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Grammar hand book
- 2. 1. Nationalities 2. Stem Changers 3. Use of Para 4. Indirect Object Pronouns 5. Object Pronoun Placement 6. Gustar 7. Affirmative/Negative Words 8. Superlatives 9. Reflexives 10. Affirmative T炭 Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement 11. Negative T炭 Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement 12. Sequencing Events
- 4. Pedir (to ask) Duermo Dormimos Pido Pedimos Duermes Pides Duerme Duermen Pide Piden Querer (to want) Jugar (to want) Juego Jugamos Quiero Queremos Juegas Quieres Juega Juegan Quiere Quieren
- 5. Indicates the Indicates an recipient of an Indicates a implied purpose item purpose Compro el Vamos al Tengo dinero regalo para tu restaurante para mama. para comer. (comprar) algo.
- 6. **Answers**: Me Nos **Comes before the conjugated verb.** To Whom? Te For Whom? Le Les ME NOS Ana compra un regalo a mi. Ana compra un regalo a nosotros. A mi Ana compra un regalo. A nosotros Ana compra un regalo. Ana me compra un regalo. Ana nos compra un regalo. TE Ana compra un regalo a ti. A ti Ana compra un regalo. Ana te compra un regalo. LE LES Ana compra un regalo a Elena. Ana compra un regalo a ellos. A Elena Ana compra un regalo. A ellos Ana compra un regalo. Ana le compra un regalo. Ana les compra un regalo.
- 7. 1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive 2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense 3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command 4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
- 8. Me Nos **Always has an Te Gusta indirect object Les pronoun in front of it.** Le IOP _____ gusta(n) IOP No _____ gusta(n) Gusta is used when the object pronoun is singular. The indirect object pronoun is Me gusta el perro. based on the subject. Rosa le gusta el pollo. means: Gustan is used when the object Rosa likes chicken. Or: pronoun is plural. The chicken is pleasing to Rosa. Me gustan los perros. We like to dance the salsa is written: Nos gusta bailar la salsa. **Me gustas t炭.**
- 9. Algo Something Nada Nothing Alguien Someone Nadie No one Alg湛n/Alguno Some Ning湛n/Ninguno None Siempre Always Nunca Never Tambien Also Tampoco Neither/Either Por ahora, nada m叩s. Me gusta nadie. For now, nothing more. No one is pleasing to me. 多Algo m叩s? Nunca compro joyer鱈a. *Nunca and Anything more/else? I never buy jewelry. nadie are the exception of this rule as shown. **Alg湛n y ning湛n are **If is verb follows no, a used before a singular negative word must follow. masculine noun. All else Double negatives are is alguno or ninguno.** required in Spanish.**
- 10. **extremely/very** -鱈simo -鱈sima -鱈simos -鱈simas Malo Mal鱈simo Muchas Much鱈simas Alto Alt鱈simo Rico Riqu鱈simo Larga Largu鱈sima Feliz Felic鱈simo Joven Jovenc鱈simo Trabajador Trabajadorc鱈simo
- 11. *A verb done to oneself* *identified with se at the end of a verb that has not been conjugated (lavarlavarse)* 1. Take the verb that is not To say, Alexa washes herself. -me -nos conjugated. 1. Lavarse (to wash oneself) 2. Remove the se. 2. Lavar -te 3. Add the reflexive pronoun to the 3. Se lavar. -se -se front. 4. Se lava. 4. Conjugate the verb normally. Final: Alexa se lava. Other Possessive Verbs: Acostarse Ba単arse Despertarse Tyler shaves his beard. Dormirse Afeitarse (to shave ones beard, face, etc.) Ducharse Levantarse Tyler se afeita la barba. Peinarse Ponerse la ropa Quitarse la ropa I put on make up. Secarse Maquillarse (to put on ones make up) Yo maquillo. *not possessive because reflexives already imply possession.*
- 12. For affirmative t炭 commands: Conjugate the verb in t炭 form Eat. Walk. Then drop the s Come. Camina. Or Put it in l/Ella/Ud. form Irregulars: Di Decir If youre going to use an Haz Hacer object pronoun, place it after Ve Ir the command. Do. Leave. Pon Poner Haz. Sal. Eat it. Do it. Sal Salir S辿 Ser Comela. Hazla. Ten Tener Ven Vener
- 13. For negative t炭 commands: Put it in the t炭 form Dont eat. Dont Walk. Change er/-ir to a or ar to -e No comas. No camines. Irregulars: Digas Decir If youre going to use an No hagas Hacer object pronoun, place it No vayas Ir before the command. Dont go. No pongas Poner No vayas. Dont eat it (the cat). No salgas Salir No seas Ser No lo comas. No tengas Tener No vengas Vener
- 14. Event Meaning Primero First Entonces Then Luego/Despu辿s Later/After Por fin Finally Antes de Before Despu辿s de After Por la ma単ana/tarde/noche In/During the Los lunes, etc. On Mondays, etc.