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INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES AND MODELS.pptx
- 1. INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES AND MODELS PRESENTER: MINALANG, SITTIE ASIA A. BANI, NASIMA A.
- 2. I. INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS - is a plan or pattern that can be used to shape curriculums (long-term courses of studies), to design instructional materials, and to guide instruction in the classroom and other settings based on Joyce and Well (1980).
- 4. a. Expository Teaching Model - Explicit explanation in details of certain facts. - A way of presentation of information and learning contents to pupils directly. - Presenting learning materials by explanation, narration, or demonstration. - Suitably use toss teach certain concept and skill during the beginning of the lesson. - Principle and concept are explained verbally, as all the facts are written on the board, showed on the screen. - Time-saving: Enables teacher to finish all related concepts in a shorter period and pupils merely listen quietly. - More to a lecturing method. (Less effective for primary schools).
- 5. b. Inquiry Teaching Model i. Scientific Inquiry Model - Used to study principles, phenomena, and characteristics of scientific knowledge. ii. Social Inquiry Model - Used to study topics related to social and humanity aspects. - Based on activities such as observation, interview and questionnaire - Emphasizes on social interaction process.
- 6. iii. Juris-prudential Inquiry Model - Used to look for reality and accuracy in current issues (learning Science is more useful than learning Arts). - Concerns with science and philosophy of human law. - Based on activities, discussions and debates.
- 8. a. Direct Instruction Model i. Demonstration - A teaching technique involves the use of teachers skills to demonstrate and perform a certain activity in the class. - Teacher has a strong control over what is learnt in the classroom, provides feedback, monitoring students, grading work and strict classroom rules and regulations (teacher-centered). ii. Mastery learning - Refers to a theory and practice of using remedial teaching based on feedback on pupils performance to assist them to achieve the learning objectives.
- 9. b. Programmed Instruction Model i. Computer Assisted Instruction (CIA) - The application of technology and computer system in teaching. - Pupils follow designed learning materials in software without teachers help. - Teacher has to facilitate the pupils to have interest in manipulating computer.
- 11. a. Non-directive - Positive human relationship enable people to grow. - Instruction should be based on concepts of human relations. b. Developing Positive Self-concepts - Appreciate the abilities and talents one possesses. - Involves from the moral values that should be emphasized among students. - Activities that help: group/individual presentation, musical performances, stage performances. c. Project Model - Based on the belief that learning would be effective if pupils are interested and ready to carry out learning activities. Examples research project, handicraft project, and educational visit.
- 12. D. Social Model
- 13. a. Group Teaching and Cooperative Learning a. Informal Learning Group- basically temporary within a single class session. b. Formal Learning Group- being formed to complete a specific tasks, such as to carry a project, performing a lab experiment, etc. c. Study Teams- long-term groups with a stable membership.
- 14. b. Simulation i. Role play - Emphasize the social nature of learning. - Stimulate students both socially and intellectually. - Improves interpersonal skills and enhances communication. - Teaching strategy that fits within the social family models. ii. Sociodrama - More like an acting activity. - Based on a story which reflects a certain situation involving conflicting issue. - Script should be prepared earlier.
- 15. II. INSTRUCTIONALAPPROACHES - Is a set of principles, beliefs, or ideas about the nature of learning which is translated into the classroom.
- 16. A. Teacher-centered Approach- the teacher is perceived to be the only reliable source of information and only the teachers voice is heard. B. Learner-centered Approach- it is premised on the belief that the learner is also an important resource because he/she too knows something and is therefore capable of sharing something. C. Subject Matter-centered Approach- Subject matter gains primacy that of the learner.
- 17. D. Interactive Approach- an interactive classroom have more student talk and less teacher talk. Students are given the opportunity to interact with teacher and with other students. E. Constructivist Approach- the students are expected to construct knowledge and meaning out for what they are taught by connecting them to prior experience. F. Banking Approach- the teacher deposits knowledge into the empty minds of students for students to commit memory.
- 18. G. Integrated Approach- it makes the teacher connects what he/she teaches to other lessons of the same subject (intradisciplinary) or connects hi/her lessons with other subject thus making his/her approach interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary. H. Disciplinal Approach- it limits the teacher discussing his/her lessons within the boundary of his/her subjects. I. Collaborative Approach- it will welcome group work, teamwork, partnerships, and group discussion.
- 19. J. Individualistic Approach- it wants the individual students to work by themselves. K. Direct Teaching Approach- the teacher directly tells or shows or demonstrates what is to be taught. L. Indirect, Guided Approach- the teacher guides the learner to discover teams for himself/herself. The teacher facilitates the learning process by allowing the learner to be engage in the learning process with his/her guidance.