Fileorganization AbnMagdy
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The document discusses four types of file organization: serial, sequential, indexed sequential, and direct access/random access. Serial files store records in the order they are received with no particular sequence. Sequential files store records in key sequence and require creating a new file when adding or deleting records. Indexed sequential files add an index to a sequential file to allow both sequential and random access by key. Direct access files store records at known addresses to allow directly accessing any record.
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The document discusses features of good filing systems and procedures. It notes that filing systems should allow information to be easily found and accessed when needed. A good system is tidy, safe, and able to adapt to future needs. Documents should be filed daily according to procedures like checking for release marks and using cross-reference cards. Electronic filing also allows quick access and editing of information but has disadvantages like potential data loss issues. Security measures like backups, access restrictions, and data protection laws help safeguard important information.Ad
Fileorganization AbnMagdy
- 2. TYPES OF FILE ORGANIZATION Serial Sequential Indexed Sequential Direct Access /Random Access
- 3. Serial File Organization A collection of records No particular sequence Cannot be used as master Used as temporary transaction file Records stored in the order received
- 4. Sequential File Organization A collection of records Stored in key sequence Adding/deleting record requires making new file Used as master files
- 6. Advantages Simple file design Very efficient when most of the records must be processed e.g. Payroll Very efficient if the data has a natural order Can be stored on inexpensive devices like magnetic tape.
- 7. Disadvantages Entire file must be processed even if a single record is to be searched. Transactions have to be sorted before processing Overall processing is slow
- 8. Indexed sequential file Each record of a file has a key field which uniquely identifies that record. An index consists of keys and addresses. An indexed sequential file is a sequential file (i.e. sorted into order of a key field) which has an index. A full index to a file is one in which there is an entry for every record.
- 10. Indexed sequential file Indexed sequential files are important for applications where data needs to be accessed..... sequentially randomly using the index.
- 11. Indexed sequential file An indexed sequential file can only be stored on a random access device e.g. magnetic disc, CD.
- 12. Advantages Provides flexibility for users who need both type of accesses with the same file Faster than sequential
- 13. Disadvantages Extra storage space for the index is required
- 14. Direct (Random) File Organization Records are read directly from or written on to the file. The records are stored at known address. Address is calculated by applying a mathematical function to the key field.
- 15. Direct (Random) File Organization A random file would have to be stored on a direct access backing storage medium e.g. magnetic disc, CD, DVD Example : Any information retrieval system. Eg Train timetable system.
- 16. Advantages Any record can be directly accessed. Speed of record processing is very fast. Up-to-date file because of online updating. Concurrent processing is possible.
- 17. Disadvantages More complex than sequential Does not fully use memory locations More security and backup problems