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Grammar book spanish
- 1. Juan Minter
- 2. • Nacionalidades • Stem Changing Verbs • Para • Indirect Object Pronouns • Pronoun placement • Gustar • Affirmative and Negative Words • Superlatives • Reflexives • Affirmative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement • Negative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement • Sequencing Events
- 4. When a verb corresponds to a particular subject, it needs to be conjugated appropriately, ex: 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and their plural counterparts o-ue e-i e-ie u-ue Ex: costar Ex: pedir Ex: pensar Ex: jugar Cuesto Costamo Pedimo Piens Pensam Jugamo s Pido os Jueg Yo s o s Nosotros o Cuesta Costáis Pides PedÃs Piens Pensá s Vosotro Juega Jugáis Tú s as is s Cuest Cuesta Pide Piden a n Piens Piens Ellos, a an Juega Juega El, Boot Boot Boot Ellas, n Ella, Uds. Ud. 0-UE (ex): El vaso cuesta viente pesos. E-IE (ex): Yo pienso la fiesta de mi hermano. E-I (ex): ¿Pido un postre y lo compartimos? U-UE (ex): Yo juego el baloncesto y béisbol.
- 5. • Means for or in order to • It is used to indicate when you want to include for in a sentence to emphasize possesion or belonging in most cases. • Ex: Yo preparo la fiesta para mi hermano. • This means I prepare the party for my brother. • Ex: Quisiera un bicileta para dos. • This means I want a bicycle intended for two people to ride (tandem). • Vive para comer • This means he/she lives to eat.
- 6. Me Nos Te Vos le Les • Indirect object pronouns are placed after direct object pronouns to indicate to whom or for whom the action is being specified. Indirect object before it is • Tú escribas las cartas a Anna. turned into a pronoun A Anna is changed to le because the DO • Tú le escribas las cartas. is directed toward Anna and so it is le. These are the IOP pronouns. The IOP’s can be placed in 3 places which include in between the verb and subject, attached to an infinitive, and before the DOP. Ex (between verb and subject): Tú le escribas las cartas. Ex (attached to an infinitive): Ellos va a comprarte los flores. Ex (before the DOP): Yo te lo compro.
- 7. Ejemplos Attach the • Me afeito. pronoun to a • Yo te escribo las cartas a ti. progressive tense Attach the pronoun to the infinitive Place the Attach the pronoun pronoun to before the an conjugated affirmative verb command
- 8. • Gustar is used to show that someone likes something because Gustar literally means, in the infinitive, to like. • The Pronouns that are associated with gustar are the same as IOPs. Me Nos Te Vos Le Les • Ex: Me gusta los chicharones. • This means I like chicharones. • Ex: Me gustas tú. • This means I like you.
- 9. • Affirmatives and negatives are used to give something a negative or affirmative connotation. Affirmativos Negativos Algo- something Nada- nothing Alguien- someone Nadie- no one Algún/ Alguno- some Ningún/ Ninguno- none, not any Siempre- always Nunca- never También- also Tampoco- neither, either • Quisiera algo de tomar. • This means I would like something to drink. • Quisiera nada de tomar. • Obivously, this is negated from the former sentence and becomes I would like nothing to drink. • Las chicas quieren ningún postre. • This means the girls would not like any desert.
- 10. • When you express adjectives in an exaggerated way, you have to drop the final vowel and add the ending of –Ãsimo(a). Then you have to make it agree with gender and number to the specific noun it modifies. • Ex: ¡El monstruo es feoÃsimo! Male and singular • Ex: ¡Las ideas de Rosa son intersantÃsimas! Feminine and plural • When the last consonant is a C, G, or Z, spelling changes have to take place. • C ïƒ QU • Rico(a) ïƒ riquÃsimo(a) • Ex: El postre es riquÃsimo. • G ïƒ GU • Largo(a) ïƒ larguÃsimo(a) • Los pantalones son larguÃsimo. • Zïƒ C • Feliz ïƒ felicÃsimo(a) • La fiesta es felicÃsima.
- 11. • Reflexives are used when you refer back to yourself like I wash my self or to dry one’s hair; basically it is an action that you perform to yourself. • They need to be properly formatted; this is done by taking the se off the back end of the reflexive verb. Once you Me this, you can then do Nos place it in front of the verb with one of these pronouns ïƒ Te Os • Reflexives only end in se Se Se • So, (acostarse) • Step 1: conjugate ïƒ (yo) acuesto • Step 2: add appropriate reflexive pronoun • Where can you put them? • In front of a conjugated verb • Attached to a gerund • Attached to infinitive • Attached to an affirmative command
- 12. Affirmative Tú Simply drop the Can attach DOP Affirmative Tú command ‘S’ to ending • ¡Come! • This means, eat! It is an affirmative command put in tú form the s dropped. • ¡Habla! • ¡Roba! • ¡Estudia! • Irregulares ïƒ Di, Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Sé, Ten, Ven • Di ïƒ Decir ïƒ say or tell • Haz ïƒ Hacer ïƒ make or do • Ve ïƒ Ir ïƒ go Pronnoun Placement • Pon ïƒ Poner ïƒ put • Attach to infintive • Sal ïƒ Salir ïƒ leave • Gerund • Sé ïƒ Ser ïƒ be • Before a conjugated verb • Ten ïƒ Tener ïƒ have • Affirmative Command • Ven ïƒ Venir ïƒ come
- 13. • Negativos Change to the opposite vowel Negative Tú Put in ‘yo’ form Add an ‘S’ command Ar ïƒ e Er, ir ïƒ a • These are used to indicate something is not. • TV DISHES • Tener ïƒ No tengas Pronoun Placement • Venir ïƒ No Vengas • Infinitive • Dar/ Decir ïƒ No des/ digas • Gerund • Ir ïƒ No vegas • Before conjugated verb • Ser ïƒ No Seas • Affirmative command • Hacer ïƒ No hagas • Estar ïƒ No estes • Saber ïƒ No Sepas
- 14. • There are many sequencing words used to indicate time and place. They include primero, entonces, luego/ después, por fin, antes de/ después de, por la mañana/ tarde/ noche, los lunes • Ex: Primero, Alberto se afeita por la mañana. • Después de se ducha, se acuesta. • Antes de me pongo la ropa, me maquillo. • Luego, se duerme. • Por fin, me duerme.