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Grammar book
- 2. Table of Contents 1.Nationalities 9.Reflexives 2.Stem changing 10.Affirmative t炭 3.Para commands/irregulars/p 4.Indirect Object ronoun placement Pronouns 11.Negative t炭 5.Pronoun placement commands/irregulars/p ronoun placemnet 6.Gustar 12.Sequencing Events 7.Affirmative and Negative words 8.Superlatives
- 4. Pensar E>ie Pedir E>i Yo Nosotros Yo Nosotros Pienso pensamos pido pedimos T炭 Vosotros T炭 Vosotros piensas pensa鱈s pides ped鱈s el, ella, Ellos, ellas, El, ella, Ellos, ellas, usted ustedes usted ustedes piensa piensan pide piden Stem Changing Jugar U>ue Dormir O>ue Yo Nosotros Yo Nosotros juego jugamos duermo dormimos T炭 Vosotros T炭 Vosotros juegas juga鱈s duermes dorm鱈s El, ella, usted Ellos, ellas, El, ella, Ellos, ellas, juega ustedes usted ustedes juegan duerme duermen
- 5. Para Para is used in Spanish as for is used in English. Ex: Yo cocino enchiladas de queso para la cena.
- 6. Indirect Object Pronouns Indirect Objects are nouns that tell to whom/what or for whom/what. Indirect Objects replace or accompany indirect objects. Singular Plural Me Nos Me Us Te Os You(familiar) You(familiar) Le Les You(familiar), You, then him, her
- 7. Pronoun Placement . Attach the pronoun to the infinitive Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense Attach the pronoun to an affirmative Place a pronoun before a conjugated verb
- 8. A usted, 辿l, ella le gusta Gustar A vosotros os A ti te gusta Gusta Singular: gusta Me gusta el boligrafo Gusta antes de un infinitive: A nosotros nos A mi me gusta Me gusta hablar gusta espa単ol A ustedes, ellos, ellas les gusta Gustan antes de un substantivo plural: Me gustan los boligrafos
- 9. Affirmative and Negative Words You use Affirmative and negative words when you want to talk about an indefinite or negative situation Algo Affirmative Alguien Algun/Alguno Words Siempre Tambien Nada Negative Nadie Ninguin/ninguno Words Nunca Tampoco
- 10. Los Superlativos Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas are suffixes, and are added to adjectives and adverb Adj and adv ending in C, G, Z change -Are equivalent to spelling to Adj that end in N extremely or very qu, gu, and c or R, form by before an adjective or respectively. adding cisimo/a adverb Rico-Riquisimo Joven- malo-malisimo Larga-larguisima jovencisimo muchas-musch鱈mas Trabajador- Trabadorcisimo
- 11. Reflexives Reflect back to yourself. In the reflexive form, the subject is also the object. The person does as well as receives the action. EX: Yo me levanto a las ocho de la manana. Position of Reflexive In front of a conjugated verb. Attached to a gerand. 3. Attached to an infinitive. 4. Attached to an affirmative command.
- 12. Affirmative Tu commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement For tu commands, all you have to do is simply drop the s. Examples: Me Nos Eat! 臓Come! Te Os Speak! 臓Habla! Lo, la Los, las Live! 臓Vive! Direct object pronouns may also be used to take the place of a noun. Example: Eat it! 臓Comelo!
- 13. Affirmative Irregulars Haz Pon Ve Di Se Ven Sal Ten
- 14. Negative Tu commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement Negative commands occur when one is directing another to not do something. 3 steps: Change the verb to to yo form. Change the ending to the opposite vowel. (are; er/ira) Add an s. Example: Do not eat. No comer. No como. No coma. No comas.
- 15. Negative Irregulars Ir/ No Hacer/ Dar/ vagas No No Ser/ No Hagas Digas seas Estar/ Tener/ No Saber/ No Venir/ Estes No Tengas No sepas vengas
- 16. Sequencing Events Luego/ Por la Antes de/ Primero Entoces manana/tarde despues despues de /noches First Then Then/ After After Good morning/afte rnoon/night