![HE IEU HANH Gia短ng vie但n: TS To但 Tua叩n, Vie辰n CNTT, BQP E-mail: [email_address] Die達n 単a淡n: http://totuan.one-forum.net Mu誰c tie但u: Cung ca叩p ca湛c kha湛i nie辰m c担 ba短n ve ca叩u tru湛c va淡 hoa誰t 単o辰ng cu短a HH. Mo但 ta短 va辿n ta辿t: Kha湛i nie辰m chung , L嘆ch s旦短, Pha但n loa誰i HH. Nguye但n ly湛 va淡 hoa誰t 単o辰ng ca湛c kho叩i ch旦湛c na棚ng. Gi担湛i thie辰u do淡ng HH Windows NT/2000/XP/2003.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch01-120222192555-phpapp02/85/Ch01-1-320.jpg)
![Ca湛c he辰 gom cu誰m (Clustered Systems) Nhieu ma湛y no叩i ma誰ng 単e奪 cu淡ng th旦誰c hie辰n vie辰c chung Pha但n loa誰i: Gom cu誰m 単o叩i x旦湛ng (Symmetric Clustering): Ca湛c ma湛y ngang ha淡ng ve ch旦湛c na棚ng, Mo達i ma湛y th旦誰c hie辰n phan vie辰c cu短a m狸nh va淡 gia湛m sa湛t la達n nhau. Gom cu誰m phi 単o叩i x旦湛ng (Asymmetric Clustering): Mo辰t ma湛y cha誰y trong Hot Standby Mode , ngh坦a la淡 ch脱 gia湛m sa湛t co但ng vie辰c ca湛c ma湛y kha湛c nh旦ng se探 単a短m 単旦担ng co但ng vie辰c cu短a ma湛y ga谷p s旦誰 co叩. Tham kha短o: T旦誰 d旦誰ng sie但u ma湛y t鱈nh ba竪ng co但ng nghe辰 Cluster: The叩 gi担湛i vi t鱈nh, N.9, 2003, tr.124 ( [email_address] ) La辰p tr狸nh song song tre但n Linux: The叩 gi担湛i vi t鱈nh, N.9, 2003, tr.128 ( [email_address] )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch01-120222192555-phpapp02/85/Ch01-22-320.jpg)
More Related Content
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Ch01 (20)
Recently uploaded (18)
![[PPT11] Bi 7 - 畛c - V t担i v畉n mu畛n m畉....ppt](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ppt11bi7-c-vtivnmunm-250305063122-6e221a47-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
![[PPT11] Bi 7 - 畛c - C Mau qu棚 x畛.pptx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ppt11bi7-c-cmauqux-250305070313-62766c8d-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
Ch01
- 1. HE IEU HANH Gia短ng vie但n: TS To但 Tua叩n, Vie辰n CNTT, BQP E-mail: [email_address] Die達n 単a淡n: http://totuan.one-forum.net Mu誰c tie但u: Cung ca叩p ca湛c kha湛i nie辰m c担 ba短n ve ca叩u tru湛c va淡 hoa誰t 単o辰ng cu短a HH. Mo但 ta短 va辿n ta辿t: Kha湛i nie辰m chung , L嘆ch s旦短, Pha但n loa誰i HH. Nguye但n ly湛 va淡 hoa誰t 単o辰ng ca湛c kho叩i ch旦湛c na棚ng. Gi担湛i thie辰u do淡ng HH Windows NT/2000/XP/2003.
- 2. Y ngh坦a: Hie奪u sa但u nguye但n ly湛 hoa誰t 単o辰ng cu短a Phan c旦湛ng va淡 Phan mem ma湛y t鱈nh. Ho誰c ph旦担ng pha湛p pha但n t鱈ch, thie叩t ke叩 va淡 la辰p tr狸nh mo辰t he辰 tho叩ng l担湛n 単e奪 a湛p du誰ng cho co但ng ta湛c nghie辰p vu誰 sau na淡y. Mo辰t so叩 quan nie辰m sai: Mo但n ho誰c 単担n gia短n , kho但ng co湛 g狸 m担湛i, kho但ng co湛 g狸 単a谷c bie辰t. Mo但n ho誰c chu短 ye叩u la淡 ly湛 thuye叩t , cha炭ng ta湛c du誰ng g狸. Mo但n ho誰c ra叩t kho湛 , kho但ng co湛 ca湛ch na淡o la淡m chu短 単旦担誰c.
- 3. Ta淡i lie辰u tham kha短o: T.S. Tanenbaum. Modern Operating Systems, Prentice-Hall (2001) A. Silberschatz, P.B. Galvin, G. Gagne. Operating System Concepts, John Wiley & Sons (2002) W. Stallings. Operating Systems- Internals & Design, Prentice-Hall (2001) Nha辰p mo但n He辰 単ieu ha淡nh, bie但n soa誰n Le但 Kha辿c Nhie但n An, Khoa CNTT, a誰i ho誰c KHTN, TP. HCM (2003) He辰 単ieu ha淡nh na但ng cao, bie但n soa誰n Tran Ha誰nh Nhi, Khoa CNTT, a誰i ho誰c KHTN, TP. HCM (2003) Nguye達n Ph旦担ng Lan, Hoa淡ng 旦湛c Ha短i, La辰p tr狸nh Linux, Ta辰p 1, NXB Gia湛o du誰c (2001)
- 4. 油
- 5. Ba淡i 1. GII THIEU HE IEU HANH 1.1. 嘆nh ngh坦a he辰 単ieu ha淡nh He辰 単ieu ha淡nh la淡 Ma湛y t鱈nh m担短 ro辰ng ( Extended Machine ) hay Ma湛y t鱈nh a短o ( Virtual Machine ): An ca湛c chi tie叩t cu短a phan c旦湛ng 単e奪 ma湛y t鱈nh de達 s旦短 du誰ng h担n. Ng旦担淡i s旦短 du誰ng va淡 ng旦担淡i la辰p tr狸nh 単旦担誰c cung ca叩p mo辰t giao die辰n 単担n gia短n, de達 hie奪u va淡 kho但ng phu誰 thuo辰c va淡o thie叩t b嘆 cu誰 the奪. Th旦誰c te叩 , HH la淡 mo辰t he辰 tho叩ng bao gom nhieu ma湛y t鱈nh tr旦淡u t旦担誰ng xe叩p tha淡nh nhieu l担湛p chong le但n nhau. Ma湛y t鱈nh m旦湛c d旦担湛i phu誰c vu誰 cho ma湛y t鱈nh m旦湛c tre但n. Ba短n tha但n ch旦担ng tr狸nh 旦湛ng du誰ng cu探ng la淡 mo辰t ma湛y t鱈nh tr旦淡u t旦担誰ng va淡 pha短i de達 s旦短 du誰ng nha叩t. Co但ng vie辰c cu短a ng旦担淡i la辰p tr狸nh la淡 lie但n tu誰c xa但y d旦誰ng ca湛c ma湛y t鱈nh tr旦淡u t旦担誰ng nh旦 va辰y (cho ng旦担淡i kha湛c s旦短 du誰ng va淡 cho ca短 ch鱈nh m狸nh).
- 6. He辰 単ieu ha淡nh la淡 bo辰 qua短n ly湛 ta淡i nguye但n (Resource Manager): a湛p 旦湛ng ca湛c ye但u cau s旦短 du誰ng ta淡i nguye但n thie叩t b嘆 nh旦: CPU, Bo辰 nh担湛 trong, O 単坦a, O ba棚ng, Ma湛y in, Card ma誰ng, ... Trong tr旦担淡ng h担誰p nhieu ch旦担ng tr狸nh , nhieu ng旦担淡i du淡ng cu淡ng chia se短 ca湛c ta淡i nguye但n chung nh旦 va辰y, HH pha短i gia短i quye叩t tranh cha叩p co湛 the奪 xa短y ra va淡 単旦湛ng ra la淡m trung gian 単ieu pho叩i sao cho ta淡i nguye但n 単旦担誰c s旦短 du誰ng 単u湛ng th旦湛 t旦誰, du淡ng xong la誰i 単旦担誰c ca叩p cho 単o叩i t旦担誰ng kha湛c s旦短 du誰ng. H狸nh dung t狸nh huo叩ng: 3 ch旦担ng tr狸nh cu淡ng in ra mo辰t ma湛y in duy nha叩t. Kho湛 cha叩p nha辰n tr旦担淡ng h担誰p 1 trang in xen ke探 nhieu ke叩t qua短 t旦淡 nhieu nguon kha湛c nhau. HH gia短i quye叩t ba竪ng ca湛ch 単旦a ke叩t qua短 in cu短a mo達i ch旦担ng tr狸nh ta誰m th担淡i ra 単坦a c旦湛ng, sau 単o湛 lan l旦担誰t in t旦淡 単坦a va淡o th担淡i 単ie奪m th鱈ch h担誰p.
- 7. KHAI QUAT MOT HE THONG MAY TNH Phan c旦湛ng He辰 単ieu ha淡nh Ca湛c ch旦担ng tr狸nh he辰 tho叩ng va淡 ch旦担ng tr狸nh 旦湛ng du誰ng
- 8. HE THONG MAY TNH TRONG THC TE Ma湛y t鱈nh 0 Ma湛y t鱈nh 1 Ma湛y t鱈nh 2 Ma湛y t鱈nh N-1 Ma湛y t鱈nh N User N kho但ng ha誰n 単嘆nh
- 9. 1.2. L嘆ch s旦短 he辰 単ieu ha淡nh Bo叩n the叩 he辰 pha湛t trie奪n: The叩 he辰 1 (1945 -1955): e淡n 単ie辰n t旦短 - Ba短ng 単ieu khie奪n (Plugboards) The叩 he辰 2 (1955 -1965): Bo湛ng ba湛n da達n - He辰 x旦短 ly湛 lo但 (Batch Systems) The叩 he辰 3 (1965 -1980): Ma誰ch IC - He辰 単a ch旦担ng (Multiprogramming Systems), He辰 chia th担淡i gian (Time-Sharing Systems) The叩 he辰 4 (1980 - 単e叩n nay): Ma誰ch LSI (Large Scale Integration) va淡 Ca湛c he辰 単ieu ha淡nh hie辰n 単a誰i.
- 10. (a, b) Mang ch旦担ng tr狸nh va淡 d旦探 lie辰u d旦担湛i da誰ng ta辰p b狸a 単u誰c lo達 (Punch Cards) t担湛i ma湛y IBM 1401 単e奪 sao sang ba棚ng t旦淡 (c, d) Mang ba棚ng t旦淡 t担湛i IBM 7094 va淡 t鱈nh toa湛n ra ba棚ng ke叩t qua短 (e, f) Mang ba棚ng t旦淡 ke叩t qua短 sang IBM 1401 単e奪 in QUY TRNH X LY LO (Batch System)
- 11. CAU TRUC 1 LO TAC VU So叩 lie辰u Ch旦担ng tr狸nh vie叩t ba竪ng ngo但n ng旦探 Fortran
- 12. MOI THI IEM CH CO 1 TAC VU TRONG BO NH Operating System Job i Bo辰 nh担湛 trong
- 13. HE A CHNG VI 3 TAC VU TRONG BO NH He辰 単a ch旦担ng (Multiprogramming System): Nhieu ta湛c vu誰 (Tie叩n tr狸nh) cu淡ng mo辰t lu湛c trong bo辰 nh担湛 Khi mo辰t ta湛c vu誰 kho但ng can 単e叩n CPU (do pha短i th旦誰c hie辰n I/O v担湛i thie叩t b嘆 ngoa淡i), ta湛c vu誰 kha湛c 単旦担誰c thi ha淡nh.
- 14. He辰 chia th担淡i gian (Time-Sharing System): La淡 he辰 単a ch旦担ng Mo達i ta湛c vu誰 ch脱 単旦担誰c du淡ng CPU trong 1 khoa短ng th担淡i gian nga辿n (v鱈 du誰 v担湛i th担淡i l旦担誰ng la淡 20 ms), sau 単o湛 b嘆 nga辿t, chuye奪n sang ta湛c vu誰 kha湛c, c旦湛 the叩 xoay vo淡ng. Mo達i ng旦担淡i du淡ng 単eu co湛 ca短m gia湛c la淡 ma湛y t鱈nh ch脱 phu誰c vu誰 cho m狸nh la淡 duy nha叩t. V鱈 du誰 t旦淡 単担淡i th旦担淡ng: Trong nha淡 ha淡ng, ng旦担淡i boi ba淡n (CPU) phu誰c vu誰 mo達i ba淡n a棚n (Ch旦担ng tr狸nh ng旦担淡i du淡ng) trong 1 khoa短ng th担淡i gian nga辿n (cha炭ng ha誰n trong 10 gia但y), sau 単o湛 chuye奪n sang ba淡n kha湛c. HE CHIA THI GIAN
- 15. He辰 単ieu ha淡nh 担短 Vie辰t Nam: Ma湛y t鱈nh Minsk-32 ( Lie但n Xo但 ) v担湛i HH 単担n ch旦担ng Dispatcher ta誰i Trung ta但m Toa湛n - Ma湛y t鱈nh, BQP (t旦淡 1974 - 1990) Ma湛y t鱈nh ES-1022 ( Lie但n Xo但 ) v担湛i HH 単a ch旦担ng OS/ES (t旦担ng 単旦担ng v担湛i OS/360 cu短a IBM) ta誰i a誰i ho誰c Ba湛ch khoa Ha淡 No辰i (t旦淡 1986 - 1996) Ma湛y t鱈nh IBM 360/50 v担湛i HH 単a ch旦担ng OS/360 ta誰i Trung ta但m ie辰n toa湛n tie叩p va辰n cu短a Qua但n 単o辰i Sa淡i Go淡n ( t旦淡 1974 ) Ca湛c HH cho ma湛y vi t鱈nh: PC-DOS, MS-DOS, MacOS, OS/2, Windows 9x, Windows NT/2000/XP, RedHat Linux, Linux VN 1.0, VietKey Linux 3.0, ...
- 16. 1.3. Pha但n loa誰i he辰 単ieu ha淡nh Tre但n ca湛c ma湛y l担湛n th担淡i ky淡 単au: Batch Systems Multiprogramming Systems Time-Sharing Systems Tre但n ca湛c ma湛y 単e奪 ba淡n (Desktop Systems) Do淡ng DOS: PC-DOS, MS-DOS Do淡ng UNIX: Unix, Xenix, Aix, Linux Do淡ng Windows: Windows 3.X: Windows 3.1 Windows 9X: Windows 95/98/ME Windows NT: Windows NT/2000/XP/2003
- 17. Ca湛c he辰 単a x旦短 ly湛 (Multiprocessor Systems) Ca湛c he辰 ho達 tr担誰 nhieu CPU, co淡n go誰i la淡 ca湛c he辰 song song (Parallel Systems) ch l担誰i: Ta棚ng tho但ng sua叩t: Ta棚ng so叩 ta湛c vu誰 hoa淡n ta叩t trong 1 単担n v嘆 th担淡i gian Tie叩t kie辰m: Nhieu CPU nh旦ng chung bo辰 nh担湛 va淡 ca湛c thie叩t b嘆 ngoa淡i Ta棚ng 単o辰 tin ca辰y: Ne叩u 1 CPU ga谷p s旦誰 co叩, he辰 va達n cha誰y tuy co湛 cha辰m 単i Pha但n loa誰i: a x旦短 ly湛 単o叩i x旦湛ng (Symmetric Multiprocessing) a x旦短 ly湛 phi 単o叩i x旦湛ng (Asymmetric Multiprocessing)
- 18. A X LY OI XNG Ca湛c CPU chung bo辰 nh担湛 va淡 thie叩t b嘆 Ca湛c CPU ngang ha淡ng ve ch旦湛c na棚ng He辰 単ieu ha淡nh: Solaris, OS/2, Linux Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 Windows 2000 Professional: 2 CPU Windows 2000 Server: 4 CPU Windows 2000 Advanced Server : 8 CPU Windows 2000 Datacenter Server: 32 CPU
- 19. A X LY PHI OI XNG Ca湛c CPU chung bo辰 nh担湛 va淡 thie叩t b嘆 Mo達i CPU 単旦担誰c a叩n 単嘆nh ch旦湛c na棚ng rie但ng: Co湛 CPU chu短 (Master) kie奪m soa湛t toa淡n he辰 tho叩ng Ca湛c CPU kha湛c 単o湛ng vai tro淡 phu誰 thuo辰c (Slaves), chuye但n tra湛ch co但ng vie辰c na淡o 単o湛 Master 単ieu pho叩i va淡 ca叩p pha湛t co但ng vie辰c cho ca湛c Slaves He辰 単ieu ha淡nh: SunOS 4.x
- 20. Ca湛c he辰 pha但n ta湛n (Distributed Systems) No叩i v担湛i nhau qua giao tie叩p ma誰ng Pha但n loa誰i theo khoa短ng ca湛ch: LAN (Local-Area Network): No辰i bo辰 WAN (Wide-Area Network): Die辰n ro辰ng MAN (Metropolitan-Area Network): o但 th嘆 Pha但n loa誰i theo ph旦担ng th旦湛c phu誰c vu誰: File-Server: Ma湛y chu短 kho但ng t鱈nh toa湛n, ch脱 la淡m d嘆ch vu誰 ta辰p tin cho ca湛c ma湛y kha湛c Peer-to-Peer: Ma誰ng ca湛c ma湛y ngang ha淡ng Client-Server: Ma湛y kha湛ch (Client) g旦短i ye但u cau, Ma湛y chu短 (Server) t鱈nh toa湛n va淡 g旦短i tra短 la誰i ke叩t qua短.
- 21. HE THONG CLIENT-SERVER Server: Windows 2000 Server Web Server: IIS (Internet Information Server) Mail Server: Microsoft Exchange 2000 Database Server: SQL Server 2000 Client: Windows 9X, Windows NT Workstation, Windows 2000/XP (Home, Professional) Microsoft BackOffice
- 22. Ca湛c he辰 gom cu誰m (Clustered Systems) Nhieu ma湛y no叩i ma誰ng 単e奪 cu淡ng th旦誰c hie辰n vie辰c chung Pha但n loa誰i: Gom cu誰m 単o叩i x旦湛ng (Symmetric Clustering): Ca湛c ma湛y ngang ha淡ng ve ch旦湛c na棚ng, Mo達i ma湛y th旦誰c hie辰n phan vie辰c cu短a m狸nh va淡 gia湛m sa湛t la達n nhau. Gom cu誰m phi 単o叩i x旦湛ng (Asymmetric Clustering): Mo辰t ma湛y cha誰y trong Hot Standby Mode , ngh坦a la淡 ch脱 gia湛m sa湛t co但ng vie辰c ca湛c ma湛y kha湛c nh旦ng se探 単a短m 単旦担ng co但ng vie辰c cu短a ma湛y ga谷p s旦誰 co叩. Tham kha短o: T旦誰 d旦誰ng sie但u ma湛y t鱈nh ba竪ng co但ng nghe辰 Cluster: The叩 gi担湛i vi t鱈nh, N.9, 2003, tr.124 ( [email_address] ) La辰p tr狸nh song song tre但n Linux: The叩 gi担湛i vi t鱈nh, N.9, 2003, tr.128 ( [email_address] )
- 23. Ca湛c he辰 th担淡i gian th旦誰c (Real-Time Systems) 嘆nh ngh坦a cu短a IEEE: La淡 he辰 tho叩ng v旦淡a pha短i 単u湛ng ve ch旦湛c na棚ng, v旦淡a pha短i 単u湛ng ve th担淡i gian 単a湛p 旦湛ng (Response Time), ngh坦a la淡 pha短i phu誰c vu誰 k嘆p th担淡i. Pha但n loa誰i: Th担淡i gian th旦誰c cha谷t (Hard Real-Time): Trong tr旦担淡ng h担誰p xa叩u nha叩t cu探ng pha短i co湛 th担淡i gian 単a湛p 旦湛ng kho但ng qua湛 gi担湛i tuye叩n (Deadline) 単a探 単嘆nh (v鱈 du誰: 1 gia但y). Qua湛 gi担湛i ha誰n na淡y la淡 ho短ng. Th担淡i gian th旦誰c lo短ng (Soft Real-Time): Trung b狸nh th狸 単a湛p 旦湛ng 単旦担誰c ye但u cau ve th担淡i gian. Trong mo辰t so叩 t狸nh huo叩ng 単a谷c bie辰t, co湛 the奪 cha辰m mo辰t chu湛t ma淡 kho但ng a短nh h旦担短ng 単e叩n toa淡n he辰.
- 24. Ca湛c he辰 cam tay (Handheld Systems) Ca湛c HH cho Thie叩t b嘆 tr担誰 giu湛p ca湛 nha但n PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), ie辰n thoa誰i di 単o辰ng no叩i Internet. Do thie叩t b嘆 co湛 bo辰 nh担湛 nho短 (512 KB 単e叩n va淡i MB), he辰 単ieu ha淡nh pha短i nho短, go誰n, 単u短 ch旦湛c na棚ng 単e叩n to叩i thie奪u. Ca湛c HH tho但ng du誰ng: Palm OS 6.x Symbian OS 9.x, iPhone OS 1.x Windows Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 6.x