Is your house safe
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The second edition of the Construction Awareness Workshops organized jointly by Magnidus and BDIPL was successfully held at Jorhat on 9 March, 2014. It was attended by several key personalities from Jorhat as well as the general public. The presentation was followed by a Q&A session where architects and engineers responded to construction related queries put forward by the attendees. The theme of this edition of the workshop was 'Earthquake Resistant buildings and the Importance of Soil Testing'.
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Is your house safe
- 1. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. JORHAT & MAGNIDUS DESIGN PVT. LTD. NEW DELHI present under their CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
- 2. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. IS YOUR HOUSE SAFE CONSTRUCTION AWARENESS WORKSHOP # 2 VENUE: C K B COMMERCE COLLEGE, JORHAT
- 3. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. What are the potential dangers ?
- 4. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Natural Disasters Man-made Disasters Economic Disasters Family Disasters
- 5. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. What is an earthquake ?
- 6. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 7. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. What does an earthquake do to your house?
- 8. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Super-structure (building) Ground Level Sub-structure (foundation)
- 9. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Framed Structure normal Framed Structure during an earthquake
- 10. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Traditional Framed Structures
- 11. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Brazil
- 12. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Japan
- 13. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. England
- 14. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. France
- 15. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Modern Framed Structures
- 16. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Steel (London)
- 17. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Bamboo (Kengu Kuma - Beijing)
- 18. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Bamboo (PT Bambu - Bali)
- 19. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Paper (Shigeru Ban - Hannover)
- 20. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Components of a Framed Structure
- 21. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Frame Infill
- 22. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Framing Materials
- 23. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. RCC
- 24. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Steel
- 25. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Wood
- 26. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Bamboo
- 27. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Infill Materials
- 28. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Brick
- 29. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Gypsum Board
- 30. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Paper
- 31. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Bamboo and Paper
- 32. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Bamboo Mat
- 33. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. WD wall Wattle & Daub
- 34. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. WD Walls
- 35. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Finish (optional) Wattle Daub
- 36. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Fabian Ostner - Auroville
- 37. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Advantages of WD Walls Earthquake Protection monolithic tensile structure Less Steel Requirement reduced load due to light walls Cost Effectiveness locally available materials Climate Comfort low heat absorption Larger Room Sizes Aesthetic modular construction
- 38. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Some Common Construction Mishaps
- 39. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Bending of steel reinforcement
- 40. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Column thickness and clear cover being compromised
- 41. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Unnatural riser heights
- 42. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Inappropriate joining of beam to existing column
- 43. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Presented by Arup Deka, IITG Importance of Earthquake resistant design & Soil testing
- 44. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Introduction
- 45. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 46. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 47. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 48. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. What are these buildings? What problems are associated with these buildings? Are they safe during earthquake ? Why are we still constructing them ? Can we do something about these buildings ? Is there any provision in our code?
- 49. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. What are these buildings ? Cheaper and easily available construction materials Not considered important enough during analysis and design Open RC buildings. Common buildings lack basic resistance to earthquake forces. Codes do not stop us for doing so neither any encouragement Building bye laws
- 50. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 51. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. This resistance can be achieved by following simple, inexpensive principles of good building construction practice. Adherence to these simple rules will prevent all damage in moderate or large earthquakes saves life These simple rules are basically Planning and layout of the building involving consideration of the location of rooms and walls. Lay out and general design of the structural framing system Structures should not be brittle or collapse suddenly. Resisting elements, such as bracing or shear walls, must be provided evenly throughout the building Bearing capacity of the soil should be checked properly as firm, Soft & Weak soil
- 52. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Shear walls
- 53. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Easy to construct Straight forward reinforcement details Effective in reducing cost Minimize earthquake damage- structural & non structural elements
- 54. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Buildings can be constructed on firm and soft soils Dangerous to build them on weak soils. Hence appropriate soil investigations should be carried out Weak soils must be avoided or compacted to improve them so as to qualify as firm or soft. For the purpose of making a building truly earthquake resistant, it will be necessary to choose an appropriate foundation type for it. The depth of footing in the soil should go below the level of shrinkage cracks in clayey soils. For choosing the type of footing from the earthquake angle, the soils may be grouped as Firm Soft & weak soil unless compacted and brought to Soft or Firm condition.
- 55. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 56. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 57. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. FAILURES DUE TO SOIL STRATA
- 58. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Table 1: Physical Properties
- 59. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Liquefaction, ground failure
- 60. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
- 61. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Footings on sandy soils show immediate settlements whereas clays show long term settlements Geotechnical investigation is a must for every site as soil is weakest material in the system and the failure is sudden and often leads to collapse Rise in water table can reduce the bearing capacity significantly clays are very stiff when dry but can become very soft when submerged rise in water table can reduce the bearing capacity significantly clays exhibits swelling pressures place the foundation on firm soil
- 62. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002 Zone V MM IX or more MM VIII Zone II MM VI together now make Zone II MM VI or less Area under the zones V 12% IV 18% III ~27% Table damageable ~ 57% Bearing Capacity calculation
- 63. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. dissolve or to weaken. Originally coined by Mogami and Kubo(1953) Commonly used to describe the sudden dramatic strength loss which sometimes occur in sand during seismic loading. It has been reported in many types of soil under dynamic loading
- 64. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Assam EQ, June 12,1897(ML=8.7)
- 65. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. The danger of liquefaction at a site can be significantly reduced or eliminated by: Dewatering Increasing the in-situ density Making provisions to reduce the time required for relieving the excess pore water pressures These except dewatering ,may be best achieved by ground improvement techniques. If the potentially liquefiable soil layer is located at the ground surface and is not thicker than 3.5m,the most economical solution may be removable and replacement with properly compacted nonliquefiable soils. However, for liquefaction-prone soil layers located deeper than 3.5m from the ground surface, ground improvement techniques may be the solution
- 66. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. isolated footings poor (provide tie beams) combined footings fair (provide tie beams) raft foundations better pile foundations best Type of foundations and their seismic response
- 67. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Building Codes For Engineered Construction IS: 1893-2002 "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part I (Fifth Revision)" July 2002. IS: 13920-1993 "Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces - Code of Practice" November 1993. IS: 4326-1993 "Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings - Code of Practice (Second Revision)" October 1993. Many Good Books Large Nos. of Conference Proceedings
- 68. 9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD. Conclusion Carry out the engineering, architecture and planning measures - Land use zoning. - Planning of habitat, - Implementation of building codes in all new constructions, and - seismic retrofitting of existing buildings and infrastructure. Create the supportive structure of - public awareness, - education and training - research and development about the safety from earthquake hazard. Appropriate policy, financial and institutional support at national and state levels needs to be provided for putting this strategy into a workable action plan.