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- 1. §²§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §³§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Þ§å §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§å §À§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú §¡§ß§ä§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ü §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (IAQ) §·§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ú§ß§Ü§Ú, §¶§Ú§ß§Ý§ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ §µ§Ý§î§ñ§ß§à§Ó§ã§Ü, 13 §ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 2014 These pages are licensed under the Creative Commons 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 (Mention the origin) xxxx/2.10.2014/jan
- 2. §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Ú §Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§í §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß1 ¨C §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö: - §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à ¨C §ï§ä§à §ã§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ë§Ú§ç §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§î§ð§ß§Ú§ä§Ú. §´§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§î§ð§ß§Ú§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ö, §ä§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ö ?§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à?. §°§ß§à §å§Ø§Ö §ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§í §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§í §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ý§à §Ü§Ý§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú. - §²§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß ¨C §ï§ä§à §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í, §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ü§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í. §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ¨C §ï§ä§à §ã§á§Ý§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü: §ä§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§Ö§ä§Ú, §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §Ú §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ñ)2 §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§ç, §ß§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§â§å§Ô §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§å§Þ§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §°§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ù §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß, §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§å§Þ§à§Ó, §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Ú §ß§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ. §¬ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ. ? §°§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §ã §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ú, §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û, §à§ß§Ú §Ø§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ§Þ3; ? §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§å§Þ§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ã§Ó§à§Û §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ü§â§å§Ô §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û4; ? §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à ¨C §ï§ä§à §ã§á§Ý§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ß§à-§Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§Ú§Þ§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó5 §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. 1Oxford dictionary, 2Barab¨¢si, 3Castoriadis, 4ISO 9000, 5Stacey xxx x/15.10.2014/jan
- 3. §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§ä§î §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ð. ?§°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §à§Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú?. §£§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ?§¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à? §²§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §¹§Ý§Ö§ß§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó §ã§Ö§ä§î, §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §¬§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §¤§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §¯§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ (§á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö) §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¿§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §¥§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §³§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ö§ä§Ú ¨C §ï§ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Ó§ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§ß§à §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §ª§ç §â§à§ã§ä §ã§á§à§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ. §³§Ö§ä§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§à§ã§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ã§Ö§ä§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §à§Ò§ë§Ö§á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Û §Ú §ä.§Õ.
- 4. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§ß§í§ç1 §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§Û §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §³§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§Ú ISO 9000 §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ü §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ã §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú: §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à (Q): §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü: ? §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä (§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü: §è§Ö§Ý§î) ¨C §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à. ? §´§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ = §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú. ? §©§Ñ§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ö§× §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Þ§å§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §®§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (QM)= §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ: ? §®§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §á§à §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û. ? §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à ¨C §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Ý§ð§Ò§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ã§á§Ý§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü: §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ) §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§ç §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. ? §´§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ú, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä, §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§í§ç §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â. §¸§Ö§Ý§î §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, ?§Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ2?, §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ç§à§â§à§ê§Ú§Þ, §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ö§Ô§à §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó. ?§²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§í §ã§à§â§Ö§Ó§ß§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. 1ISO/DIS 9000:2014, 2Anttila xxxx/15.10.2014/jan
- 5. §²§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §µ§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Õ§Ö §Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ß§å§ð §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Þ§å§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§í §Ú §Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ö§â§à§Ó §á§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å (= §Õ§Ú§æ§æ§å§Ù§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à). §³ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §à§Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ1. ? §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ý§Ú§è§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ) §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§ð §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§å§ð §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§å, §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä, §à§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ñ§ã§î §ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú2: ? §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á = §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ó §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §Ü §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú ? §°§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä = §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ó §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§ä§Ú ? §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö = §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§Ö§ä§Ú ? §¥§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§å§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó§â§Ö§Õ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. ? §®§ß§à§Ô§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Ó§í§Ô§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ (win/win) §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ö§Û §Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§ã§ä§Ó §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ3 ¨C §ï§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. ? §³§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Þ §Õ§à§Ò§â§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú4 §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§à§Ò§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú ? §³§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î = §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§é§ß§à§Þ §Ú §ß§â§Ñ§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. xxxx/15.10.2014/jan 1Seghezzi, Anttila, 2Krebs, 3Pangaro, 4ISO 26000
- 6. §°§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §µ §ß§Ñ§ã §Õ§à §ã§Ú§ç §á§à§â §ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §æ§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à §á§à §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ, §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ, §Ú §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ: ? §¥§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§å§ß§Ú§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§à§Ó, §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§Ñ, §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú §Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß, §Þ§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§à§ã§ä§î, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ä§å§â§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ö, §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ã§á§à§â§ä, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î, §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§ñ §Ú §ä.§Õ. §¿§ä§Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§ç. §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §á§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð ¨C §ï§ä§à §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ú §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ, §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §Ú §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ú §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ2, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Ú §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Û. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §ª§¯§¥§¦§¬§³ §³§°§¸§ª§¡§§¾§¯§°§¤§° §±§²§°§¤§²§¦§³§³§¡1 §¢§¡§©§°§£§½§¦ §¹§¦§§°§£§¦§¹§¦§³§¬§ª§¦ §±§°§´§²§¦§¢§¯§°§³§´§ª: - §±§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö - §£§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§ñ - §¬§â§í§ê§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§à§Û - §§Ú§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î §°§³§¯§°§£§¡ §¢§§¡§¤§°§±§°§§µ§¹§ª§Á: - §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ - §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ü §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ - §©§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§æ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ - §µ§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §ï§Ü§à§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §£§°§©§®§°§¨§¯§°§³§´§ª - §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú - §§Ú§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Ó§í§Ò§à§â - §´§à§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ§ß§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ó§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î - §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð 1The Social Progress xxxx/15.10.2014/jan Imperative, 2Anttila
- 7. §°§á§í§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §±§²§ª§®§¦§²§½ §±§° §²§¡§©§£§ª§´§ª§À §¬§¡§¹§¦§³§´§£§¡ §°§¢§»§¦§³§´§£§¡: 1. §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §³§º§¡, §å§Ô§Ý§å§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §á§à §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§Á§á§à§ß§Ú§ñ,1946) 2. §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ (DTI) §Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§ç §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú (§£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, 1966) 3. §²§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §§à§å§â§Ö§ß§ã§Ö (§ê§ä§Ñ§ä §®§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§é§å§ã§Ö§ä§ã), §¶§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§æ§Ú§Ú (§ê§ä§Ñ§ä §±§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ý§î§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ), §Ú §Ü§à§ß§Ô§Ý§à§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó: §¬§Ú§ß§Ô§ã§á§à§â§ä - §¥§Ø§à§ß§ã§à§ß §³§Ú§ä§Ú - §¢§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý§î (§ê§ä§Ñ§ä §´§Ö§ß§Ö§ã§ã§Ú) §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú §¥§Ö§Þ§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§³§º§¡, 1984)1 4. §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß §á§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ú §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§³§º§¡ 1987) 5. §ª§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ú§ç §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ (§¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §³§à§ð§Ù, 2000) 6. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ §¢§Ñ§Ú§ñ, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ô§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§â§Ú§Ú§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à (§¢§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ, 2002)2 7. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §À§Ø§ß§à§Û §¬§Ñ§â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ú, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Þ §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú (§¶§Ú§ß§Ý§ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ, 2003)3 8. §µ§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à§Þ §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç, §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ö §Ü §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Þ§å §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð (§¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û, 2011) 9. §±§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ú§ß§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ö §Ü §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ (§º§Ñ§ß§ç§Ñ§Û 2011) 1Walton, xxxx/15.10.2014/jan 2Foguel,3Anttila
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