1. The document discusses properties of elements in the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionic radius, classification of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
2. Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period and increases down a group as the principal quantum level increases. Ionic radius is measured from the distance between nuclei of bonded ions. The ionic radius of cations decreases as the charge increases, while that of anions increases as the charge increases.
3. Elements are classified based on properties as metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and transition metals. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while nonmetals are typically poor conductors.
1. The document discusses properties of elements in the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionic radius, classification of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
2. Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period and increases down a group as the principal quantum level increases. Ionic radius is measured from the distance between nuclei of bonded ions. The ionic radius of cations decreases as the charge increases, while that of anions increases as the charge increases.
3. Elements are classified based on properties as metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and transition metals. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while nonmetals are typically poor conductors.
6. X
A
Z
犢犖ム犢犖犖巌犖犖萎犖犖 = 犖犖迦犖о P
犖犢犖迦見犖犖園犖犖萎犖犖 = 犖犖迦犖о P + 犖犖迦犖о N
犖犖園犖ム険犖犖犖犢犖犖迦犖
Na
23
11
+
F
19
9
-
Z = P = e-
A = P+N
N = A-Z
犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖 (anion)
犖犖犖迦硯犖萎犖朽犖犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖ム
犖÷顕犖犖犖о犖迦犖犖萎犖伍犖о
Na
23
11
F
19
9
P = 11
e = 11
P = 9
e = 9
P = 11
e = 10
P = 9
e = 10
犖犖園犖ム険犖犖犖犢犖犖巌硯犢犖犖ム元犖∇牽犢 犢犖犖犖犖 (ion)
犖犖萎犖犖÷検犖朽肩犖犖迦犖犖朽犢犖犢犖犖犖ム顕犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犢犖
犖犖謹犖犖迦犖犢犖÷元
犖犖迦犖о犢犖犖犖犖犖 = 犖犖迦犖о犖犖巌犖ム犖犖犖犖犖
犖犖萎犖犖
犖÷元
犖犖犖迦
犢犖÷犢犖犢犖
犖犖ム顕犖
犖犖迦
犢犖犖犢犖
犢犖犖犢犖犖犖犖 (cation)
犖犖犖迦硯犖萎犖朽犖犖犖迦犖犖犖萎犖
犖ム犖犢犖犖∇犖о犖迦犖犖萎犖伍犖о
9. n
ml
l
犖犖ム険犖犖犖迦
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
N
M
L
K
n
1
2
3
4
l
1 0
2 0, 1
3 0, 1, 2
4 0, 1, 2, 3
l 0 1 2 3
orbital s p d f
犖÷元 1 subshell = s
犖÷元 2 subshells = s, p
犖÷元 3 subshells = s, p, d
犖÷元 4 subshells = s, p, d, f
n=1, s
n=2, s, p
n=3, s, p, d
n l ml
1 0 0 s
2 1 -1, 0, +1 p
3 2 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 d
4 3 -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3 f
ms