Education in Ghana (1)
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Ghana has a 6-3-3-4 education system consisting of 6 years of primary school, 3 years of junior high school, 3 years of senior high school, and 4 years of university education. The document analyzes the potential for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in basic and senior high schools in Ghana. It finds that facilities, sanitation/waste management, and curriculum development have the highest marketability for PPPs at both school levels. While both school levels are suitable for PPPs, senior high school has a slightly higher potential with an average marketability rating of 2.4 compared to 2.1 for basic schools. The conclusion advocates for a larger role of government in education policy, coordination
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Education in Ghana (1)
- 1. EDUCATION IN GHANA: Feasibility of PPP in Senior High and Basic School Levels 1
- 2. ABOUT GHANA LOCATION: West Africa AREA: 239,460 square kilometres INDEPENDENCE March 6, 1987 LANGUAGE: English, Twi, Ewe, Fante, Brong, Dagomba CITIES: Accra, Ghanas capital city POPULATION: 24,300,000 LANDSCAPE: Mostly low plains x Adult literacy (24+) Youth literacy (15-24) Av M F Av M F 2000 57.9 66.4 49.8 70.7 75.9 65.4 2010 71.5 78.3 65.3 85.7 88.3 83.2 2015(Projected) 76.3 81.5 71.0 90.6 91.3 89.9 "Adult and youth literacy: National, regional and global trends, 1985-2015" (PDF). UNESCO-UIS. June 2013. p. 51 (Table 6). Retrieved 19 November 2015. 2
- 3. Ghanas education system is characterized in principle by a binary structure, with universities on the one hand and polytechnics on the other hand. Since the reforms introduced in 1987, the education system has had a 6+3+3+4 structure. This means 6 years of primary education, followed by two 3-year stages of secondary education (junior secondary and senior secondary) and 4 years of higher education (bachelors degree programmes). 3
- 6. 8 out of 10 pupils stay in school for the free meal 6 Education at the Basic Level is free and Compulsory
- 7. Unbundling Senior High Education Recruitment of Teachers Teaching & Learning Materials Training of Teachers Facilities Waste Management Accommodation Feeding Institutional Capacity Curriculum Development Regulation Tuition 7 School Uniforms Maintenance
- 8. http://ghana.usembassy.gov/education-of-ghana.html 43Only students gain entrance into 500 public and 200 private SHS 8
- 9. Marketability Assessment of Basic Schools Core Function/Major Component Marketability Potential for Partnership (Average of the ratings) Potential for Competition Potential for Cost Recovery Nature of Good or Service Externalities Equity Concerns Nutrition 3 3 3 2 3 2.8 Facilities 3 3 3 2 2 2.6 Sanitation 1 1 2 2 1 1.4 Stationary 3 3 3 1 1 2.2 Development of Curriculum 3 3 2 2 2 2.4 Regulation 1 1 1 1 3 1.4 Examination 3 3 3 3 1 2.6 Capacity Building 3 3 3 3 2 2.8 Utilities 3 3 3 3 2 2.8 Health Care 1 1 3 2 1 1.6 Examination 1 1 2 1 1 1.2 Maintenance 3 3 3 2 3 2.8
- 10. 10 Core Function/Major Component Marketability Potential for Partnership (Average of the ratings) Potential for Competition Potential for Cost Recovery Nature of Good or Service Externalities Equity Concerns Own Criteria Feeding 3 2 3 1 2 2.2 Facilities 3 3 3 1 3 2.6 Waste Management 3 3 3 1 2 2.4 Training of Teachers 3 3 3 2 2 2.6 Teaching and Learning materials 3 2 2 2 2 2.2 Development of Curriculum 3 3 3 3 3 3 Tuition 1 1 1 1 3 1.4 Regulation (conduct) 1 1 1 1 3 1.4 Recruitment of Teachers 3 3 3 3 1 2.6 Administration/Institutional Capacity 3 3 3 3 2 2.8 Maintenance 3 3 3 3 2 2.8
- 11. 11
- 12. what will make BS more marketable???/ all stakeholders 12
- 13. These Services have the highest Marketability at both Levels Facilities allocation, construction and maintenance Sanitation/Waste Management 13 Curriculum development, implementation and reforms
- 14. BS 2.1 Both Levels are ripe for PPP SHS 2.4 14 PPP
- 15. Thinking PPP outside the box 49.5% 28.6% 22% Ghana Statistical Services, 2013 GDP contribution by Sector 15 Services Agriculture Industry Using Policy to initiate Partnership in Education. Expecting more from the Rich?
- 16. CONCLUSION After a decade where there has been a focus on reducing the role of government in the Economy, there is now recognition that a smaller role for government in the direct provision of services may mean a bigger role for government in policy development, coordination and regulation Batley, R. and Larbi, G. (2004) The Changing Role of Government: the Reform of Public Services in Developing Countries, Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire, Chap. 6. 16
- 17. EDUCATION IN GHANA GROUP 27 AKUA AFRIYIE ASUBONTENG DZIFA ADZO KPODO AKWASI ACHEAMPONG ENOCH ACHEAMPONG AFFUM BEVERLY AKOMEA BONSU GROUP 28 JACQUELINE SARFO-DIKOH JACQUELINE BUADEE HOPE BOYE AGBAH FREDA AKAMIE AMINZIA LATIFATU ADAM 17
Editor's Notes
- #6: Major Components Description/Characteristics Capacity Building The Central Government (CG) provides training, licensing and Recruiting of personnel with funds from the public taxes. However, other Private entities (Churches) own Training Colleges but Licensing and recruitment are exclusively done by Government. Facilities The allocation, construction and maintenance of facilities in Basic schools are provided by Central Government from taxpayers money. Some educational facilities have been provided under the Millennium Challenge Account and other donor programs for certain schools. Utilities The Local Government centrally does the provision of utilities such as Water, Electricity and Telecom to Basic Schools. This service is financed with taxes. Examination Examination and Placement of pupils in schools with taxes at the National Level. Stationary The provision of teaching and learning materials is by Central Government in partnership with private suppliers. Public funds are used to procure these materials. Some NGOs also donate such stationary. Sanitation and Healthcare The provision and payment of In-house health practitioners and for medical supplies is by Government. Both liquid and solid wastes are managed by the LG as well.
- #7: Nutrition The School Feeding Program under the Government feeds the pupils in Basic Schools. This is also financed by public funds. Regulation The control of Basic Education is under the auspices of the Local Government. Curriculum The Ghana Education Service (GES) under Ministry of Education develops and implements of Syllabus for the Basic Schools.
- #8: Major Components Description/Characteristics Accommodation The government provides students with accommodation facilities on campus (boarding house). However, some students also attend school from home daily (day students). Service is paid by parents and subsidized by government. Teachers are also provided accommodation mostly by the government or by the school Feeding This is paid for by parents and subsidized by government Facilities Government provides these through the Ministry of Education Waste Management This is contextual but most schools treat this by themselves Training of Teachers This is done by government through the Ministry of Education Teaching and Learning materials Provided by government and complemented by parents Recruitment of Teachers Government recruits the teachers
- #9: Transportation Provided by government, Parents and Alumni School Uniforms Provided by the school and paid for by parents Curriculum Reforms Provided by government Tuition Tuition is paid for by government and therefore free for the public Regulation Regulated by government through the responsible Ministry (Strengthen school management and accountability) Recruitment of Teachers Government recruits the teachers Administration/Institutional Capacity Capacity building of teachers. Eg; managerial skills etc.