3. 1. 背景:結果構文の定義
John painted the wall black.
S + V + O + 《RP》
||
《Resultative Predicate》
(単一の)主動詞が表す行為ないし活動が原因となり、その
直接的な結果として生じる状態を《結果述語》として表現した
単一のセンテンス
(影山 2009 (下線部分筆者))
4. 1. 背景:結果構文の分類と
日英語間で容認される結果構文の差異
弱い結果構文
?英語
John broke the glass into pieces.
Mike painted the walls black.
= 状態変化動詞
?日本語
ジョンはグラスをバラバラに壊した.
マイクは壁を黒く塗った.
強い結果構文
?英語
John hammered the can flat.
Ken ran himself tired.
Tim drank the teapot dry.
?日本語
??/*ジョンは缶をペシャンコに叩いた.
*ケンは(自分を)クタクタに走った.
*ティムは急須を空っぽに飲んだ.
? 解釈が弱い推論で済む ? 解釈に強い推論を要する
5. 2. 先行研究: Yotsuya et al. (2014)
研究課題と仮説
RQ: Whether or not L2 learners know that Strong and Weak
Resultatives are allowed in English.
研究課題: 英語学習者は英語では「強い結果構文」と
「弱い結果構文」が容認されることを知っているか。
Prediction: L2 learners will accept Weak Resultatives but
not Strong Resultatives.
仮説: 英語学習者は「弱い結果構文」を容認するが、
「強い結果構文」を容認しない。
14. 3. 研究課題:研究課題の設定に向けて
- 英語結果構文の分類(p.4より)-
弱い結果構文
<前置詞句型>: WT-P
John broke the glass into pieces.
<形容詞句型>: WT-A
Mike painted the walls black.
強い結果構文
〔他動詞型〕: ST
John hammered the can flat.
〔自動詞型〕
(再帰形): SI-R
Ken ran himself tired.
(疑似形): SI-F
Tim drank the teapot dry.
16. 3. 研究課題:研究課題の設定に向けて
- 英語結果構文の分類(p.4より)-
弱い結果構文
<前置詞句型>: WT-P
John broke the glass into pieces.
<形容詞句型>: WT-A
Mike painted the walls black.
強い結果構文
〔他動詞型〕: ST
John hammered the can flat.
〔自動詞型〕
(再帰形): SI-R
Ken ran himself tired.
(疑似形): SI-F
Tim drank the teapot dry.
仮説1
仮説2
仮説3 仮説4
20. 4. 検証方法
実験に含めた結果構文
弱い結果構文[前置詞句型]
(WT-P)
John broke the glass into pieces.
Bob bent the wire into a U shape.
Mary melted the butter into liquid.
Mike tore the letter into pieces.
弱い結果構文[形容詞句型]
(WT-A)
Mike painted the wall black.
Ken crushed the can flat.
Lucy polished the mirror clean.
Kumi froze the juice solid.
22. 4. 検証方法
実験に含めた結果構文
強い結果構文〔自動詞型-再帰形〕
(SI-R)
Sam sang himself hoarse.
Ken ran himself tired.
Takashi ate himself sick.
Lucy danced herself sweaty.
強い結果構文〔自動詞型-疑似形〕
(SI-F)
Ken ran his shoes ragged.
Mike shouted his father awake.
Lucy danced her feet sore.
Tim drank the teapot empty.
38. 主要参考文献(英文)
Goldberg, Adele E. 1995. Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure,
Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Levin, Beth. 1993. English verb classes and alternations. Chicago and London, University of Chicago
Press.
Levin, Beth and Malka Rappaport Hovav. 1995. Unaccusativity: At the syntax-lexical semantics interface,
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Morita, Chisato. 2009. “A crosslinguistic Observation of resultative constructions,” Linguistic Research
25, 43-55.
Son, Minjeong and Peter Svenonius. 2008. “Microparameterof cross-linguistic variation: Directed
motion and Resultatives.” In Abner, Natasha and Jason Bishop (Ed.), Proeedings of the 27th
West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 388-396. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla
Proceedings Project
Spring, Ryan. 2010. “A look into the acquisition of English motion event conflation by native speakers
of Chinese and Japanese,” 24th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and
Computation, 563-572.
Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Toward a cognitive semantics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Washio, Ryuichi. 1997. “Resultatives, compositionality and language variation.” Journal of East Asian
Linguistics 6, 1-49.
Yotsuya, Atsuko et al. 2014. “Crosslinguistic effects in L2 acquisition: Strong/weak resultatives and the
directional/locational interpretation of PPs in L2 English by Japanese speakers.” In Ryan T.
Miller et al. (Ed.), Selected Proceedngs of the 2012 Second Language Research Forum, 89-
100. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.