x¨®a file/ th? m?c $ rm file 1 file2 $ rm ¨Cr dir3 ? ln ¨C t?o li¨ºn k?t $ ln ¨Cs dir1 firstdir $ ln ¨Cf /tmp/test.txt -s : t?o symbolic link, -f : x¨®a file ?¨ªch
- 10. K¨ª t? thay th? ? * : m?i chu?i k? c? r?ng ? ? ? [¡] : t??ng ?ng v?i m?t trong c¨¢c k¨ª t? ? [!/^] : kh?ng t??ng ?ng ? : lo?i b? ? ngh?a ??c bi?t
- 11. X? l¨ª chu?i ? cat & tac ? head & tail ? nl & wc, ? expand & unexpand ? od & hexdump ? cut, paste, join, sort, tr ? sed, grep
- 12. L nh cat & tac? ? -n : ?¨¢nh s? c¨¢c d¨°ng output ? -b : kh?ng t¨ªnh d¨°ng tr?ng (blank) ? -A : hi?n th? k¨ª t? xu?ng d¨°ng ? L?nh tac ng??c l?i v?i l?nh cat
- 13. L nh head & tail? ? Ch¨² ?: tail c¨® th¨ºm tham s? -f ?? ??c c¨¢c file ??ng
- 14. ??m s? d¨°ng, t? ho?c byte ¨C wc ? Syntax: wc [option] [files] -l : ??m s? d¨°ng -c hay ¨Cm : ??m k¨ª t? -w : ??m s? t? ? $ wc -l file1 - ??m s? d¨°ng ? $ wc file[123] - ??m 3 file ? $ wc -c file1 - ??m s? k¨ª t? ? $ grep "^ *$" /etc/inittab | wc ¨Cl ??m s? d¨°ng tr?ng
- 15. ?¨¢nh s d¨°ng ¨C nl? ? Syntax: nl [options] [files] ? b style: set l?i ki?u c?a body [t] ? f style: ki?u c?a footer [n] ? h style: ki?u c?a header [n] ? style = A, t, n ho?c p<bi?u th?c> ? Ch¨² ?: m?t trang th?ng th??ng g?m c¨¢c ph?n header, body v¨¤ footer t??ng ?ng v?i ::: , ::, v¨¤ :
- 16. od - dump file ? Syntax: od [options] [files] ? Tham s?: ¨Ct type = A, c, O, x ? L?nh kh¨¢c: hexdump $ od -t o1 file1 00000000 141 061 012 101 061 012 00000006 $ od -t x1 file1 00000000 61 31 0a 41 31 0a 00000006 $ od -t c file1 00000000 a 1 n A 1 n 00000006 $ od -t a file1 00000000 a 1 nl A 1 nl 00000006
- 17. - cut & paste ? Syntax cut [options] [files] ? -b, -c, -d, -f, --output-delimiter ? Ch?n k¨ª t?: cut ¨Cc {range1, range2} $cut ¨Cc5-10,15- /etc/password ? Ch?n field: cut -d {delimiter} -f {fields} $ cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd ? Output-delimeter $cut -d: -f 1,7 --output-delimiter=" " /etc/passwd Ch¨² ?: t? xem l?nh paste theo d¨°ng & c?t
- 18. join ? Syntax join [options] file1 file2 tham s?: -j1 field1, -j2 field2, -j field ? $ join ¨Cj 1 file1 file2 ? $ join ¨Cj1 1 file1 file2 ? $ join ¨Cj2 1 file1 file2 File2: 1 11 2 22 3 33 File1: 1 one 2 two 3 three
- 19. tr ¨C translate text ? Syntax tr [options] [[string1 [string2]] ? tham s? : ¨Cd x¨®a, -s : thay th? l?p $ cat file1 | tr a-z A-Z - th??ng sang hoa $ cat file1 | tr -s a - $ tr '[A-B]' '[a-b]'< file.txt ¨C hoa sang th??ng $ tr ':' ' ' < /etc/passwd - thay ¡°:¡± b?ng ¡° ¡° $ cat file1 | tr -d abc - x¨®a k¨ª t? abc [:lower:], [:upper:], [:alnum:] ? Ch¨² ?: tr ch? c¨® 2 ??i s?
- 20. grep, fgrep, egrep, sed
- 21. grep
- 22. fgrep & egrep
- 23. sed ? Syntax sed [options] 'command1' [files] sed [options] -f script [files] sed [options] -e 'com1' [-e 'com2'...] [files] Tham s? : ? d - delete lines. ? s - substitutions. s/pattern/replacement/[flags] g - Replace all instances of pattern, not just the first. n - Replace nth instance of pattern; the default is 1. p - Print the line, used with the ¨Cn w ¨C print to file y - Translate characters.
- 24. sed (cont) ? $ sed '3,5d' file1 -x¨®a d¨°ng 3-5 ? $ sed '/^#/d' file1 - x¨®a d¨°ng ch¨² th¨ªch ? $ sed 's/^$/@/' file1 - th¨ºm @ v¨¤o d¨°ng tr?ng ? $ sed 's/"//g' file1 - x¨®a d?u ¡° ? $ sed ¡®s//dev/hda1//dev/sdb3/g¡¯ file1 ? $ sed ¡® /KEY/ s/:/;/g¡¯ file1 ? $ sed ¨Ce ¡®/^$/ d¡¯ -e ¡®s/OLD/NEW/g¡¯ file1 ? $sed -f script.txt file1 1 s/old/new/ /keyword/ s/old/new/g 23,25 d
- 25. xargs ? Syntax xargs [options] [command] [initial- arguments] Tham s? ¨Cn maxargs -p promt ? $ ls | xargs rm -f ? $ find / -type f | xargs -n 1 grep linux ? $ find / -type f -user 502 | xargs rm ¨Cf ? Ch¨² ? : m?t s? l?nh c¨® tham s? -exec ~ xargs find / -type f -user 502 ¨Cexec rm ¨Cf {} ;