Group 3 Assignment 2 Version 1.3
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The document analyzes the actors involved in the Delft Central Railroad Tunnel project. The critical actors identified are the Second Chamber, Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment, Dutch Railways (NS), Delft Municipality, and Ballast Nedam developer. The Second Chamber approved funding for doubling rail capacity. The Ministry aims to improve rail transport cheaply. NS wants added tracks but lacks tunnel funds. The Municipality lobbied for the tunnel due to noise and development. Ballast Nedam seeks profit from associated property development.
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Group 3 Assignment 2 Version 1.3
- 1. DELFT CENTRAL: RAILROAD TUNNEL ANALYSIS OF ACTORS Group 3 Shimul Sen Akwasi Acheampong Prachi Jha Eric Ologi Juma Jan Michael De Leon Manace Castory Nkuli
- 2. Outline Identification of Actors Critical Actors Resources Perception Timeline Delft is located directly on the busy connection between Amsterdam-The Hague-Rotterdam
- 3. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Delft Rail Road Actors Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS
- 4. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Delft Rail Road Critical Actors
- 5. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Critical Actors Second Chamber Resource: Legitimacy Wants to double the capacity of Delft railroad Approved budget allocation for the tunnel
- 6. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Critical Actors Ministry Resource: Capital, Knowledge, Legitimacy Aims to achieve the goals of the national transport plan Wants to improve Delft rail thru cheapest way
- 7. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Critical Actors NS Resource: Capital, Knowledge Aims to build railroad but lacks budget for tunnel Increased profit from added tracks and capacity
- 8. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Critical Actors Municipality Resource: Land, Knowledge, Legitimacy Wants tunnel due to noise pollution, environment and property devt Lobbied for more allocation
- 9. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Critical Actors Ballast Nedam Resource: Capital, Knowledge Wants profit from property devt Strengthen network via govt connection
- 10. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Critical Actors Citizens Resource: Legitimacy Lobbied for construction of railroad Contributed funds Wants mobility and accessibility Increased land value, attracts business
- 11. Timeline 1988 NS approached Municipality proposing to expand rail capacity via overpass 1990 Municipality expressed preference for a tunnel 1993 Municipality contacted Ballast Nedam for development ideas 1998 Ministry awarded Municipality and Ballast Nedam project via STIR 1999 National Government reserved 174M Euros for the tunnel thru MIT 2000 Extra 280M guilders was allocated from the national budget for the tunnel
- 12. Timeline 2001 Municipality invested 100M from its budget, Citizens gave 20M 2001 Irritation bet Municipality and Ministry due to request of addl 150M 2003 When project was put on hold, citizens organized and lobbied for tunnel 2004 Minister made financial reservation for the project 2006 Municipality approved final proposal 2007 Ministry provided finances to start the construction of the tunnel
- 13. Delft Rail Road Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties BUDGET COMPANY OWNERS Relationship 2nd Chamber Ministry NS Municipality 1990s
- 14. Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties 1990s CONCEPT PROPOSED PLANS TO DELFT RAIL 21 PLANS F/S Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Railned DEVT PROPOSAL
- 15. Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties 2000-2006 APPROVAL SPOORTUNNEL: LOBBIED FOR FUND ALLOCATION Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF MAKE LAW MADE BY MINISTRY TO OVERSEE INFRA DEVT
- 16. Delft Rail Road Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden Regional Body Rotterdam Regional Body South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Railned 2008 RISK ASSESSMENT
- 17. Railned Mecanoo Architects, Combinatie Crommedijk VOF Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ballast Nedam, Developer Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Delft Rail Road Thank you! Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Busquets, Architect Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra- Management, NS
- 18. ROLES OF CRITICAL ACTORS (DELFT CASE) ACTORS CAPITAL LAND COMPETENCE KNOWLEDGE LEGITIMACY DEGREE OF INFLUENCE DUTCH RAILWAYS (NS) 5 1 5 3 3 3.4/5 (68%) DELFT MUNICIPALITY 3 5 4 3 5 4/5 (80%) MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT 5 1 5 5 4 4/5 (80%) PRIVATE & PROJECT DEVELOPERS 4 1 5 5 2 3.4/5 (68%) RESIDENTS 2 2 1 1 4 2/5 (40%)
- 19. Discussion Municipality NS Dutch Together with the ministry develop the plans? Ministry of Improve transportation thru cheaper way Housing conflict with the ministry of infrastructure Worked together
- 20. Discussion Municipality decided to sell devt rights to ballast Compromise so project can be done Noise and environmental Second Chamber - Ministry NS and Municipality Municipality and Ballast have same goal with tunnel and 1600 houses developed Win win situation for Municipality and Ballast Create relationship from the city, create networks from the govt, now profit
- 21. Discussion Residents were surveyed by municipality 33% agreed consent. Gave 20M Land values increased. Business. mobility. Accessibility. Attract investment and competitiveness. Land is owned by municipality.
- 22. Notes In 1988, Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the Dutch Railway company, approached the city of Delft with proposals to expand the rail capacity through the center of Delft as a part of the expansion plans formulated in a document known as Rail 21 In 1990, the municipal council expressed its preference for a tunnel and unanimously rejected a second overpass In 1991 a policy study known in Dutch policy as Structuurvisie(Structure Sketch) was published In 1992 the city of Delft accepted the Strucuurvisie and thus the idea that the rail system should be in a tunnel As early as 1993, the municipality contacted the developer, Ballast Nedam for ideas about the area. In 1995 this private company presented the municipality with an updated version of the study by Frits Palmboom. The study confirmed that the area would provide opportunities for the development of a large number of houses (1600) and offices (60,000 square meters). In 1998, Delfts lobbying payed off. The Ministry of Housing, Planning and the Environment awarded the plan of the municipality and Ballast Nedam as an exemplary project within the so-called STIR program, a program aimed at stimulation of Intensive Use of existing public space in the urban areas Early in 1999, the national government reserved 174 million Euros for the tunnel in the national program known as the MIT (Multi-Year Program for Infrastructure and Transport) By now the city of Delft, with use of the STIR funds, had assigned the Spanish urban architect Busquets to develop a design for the area. He presented his proposal in 1999 Real construction of the rail tunnel project and the realization of the city development above it came a step closer in 2000 when an extra 280 million guilders was allocated from the national budget for the tunnel in Delft. This money came available in the context of national plans to improve accessibility of the Dutch greater urban area known as the Randstad. Thus, the total amount reserved in the MIT (multiple year program for infrastructure and transport) for Delft amounted to 640 million guilders. In 2000, the municipality of Delft indicated the willingness to invest 100 million out of its budget to realize the tunnel. This decision was confirmed by the municipal council in 2001
- 23. Notes The project is also supported by the Delft population as is clear from a penny project the municipality organized after the municipality received 120 million generated from the sale of shares in the electrical company of South Holland in 1999. During the discussion about the use of these funds, citizens could indicate their preferences. The tunnel project received substantial support. Citizens gave almost 20 million guilders for the tunnel and 33% of those surveyed considered the project important there was some mild irritation between Delft and the Ministry when Delft attempted to convince the Second Chamber in November 2001 that another 150 million would make the first step toward the construction of a tunnel possible In mid 2001, Ballast and Delft published a report concerning the public transportation bottleneck, combining various aspects of research (railway, station, surrounding area) In February of 2002, a process agreement was signed. The public parties involved (VROM, Province of South Holland, City District Haaglanden, and the municipality of Delft) acknowledged the noise issue and the degree to which the rail overpass functioned as a barrier between the two parts of the city When in 2003 the national government decided to shift priorities to the maintenance of the existing tracks in the Netherlands, the tunnel project in Delft, which was now known as spoorzone (railzone), was put on hold As a result residents of the area organized themselves in the group Spoortunnel Delft NU(railwaytunnel Delft NOW) and started to gather support for their cause. As a result of the ongoing lobby for the tunnel, the House of Representatives (in the Netherlands more commonly known as the Second Chamber) urged, in a motion to the responsible minister, to allocate budget for the realization of the tunnel, to be spent from 2010 onwards Minister Carla Peijs announced in 2004 that she would make a financial reservation for the tunnel project
- 24. Notes In 2006,the final proposals were officially approved by the municipal council of Delft and a so-called development company was set up In 2007, the minister for Infrastructure and Environment provided the financial input to being digging the tunnel In 2008 the Municipality of Delft claimed that a reassessment of the risks and responsibilities for the project was needed. As a result of what was decided in 2005, the municipality had become the main responsible body and carried the most of the (financial) risks involved in this huge construction project. However, since the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment decided in 2007 to enlarge the project to 4 tubes instead of 2, the Municipality urged the Ministry to share the risk. In 2007 Mecanoo architects were assigned to design the railway station and office building while the Combinatie Crommedijk VOF received the rights to build the tunnel. In 2009 the actual building of the tunnel complex began.
- 28. THE ACTORS (Delft Central /Tunnel Project) The Dutch Railway Company(NS) The Delft Municipality The Ministry of Infrastructure & Environment -Public Works and Water Management -Housing Planning and Environment Private Developer and Project Managers Citizens/Residents
- 29. PERCEPTION (FRAMES OF ACTORS) 1995: The Municipality contracted a Developer, Ballast Nedam for the ideas about the project. This was based on the updated version of Frist Palmboom: 1600 houses and 60,000sq meters offices Mid 1998: A stronger network was established between Delft and the developer(Ballast Nedam). Cooperation and integration of the original development plan for the Catchment area(Central Station Delft)
- 30. PERCEPTION OF ACTORS (DELFT CASE) What made Ballast an important Actor in the Development process? -Acceptance of contracting rules -Acquisition of plots of land at Market value. -Delft &Ballast Maintained a stronger network through the several alternatives for the Rail station and Architectural Bureau. 1998 There was an amendment of the development plan between the Municipality and Ballast by the Ministry of Housing ,Planning and Environment: -Intensify the existing public space and use areas. -Financed through PPP -Construction of the development of the area above the Tunnel.
- 31. PERCEPTION OF ACTORS (DELFT CASE) 1999:Reorientation of Government concerning the Tunnel Project The National Government resereved 74million euros -National Program(mit) by Railine(Prorail) -Prorail was responsible for the maintenance and control of track system whereas the Dutch Railways operate and conducted study into the need for 4track system near Delft. 2000: The Project saw another phase by Delft Municipality to Busquets, Urban Designer: -General vision involving all stakeholders at different levels of interest and power.(Home-owners, Private parties) -Financed through PPP at Cost of (1.1 billion guilders)
- 32. PERCEPTION OF ACTORS (DELFT CASE) 2000: Municipality of Delft showed the willingness of investing in the project 100million was realized and confirmed in 2001 Citizens also gave 20million guilders and 33% interest was shown in the project through a survey. 2002: There was a collaboration between the Ministry of Infrastructure and environment and NS , hence attention was shifted from the Delft Municipality.(Issue of mistrust or delay?)
Editor's Notes
- #4: Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), Dutch Railway Company Delft Municipality Ministry of Housing, Planning and the Environment Ministry of Public Works and Water Management Ministry for Infrastructure and Environment Second Chamber, Dutch House of Representatives Engr. Palmboom SOVI, Steering Group Ballast Nedam, Developer Busquets, Architect Citizens, Homeowners, Private Parties Hoogstad, Architectural Bureau Haaglanden City District Rotterdam City District South Holland Provincial Govt Rail Infra-Management, NS
- #6: The Rail 21 plan had been approved by the Dutch House of Representatives (known in the Netherlands as the second chamber) and, among other things, formulated the ambition to double the number of travellers using public transport. As a result of the ongoing lobby for the tunnel, the House of Representatives (in the Netherlands more commonly known as the Second Chamber) urged, in a motion to the responsible minister, to allocate budget for the realization of the tunnel, to be spent from 2010 onwards