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CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
- 2. ABSTACT As the communication between different cultures is becoming more and more frequent, the competence of cross-cultural awareness and collaboration is emerging as a key ability in the 21st century. Face to face communication is the most efficient way to cultivate the competence of cross-cultural awareness and collaboration.
- 3. INTRODUCTION Culture is the way of thinking and behaviour shaped by the members of a community. Hall (1959) equates culture with communication: Culture is communication and communication is culture. Every culture is unique and is made up of ideals, values, beliefs, traditions. Understanding how culture communicates, allows people to convey messages as intended and helps to find their identity in differences. It also defines how the members interact with each other on a base of common identity
- 4. Cultural studies cover the areas of anthropology, high culture, and pop culture. Anthropology is the study of cultural meanings, including norms and values. High culture refers to cultural by-products like art, music, and literature to name a few, and pop culture refers to contemporary art and trends. All communications take place in a human environment, and the communicative behaviour of the people including their selection of means of communication and content is influenced by the context of the communicator.
- 5. CULTURE Group which shapes a persons values and identity. Culture is formed Race Ethnicity Gender Class & Religion Country of origin Geographic region
- 6. 6FUNDAMENTALPATTERNSOFCULTURAL DIFFERENCES Different Communication Styles Different Attitude towards Conflicts Different Approaches in Completing Tasks Different Decision Making Styles Different Attitudes towards Disclosure Different Approaches to Knowing
- 7. COMMUNICATION Draws on speech patterns, language and non-verbal messages. Interactive.
- 8. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate across cultures.
- 10. Important to companies due to the growth of global business, technology, and the Internet. Understanding of how people from different cultures speak, communicate, and perceive the world around them. Language differences, High-Context vs. Low- Context cultures, Non-Verbal differences, and power distance are major factors affect cross- cultural communication.
- 11. WHYISITIMPORTANT? Business Opportunities Job Opportunities Globalization Sharing of views and ideas Talent Improvisation Understanding of Diverse Market
- 12. Cross-culturalMiscommunications Cross-cultural communication issues might be many, but they all point down to the fact that the message is not delivered across. In worst cases, it might end up in misunderstanding. For instance, a joke might be misinterpreted leading to confusion and humiliation during a presentation in a multicultural setting. The cultural values are the main source of cross-cultural differences in a multicultural setting. Values that form the core of the culture includes communication patterns like etiquette, personal space, and touch, time orientation, meaning of work, socioeconomic status, education, clothing, hygiene, family orientations, interpersonal relationships ranging from kinships and rivalries, moral, religious beliefs , and personal traits. The value systems in different cultures serve as a mechanism of social control by determining the behaviours of the group.
- 13. HighVs Low-Context Cultures High-Context Cultures : Cultures that rely heavily on non-verbal & subtle situational cues in communication. Ex: North America, Western Europe. Low-Context Cultures : Cultures that rely heavily on words to convey meaning in communication. Ex: Middle East.
- 15. VERBALCOMMUNICATION Use of sounds and words to express yourself. Includes Face-Face Communication Telephone Communication Radio / TV
- 16. NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION Communication through sending and receiving wordless clues. Includes Eye-contact Gestures Touch Voice (paralanguage)
- 17. EYE-CONTACT Some cultures, looking people in the eyes is honesty and straight forwardness & in others it is seen as challenging and rude.
- 18. In US, if you have good eye contact with a person, it generally signifies that you are interested in the person. In Middle East, eye contact is much less common and considered less appropriate. In many Asian, African and Latin American cultures, extended eye contact can be taken as an affront or a challenge of authority. In Western Europe, it is considered proper and polite to maintain almost constant eye contact with another person.
- 19. GESTURES A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
- 21. TOUCH Islam & Hinduism : Touching with left hand is insulting.
- 22. COLOURS A single color can have many different meanings in different cultures. In Asia orange is a positive, spiritually enlightened, and life-affirming color. In US it is a color of road hazards, traffic delays, and fast-food restaurants. Green is considered the traditional colour of Islam. It is also the national colour of Egypt.
- 23. Green is a symbol of Ireland; green is a strong trend in the Irish holiday St. Patricks Day. White is the traditional colour of bridal dresses in Western cultures. China: blue-coloured gifts are associated with death.
- 24. CLOTHING Traditional clothing is an important part of a regions history and identity. Men tend not to wear suit jackets and ties in Colombia and the Middle East. The traditional dress for an Indian woman is a Sari. Gulf countries women's have to wear Pardha & compulsory for every women who visits Saudi. Western Countries, the women's can wear what they want.
- 26. greeting Bow is the customary greeting in Japan. Westerners always start with a handshake. Most Latinos are more accustomed to physical contact. Even people who know each other only slightly may embrace when greeting. People from France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal greet friends by kissing on both cheeks. Indians usually collide their hands for greeting others.
- 29. It arises because of the difference in value and norms of behaviour from different cultures. So this situation create misunderstanding and lead to conflict.
- 30. Different situations Misunderstanding or conflict between different nationalities, religious or ethnic groups. Cultural ignorance and insensitivity. Lack of awareness of social life style practises. Miscommunication and misinterpretation. Perception of illness and treatment.
- 31. BLOCKS TOCULTURALCOMMUNICATION 1. Ethnocentrism : Inability to accept another cultures world view. Ex: my way is the best way 2. Discrimination : Treatment to an individual due to minority status, actual & perceived. Ex: we just aren't equipped to serve people like that. 3. Stereotyping: Generalizing about a person. Ex: shes like that because she is Asian
- 32. 4. Cultural Blindness: Differences are ignored & ne proceeds though differences did not exist. Ex: there is no need to worry about a persons culture 5. Cultural Imposition: Belief that everyone should conform to majority. Ex: we know what's best for you, if you dont like it you can go elsewhere 6. Tone Difference: Formal tone change becomes embarrassing & off-putting in some culture.
- 33. IMPROVINGCROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Overcome Ethnocentrism Recognize Cultural Variation Learn about Cultures Remove Language Barrier Help others adapt to our culture Write & speak clearly Improve Communication Skill Listen Carefully Respect Style Preferences
- 34. StrategiesFORsuccessfulCROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION 1. Slow Down 2. Avoid Negative Questions 3. Separate Questions 4. Take Turns 5. Write it Down 6. Be Supportive 7. Check Meanings 8. Avoid Slang
- 35. 9. Maintain Etiquette 10. Watch the Humor