Energy!
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Energy is the ability to do work and cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed forms. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the body's energy currency and is produced in cells to power activities through breaking phosphate bonds which release energy. The three energy systems are: 1) ATP-PCr system which uses creatine phosphate for immediate energy over 3-15 seconds, 2) Glycolytic system which uses glycogen for short term higher intensity energy over minutes, and 3) Oxidative system which requires oxygen for long term lower intensity energy by breaking down glucose and fatty acids through several cycles.
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The document discusses the different energy systems - phosphagen, lactic acid, and oxidative systems - that provide energy for exercise of varying intensities and durations, with phosphagen supporting intense bursts under 10 seconds, lactic acid taking over for activity up to 90 seconds, and oxidative fueling longer moderate exercise. Carbohydrates serve as the primary fuel for intense exercise while fats support lower intensity exercise. Aerobic exercise involves large muscle groups for 15+ minutes at 60-80% max heart rate while anaerobic is short and intense like sprinting or weightlifting.perkembangan otot melalui latihan
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1. The body uses three main energy systems - ATP-PCr, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation - to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into ATP for energy.
2. The ATP-PCr system provides energy for up to 15 seconds, glycolysis for up to 2 minutes, and oxidative phosphorylation can provide steady energy for hours by breaking down fuels in the mitochondria.
3. Carbohydrates yield about 32 ATP per molecule, while fats yield over 100 ATP, making fats a more efficient long-term fuel though slower to break down. Protein is rarely used as a fuel source.Aerobic system
Aerobic systemNick Robinson
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The document discusses the aerobic system of energy production for exercise. It involves 3 main stages: 1) Glycolysis, 2) Krebs cycle, and 3) Electron transport chain. During these stages, glycogen and fats are broken down to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The aerobic system is efficient and can sustain low to moderate exercise for long periods due to high oxygen availability and energy yield.Effect of ex. on metabolism
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The document discusses the three main energy systems - ATP-PCr, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation - that provide energy for exercise, noting that intense short exercise relies more on ATP-PCr and glycolysis while prolonged less intense exercise relies more on fat and carbohydrate oxidation via the oxidative system. It also explains the metabolic pathways that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to generate ATP during exercise via aerobic and anaerobic processes depending on the availability of oxygen.NDD30503: NUTRITION FOR SPORTS AND EXERCISE
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The document summarizes three major energy systems - creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation - that provide energy for exercise. It describes the specific characteristics of each system, including their speed of action, amount of ATP replenished, and duration of action. The creatine phosphate system is very fast acting but can only replenish a small amount of ATP for a very short duration. The anaerobic glycolysis system is faster than oxidative phosphorylation but produces lactic acid as a byproduct. Oxidative phosphorylation can replenish large amounts of ATP but is the slowest acting of the three systems.Energy systems
Energy systemsKS16196941
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The document discusses the three energy systems that provide energy for physical activity:
1. The immediate/creatine phosphate system provides energy for high-intensity bursts up to 10 seconds through breaking down creatine phosphate without oxygen. It is used in sprints.
2. The short-term/lactic acid system works anaerobically for 2-3 minutes at higher intensities through glycogen breakdown, producing lactic acid. It is used in events like 400m.
3. The long-term/aerobic system works aerobically over 3+ minutes at lower intensities through glycogen and oxygen breakdown, producing the most ATP. It is used in endurance sports.Recently uploaded (12)
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LPU (Lovely Professional University) offers scholarships for sports persons to encourage and support their participation in various sports activities. These scholarships are designed to provide financial assistance to deserving athletes, helping them balance their academic and athletic pursuits. The benefits include:
Tuition Fee Waiver: Sports scholarships often provide a partial or full waiver on tuition fees based on the level of achievement and performance in sports.
Accommodation and Mess Charges: Some scholarships also cover accommodation and mess charges, reducing the overall cost of living on campus.
Priority in Admissions: Athletes may receive priority during the admission process, making it easier to secure a seat.
Training Facilities: LPU provides state-of-the-art training facilities for athletes, ensuring they have access to the best infrastructure.
Coaching Support: You may receive specialized coaching and mentoring from experienced trainers and coaches to enhance your performance.
Participation in Competitions: Scholarships may cover the cost of participation in national and international competitions, providing exposure and opportunities for further growth.
Career Opportunities: Apart from financial benefits, sports scholarships can open doors to future career opportunities in sports-related fields.Energy!
- 1. ENERGY! Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work. It also cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. (whatis.techtarget.com/definition/energy) In a closed system energy cannot be gained or lost, although during sporting activities it may seem like it has been lost but in fact it has changed form into another type of energy. (http://www.topendsports.com/biometrics/energy.htm
- 2. ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the bodys energy currency An ATP molecule consists of adenosine and 3 (tri) inorganic phosphate ATP is produced in the bodys cells and it is used to power almost all of your activities such as: growth and development, repair, muscle contraction and the transport of various substances between cells. When water is added to ATP it forms adenosine diphosphate (ADP this means there is only 2 inorganic phosphate groups), when water is added the last phosphate group splits away, breaking the bond releasing energy, forming ADP.
- 3. The 3 Energy Systems The ATP-PCr System the immediate energy system (Creatine Phosphate System) The Glycolytic system the short term energy system (Lactic acid energy system) The Oxidative System the long term energy system (Aerobic energy system)
- 4. The ATP-PCr System This is the quickest access to energy, as it is available without the presence of oxygen, this form of energy is stored in the muscle, therefore its available in an instance. ADP + PCr = ATP +Cr (adenosine diphosphate + creatine phosphate = adenosine triphosphate + creatine) During the first 5 seconds of exercise regardless of the intensity the ATP-PCr is relied on almost exclusively, however the ATP concentration only lasts a few seconds with PCr buffering the drop in ATP for another 5-8 seconds, combined the ATP-PCr system can sustain all-out exercise for 3-15 seconds. (http://www.sport- finess-advisor.com/energysytems.html)
- 5. The Glycolytic System This system takes longer to be available, because it uses glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles, yet this system is used for higher intensity and for a longer period of time. This system also is made without the presence of oxygen, this is also used at the beginning of exercise when the intensity is higher than the aerobic capacity. Although if after you have used all of this up if you just stand still then it can take up to 8 minutes to fully recover, whereas if you jog/ walk then you should be able to recover in around 4-5 minutes. Glycogen or glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Reduction (gain H+) Lactic acid
- 6. The Oxidative System This is the only system that requires oxygen. This system is required for exercise over a minute, it is used for lower intensity exercise. The oxidative system is made over long periods of time. The oxidative system consists of 4 processes to produce ATP: Slow glycolysis This is exactly the exact same series of reactions as fast glycolysis, the difference is that the end product pyruvic acid is converted into a substance called acetyl coenzyme A instead of lactic acid Kerbs cycle This cycle is a complex series of chemical reactions that continue the oxidation of glucose which was started during glycolysis. Acetyl coenzyme A enters the kerbs cycle and is broken down into CO2 and hydrogen allowing two more ATPs to be formed Electron transport Hydrogen is carried to the electron transport chain, here it combines with oxygen to from water this prevents acidification Beta oxidation Lipolysis is the term used to describe the breakdown of fat into the more basic units of glycerol and free fatty acids. Before these fatty acids can enter the kerbs cycle they must undergo a process of beat oxidation, which is a series of reations to further reduce free fatty acids to Acetyl coenzyme A and hydrogen. Glycogen or glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Reduction (gain H+) Lactic acid Kerbscycle Oxygen + ADP ATP + carbon dioxide + water