![Pharmacognosy_2[1].pptxBHBHDWJHGDJWGDUYWVWGWYDD](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pharmacognosy21-241026200504-5ca2ad3d-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
More Related Content
Similar to Liliaceae and labiatae family pharmacognosy (20)
Recently uploaded (20)
Liliaceae and labiatae family pharmacognosy
- 1. LILIACEAE / LILY FAMILY
- 2. The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of monocotyledons Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers .
- 3. Liliaceae are mostly perennial herbs with rhizomes, bulbs or fibrous roots. It comprises comprising about 280 genera and 4,000 species HABIT: Plants are perennials herbs. HABITAT: It is widely distributed all over the world that especially abundant in sub-tropical and temperate regions
- 4. STEM: Herbaceous, rhizomes, bulbs, tubers or corms with adventitious roots. LEAVES: Radical or cauline usually exstipulate, simple, sheathing at the base with parallel venations.
- 5. INFLORESCENCE: raceme or sometimes cymose FLOWER: Regular, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, Hypogynous, trimerous. Bracteate and bracts are usually small and scarious (thin, dry and membranous) PERIANTH: Perianths are petaloid. These are usually six in two whorls. They may be 3+ 3 and free (Ployphylous), or (3+3) and united ( Gamophyllous)
- 6. ANDROCEIUM: 6 stamens in two whorls 3 each, rarely 3, polyandrous sometimes epiphyllous
- 7. GYNAECIUM: Tricarpillary, syncarpous, ovary superior, tri locular ovules usually numerous, placentation axile, style free or united.
- 9. COLCHICUM
- 10. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Colchicum autumnale, Colchicum luteum Common Name: Cormus colchici, Autumn crocus corm. Part used: Dried seeds and corms Habit: Annual herb Habitat: England, Poland, USA, Holland In india luteum is used as a substituent for C. autumnale Constituents: Mainly contain alkaloids The major alkaloid is
- 11. Colchicine(0.3-0.8%) Colchicoresin Colchicein Steroidal saponins Cardiac glycosides Anthracene glycosides Fixed oils Starch Glucose
- 12. Corms also contains Resin Starch COLCHICINE
- 13. MEDICINAL USES: Colchicine is used to relieve the pain and inflammation of gout and rheumatism. It is a mitotic inhibitor and is used in malignant tumors but is toxic. demecolcine is less toxic and is recommended in Myeloid leukaemia. In higher doses colchicine is toxic and causes vomiting, diarrhoea and death due to respiratory failure. It is used for causing polypoidy.
- 14. ALOE
- 15. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), Aloe ferox, Aloe perryi Common Name: Aloe Part used: Dried juice collected by incision from the bases of the leaves Habit: Xerophyte/ may be shrub, tree, herb Habitat: South and North Africa, West indies, India. Constituents: Mainly contain anthraquinone glycosides
- 16. That is Barbaloin Isobarbaloin 硫-barbaloin Chrysophanic acid Resinous matter Volatile oil
- 17. MEDICINAL USES: Aloe is a drastic cathartic and should not be used alone. It is abortifacient in higher doses. Ointment of aloe gel is used in sun burns, thermal burns, radiation burns abrasions and skin irritations.
- 18. GARLIC
- 19. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Allium sativum Common Name: Garlic,Lasan Part used: Ripe bulb Habit: Herb Habitat: Cultivated in India, South Russia, Europe, Italy and USA. Constituents: Main constituent is volatile oil containing allyl disulphide, Allin
- 20. Allicin Allyl propyl disulphide Diallyl disulphide It also contains Thio glycosides Aminoacids Fatty acids Vitamins Mucilage Albumin
- 23. The original family name is Labiatae, so given because the flowers typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip. Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name "Lamiaceae" in referring to this family.
- 24. It is the large including about 236 genera and 7173 species, almost cosmopolitan, but absent from the coldest regions of high altitude or latitude characteristically bearing essential oils HABIT: Plants are annual, biennial and perennials herbs, sub shrubs, shrubs and trees. HABITAT: It is widely distributed in Mediterranean region to central Asia.
- 25. STEM: Quadrangular, erect to prostate sometimes forming stolons or large or slender rhizomes. LEAVES: opposite, often decussate some times whorled, rarely alternate, simple , entire sometimes compound, estipulate.petiolated
- 26. INFLORESCENCE: raceme or spike of verticillasters or reduced verticillaster FLOWER: Pentamerous rarely tetramerous, Hypogynous, Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic. COROLLA: 4-5 petals, gamopetalous distinctly two- lipped or rarely entire, almost regular.
- 27. CALYX: 4-5 sepals, gamosepalous, funnel shaped, sometime two lipped ANDROCEIUM: 4 stamens, didynamous rarely equal, sometimes only 2, epipetalous. GYNAECIUM: Bicarpillary, syncarpous, ovary superior, tetra locular due to the formation or a false septum in each carpel.
- 28. placentation Axile, gynobasic FRUIT: usually non-fleshy, or fleshy (rarely); more or less a schizocarp
- 30. IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF LABIATAE FAMILY
- 32. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Mentha piperita Common Name: Brandy mint. Part used: Dried leaves and flowering tops Habit: A perennial herb Habitat: Indigenous to Europe Cultivated in USA, Canada Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil (1%) The major volatile oil is menthol (3055%) menthone (1432%).
- 33. Menthol occurs mostly in the free alcohol form, with small quantities as the acetate (35%) and valerate esters. Other monoterpenes present include isomenthone (210%), 1,8-cineole (614%), 留-pinene (1.01.5%), 硫-pinene (12%), limonene (15%), neomenthol (2.53.5%) and menthofuran (19%)
- 34. It also contains Resin Tannins MENTHOL
- 35. Medicinal uses Mint oil Oil is used as carminative analgesic anti-inflammatory antiseptic as flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals, food, alcoholic soft drinks. sinusitis.
- 36. Menthol is value able anti neuralgic helpful in relieving symptoms of bronchitis and sinusitis. For this purpose it is mixed with camphor and eucalyptus oil and given in the form of inhalations and ointments.
- 37. THYME
- 38. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Thymus vulgaris Common Name: thyme, Garden thyme Part used: Dried leaves and flowering tops Habit: A perennial sub shrub Habitat: Indigenous to Spain Cultivated in USA, Germany and Australia Constituents: Mainly contain phenolic volatile oil The major volatile oil is Thymol (60%)
- 39. Carvacrol 60% Cymene Camphene d- borneol Linalool Other constituents includes Tannins Caffeic acid Flavones
- 40. Thyme oil(B.P): obtained by steam distillation from fresh aerial parts and contain thymol 36-55%, carvacrol and 粒- terpinene together with linalool. MEDICINAL USES Antiseptic, antispasmodic, Antioxidant carminative Anti tussive lozenges
- 41. Commercially the oil is used in mouth washes, gargles, toothpaste and cough
- 42. OCIMUM BASILICUM
- 43. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Ocimum basilicum Common Name: Sweet basil, Common basil, Niazboo Part used: Dried leaves and flowering tops Habit: Annual herb Habitat: Native to tropical Asia and Africa Cultivated in throughout Europe, Mediterranean region and Pacific islands. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil
- 44. The major volatile oil is Linalool (60%) Methyl chavicol Eugenol Limonene Citronellal Cineol Camphor
- 45. MEDICINAL USES Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative Expectorant In china used in stomach and kidney problems Oil is used in perfumes, soaps and cosmetic industries. Used in aroma therapy.
- 46. SPEARMINT
- 47. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Mentha spicata Common Name: Pudeena, Green Mint Part used: Dried leaves and flowering tops` Habit: Perennial herb Habitat: Native to Mediterranean region common throughout Europe, Western Asia and the Middle East. Constituents: Mainly contain volatile oil
- 48. The major volatile oil is Carvone (60%) DihydroCarvone Phellandrene Limonene Menthone Cineol 留-pinene
- 49. MEDICINAL USES Anesthetic Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative Expectorant Astringent Oil is used in perfumes, soaps and cosmetic industries. Used in aroma therapy.
- 50. SALVIA
- 51. BOTANICAL ORIGION: Salvia officinalis Common Name: garden sage, common sage Part used: Dried leaves and flowering tops. Habit: Perennial subshrub Habitat: Europe, Indo- Pak Constituents:
- 52. Yellow or greenish yellow volatile oil . Tannins Resin A hydrocarbon, Salvene Pinene and Cineol in small quantities. Borneol and some esters. Thujone (alpha & beta Thujone) Dextro- Camphor in trace. Vitamin A & C is present. Rosmarinic acid Flavonoids bitter compounds (salvin and picrosalvin)
- 53. MEDICINAL USES Carminative Flavouring Diuretic For toothache As condiment Diuretic