More Related Content
Similar to infection control basic health information.ppt (20)
Recently uploaded (20)
infection control basic health information.ppt
- 1. Abdirahman Dahir Waiz (MPH, ANESTHETIST)
- 2. At the end of this session, the participants will be able to: Verbalize definitions related to infection control List modes of transmission of infections and portals of entry of bacteria Explain universal precautions Explain the workers role in preventing spread of infections Demonstrate proper hand washing techniques, application of gloves WAIZ
- 3. 01/09/2009
- 4. Infection control practices that reduces or eliminate source of transmission of infection helps to protect clients and health care providers from disease. Dentistry are in a position to influence positively others behavior and to change their own behavior through health education.
- 5. Infection control the set of methods used to control and prevent the spread of disease Infections - are caused by pathogens (germs) Communicable disease disease spread from one person to another Infectious disease disease caused by a pathogen (germ or bacteria) WAIZ
- 6. Contaminated means dirty, soiled, unclean Disinfection cleaning so that germs (pathogens) are destroyed Mode of transmission the way germs are passed from one person to another Mucous membranes membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body WAIZ
- 7. 7 Definition of Terms 7 Host: living animal or plant Agent: something that produces or is capable of producing an effect, i.e. infection Vector: an organism (as an insect) that transmits an agent from one organism or source to another Vehicle: inanimate object (food, water, etc) that can carry an agent from one organism to another
- 8. Disease: impairment of normal functioning, manifested by signs and symptoms Infection: the state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host , host may or may not have signs or symptoms Carrier: individual harbors the agent but does not have symptoms. Person can infect others. Reservoir: habitat (man, animal, etc.) in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies 8
- 9. 01/09/2009
- 10. 01/09/2009
- 11. 01/09/2009
- 12. Person to person via hands of health-care providers, patients, and visitors Personal clothing and equipment (e.g. Stethoscopes, flashlights etc.) Environmental contamination Airborne transmission Hospital staff who are carriers Rare common-source outbreaks
- 13. Patient to Worker Visitor Patient Worker to Worker Visitor Patient Visitor to Worker Visitor Patient
- 14. 01/09/2009
- 15. 15 HOST Characteristics Types of AGENTS ENVIRONMENTAL Factors Age Biologic bacteria, virus, molds Housing crowding, noise Gender Chemical poison, alcohol Air temperature, humidity Occupation Physical - trauma, fire Water , food
- 16. Route Example Disease Direct contact Kissing, sexual contact, skin-to-skin contact STDs, skin infections, scabies Droplet Organism on large respiratory droplets that people sneeze, cough, drip, or exhale. Disease spread when people are close to each other (usually <3 feet) and inhale droplet. Mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), common cold, strep throat, meningitis Indirect contact Contact with contaminated surfaces, clothing, etc Skin infections, diarrheal disease Vector Bite from disease-carrying ticks, fleas, mosquitoes Lyme disease, LaCrosse encephalitis Vehicle Eat/drink contaminated food/beverage, transfuse infected blood, fomites (bedding, infected tatoo needle) Some diarrheal disease, hepatitis b/c Airborne Organism on dust particles or small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when people sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale Chickenpox, Tuberculosis, Smallpox, corona virus. 16
- 17. Body fluids tears, saliva, sputum (mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, blood Touching the infected person or their secretions Touching something contaminated by the infected person. Droplets coughing, sneezing, laughing, spitting, talking WAIZ
- 18. 01/09/2009
- 19. Any body opening of an uninfected person which allows pathogens to enter Nose, mouth, eyes, rectum, genitals and other mucous membranes Cuts, abrasions or breaks in the skin WAIZ
- 20. Anyone whose resistance to disease decreases Reasons for lowered resistance: age, existing illnesses, fatigue and stress The elderly have weaker immune systems and a lower resistance to pathogens Elderly are hospitalized more often, increasing the chance for hospital-acquired infections Recovery longer in the elderly WAIZ
- 21. 01/09/2009
- 22. Universal precautions are infection control guidelines designed to protect workers from exposure to diseases spread by blood and certain body fluids. Always treat blood, body fluids, broken skin and mucous membranes as if they were infected Always follow Universal Precautions because you cannot tell by looking at a person whether they have a contagious disease WAIZ
- 23. Use practical, common sense Wash your hands before putting on gloves and immediately after removing gloves Do not touch clean objects with contaminated gloves WAIZ
- 24. Wear gloves if you may come in contact with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, broken or open skin, human tissue of mucous membranes Bag all disposable contaminated supplies Clean all surfaces that may be contaminated with infectious waste, such as beds, wheelchairs and shower chairs WAIZ
- 25. Gloves,, gowns, eye protection, and face masks Health care workers should wear a face mask, eye protection and a gown if there is the potential for blood or other bodily fluids to splash.
- 26. 01/09/2009
- 27. Masks should be worn if an airborne infection is suspected or confirmed to protect an immune compromised patient.
- 28. 01/09/2009
- 29. 01/09/2009
- 30. Good hand washing is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infection May use an alcohol-based hand cleaner in place of washing with soap and water Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth WAIZ
- 31. Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue every time you cough or sneeze Throw used tissue in a wastebasket If you dont have a tissue, sneeze or cough into your sleeve Always clean your hands after coughing or sneezing WAIZ
- 32. Before patient contact Before an aseptic task After body fluid exposure even if wearing gloves! After patient contact After contact with patient surroundings
- 34. Remove any jewelry or watch Wet hands with warm, running water Add soap Rub hands vigorously for 20 seconds, washing all surfaces Dry with paper or clean cloth towel WAIZ
- 36. 01/09/2009
- 38. Make sure all visible dirt is removed from your hands Apply a dime sized amount of waterless hand sanitizer to the palm of one hand or use a waterless hand sanitizer wipe Rub hands together covering all surfaces of hands and fingers Rub until waterless hand sanitizer is absorbed Remember, waterless sanitizers are not effective if dirt is visible on your hands WAIZ
- 39. When you may come in contact with blood or any body fluids, open wounds, or mucous membranes Performing or helping with mouth care Performing or helping touth care Performing care on a consumer who has broken skin WAIZ
- 40. When you have open sores or cuts on your hands When disposing of soiled bed linens, gowns, dressings and pads WAIZ
- 41. When touching surfaces that may be contaminated Right before contact with mucous membranes or broken skin Immediately if they become wet, worn, soiled WAIZ
- 42. 01/09/2009
- 43. Education and Training Hygiene Sanitation Follow public health recommendations food preparation, isolation and quarantine Vaccination Keep up to date Medicine Prophylactic antibiotics meningitis, pertussis 43
- 44. WAIZ
Editor's Notes
- #12: Health care-associated infections Infections are caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses entering the body through one or more of the following routes. person-person via hands of health-care providers patients and visitors; personal equipment (e.g. stethoscopes, computers) and clothing; environmental contamination; airborne transmission; carriers on the hospital staff; rare common-source outbreaks. Epidemiological evidence suggests that multidrug-resistant organisms are carried from person-to-person by health-care professionals. Carriers are individuals who harbor disease organisms in their body without visible symptoms and may pass the infection to another person. It is possible to carry an organism without being aware of it for example, Typhoid Mary a woman who carried the typhoid bacillus and unknowingly started an epidemic in the US in the 1880s . Outbreak is a term used in epidemiology to describe an occurrence of disease greater than would otherwise be expected in a particular time and place. It may be small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. Two linked cases of a rare infectious disease may be sufficient to constitute an outbreak. Outbreaks may also refer to epidemics, which affect a region in a country or a group of countries, or pandemics, which describe global disease outbreaks. Common source outbreak Some diseases arise from a single definable source, such as a common water supply. The basic idea is that common source outbreaks are not propagated from individual-to-individual (e.g., person-to-person). Instead, sick individuals typically are propagation dead ends. Yet the disease continues to be endemic and perhaps epidemic as a consequence of contact with some typically geographically well-defined disease reservoir.
- #13: Keep in Mind that transmission is not one-way and does not discriminate! Patients can Transmit to workers, visitors and other patients and vice versa. Any infectious person puts everyone in her immediate surroundsing s at risk!
- #15: Interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent DISEASE
- #25: Personal protective equipment includes the use of gowns, gloves, aprons, eye protection and face masks. The use of these equipment is usually based on assessment of the risk of micro-organism transmission to the patient or to the carer as well as the risk of contamination of the health-care practitioners clothing and skin by the patients blood, bodily fluids, secretions or excretions.
- #35: Often people miss areas on there hands.
- #43: Hygiene do NOT share personal items Handwashing Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.