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NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Authored by Subhajit Sardar
Btech. In Electrical Engineering

What is Network Topology?
A computer network is a collection of two or more
computers which are connected together to share
information and resources
Types Of Topology
❖ Based on geographical
area covered
▪ Local Area Nework (LAN)
▪ Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
▪ Wide Area Network(WAN)
❖ Based on Architecture
▪ Bus Topology
▪ Star Topology
▪ Ring Topology
▪ Tree Topology
▪ Mesh Topology
▪ Hybrid Topology

Bus Topology
A Bus Topology consists of a single cable –called a Bus –
connecting all nodes on a network without intervening
connectivity devices.
Advantages of Bus Topology
• Works well for small networks.
• Relatively inexpensive to implement.
• Easy to expand joining two cables together.
• Used in small network.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
• Management costs can be high.
• Cables fails then whole network fails.
• Cables has a limited length.

Star Topology
A Star network is designed with each node (file server,
workstation,Peripheral) connected directly to a central
network hub or server.
Advantages of Star Topology
• Good option for modern networks.
• Low startup costs.
• Easy to manage.
• Offers opportunites for expansion.
• Most popular topology in use wide variety of equipment
available.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
• Hub is a single point of failure.
• Requires more cable than the bus.
• Cost of installation is high.

Ring Topology
A ring network is one where all workstations and other
devices are connected in a continuous loop. There is no
central server.
Advantages of Ring Topology
• Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or
cable problem.
• Well- suited for transmitting signals over long
distances on a LAN.
• Handles high-volume network traffic.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
• Expensive.
• Requires more cable and network equipment at the start.
• Not used as widely as bus topology.
_Fewer equipment options.
_Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication.

Tree Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are
connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also
called Hierarchical Topology.
Advantages of Tree Topology
• Extension of Bus and Star Topology.
• Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
• Easily managed and maintained.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology
• Heavily cabled.
• Costly.
• If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
• Central hub fails,network fails.

Mesh Topology
It is a point–to-point connection to other nodes or
devices. Traffic is carried only between two devices
or nodes to which it is connected. Mesh has n(n-
2)/2 physical channels to link hn devices.
Advantages of Mesh Topology
• Each connection can carry its own data load.
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provide security and privacy.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
• Installation and configuration is difficult.
• Cabling cost is more.
• Bulk wiring is required.

Hybrid Topology
Its is the mixture of two or more topologies.Therefore it is called
Hybrid Topology. A Hybrid Topology combines characteristics of
linear bus and Star and/or Ring Topologies.
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
• Reliable as error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
• Effective.
• Scalable as size can be increased easily.
• Flexible.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
• Complex in design.
• Costly.

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