1. The document describes several chemical reactions through equations. It introduces reactants and products for reactions such as HCl + NaOH yielding NaCl + H2O.
2. Tables show data for the reaction of Mg and HCl over time, indicating the reaction is exothermic as heat is produced.
3. Different types of chemical reactions are defined such as exothermic, endothermic, and catalytic reactions which speed up reaction rates.
1. The document describes several chemical reactions through equations. It introduces reactants and products for reactions such as HCl + NaOH yielding NaCl + H2O.
2. Tables show data for the reaction of Mg and HCl over time, indicating the reaction is exothermic as heat is produced.
3. Different types of chemical reactions are defined such as exothermic, endothermic, and catalytic reactions which speed up reaction rates.
The document discusses the binomial theorem and expanding binomial expressions. It provides examples of expanding (x + y)n, (2x + y)3, (x - 2y)3, and (a - b)n for various values of n. It then applies the binomial theorem to expand (x3 + 2)15 and calculates the coefficient of the x45 term, which is 5,005.
1. The multiplication principle is used to calculate the number of possible outcomes of multiple independent events. It states that the total number of outcomes is the product of the number of possible outcomes of each individual event.
2. An example calculates the number of possible arrangements of picking committees of 3 people from 13 eligible people, which is 131313 = 2,197 arrangements.
3. Another example uses the multiplication principle and factorial notation to calculate the number of possible arrangements of assigning 4 students to complete 4 tasks, which is 4321 = 24 arrangements.
1. 犢犖犖犖о顕犖÷牽犢 犖項犖 9.1
犢犖犖劇賢犖 犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖犖迦検 犖
犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖迦検 ( Polynomail Equations )
犖
犢
犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖朽犖萎犖ム顕犖о犖犢 犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖園硯犢犖犖犢犖犖朽権犖о犖朽検犖朽肩犖園検犖犖犖萎肩犖 犖犖犖 犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犢犖犢犖
犢 犖
犢犖ム鍵犖÷元犖犖朽犖犖 犢犖÷犖犖犖犖迦検
犢 犢
犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖迦献犖園 n 犖犖萎賢犖∇弦犢犖犖犖 犖 a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + a n 2 x n 2 + K + a 0 = 0
犢犖÷厳犖 n 犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犢犖犢犖÷犖о 犢犖ム鍵 a n , a n 1 , a n 2 ,K, a 1 , a 0 犢犖犢 犖犖犖園検犖犖犖萎肩犖 犖犖犖 犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖朽犖犢 犖
犢
犖犢犖迦犖о犖犖犖 犖 犢犖犖∇犖 a n 0 犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖迦献犖園 n 犖犖萎見犖迦犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖犖迦犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖÷賢
犢
犖犖∇顕犖犖犢犖犖∇見犖犖謹犖犖迦
犖犖む県犖犖朽犖犖犖ム険犖犖÷献犖犖犖犖犖園犖犖犖巌 ( Fundamental Theorem of Algebra )
犖
犢
犖犢犖 p(x ) 犢犖犢 犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖朽検犖朽犖朽犖犖 犖÷顕犖犖犖о顕犖犖項犖∇犢犖ム犖 犖犖÷犖迦牽 p(x ) = 0
犢
犖犖萎検犖朽犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犢犖犖巌犖犢犖犖犖犖∇顕犖犖犢犖犖∇見犖犖謹犖犢犖迦犖犖
犢
犖犖む県犖犖朽犖 犖犢犖 p(x ) 犢犖犢 犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖朽犖犖 n 1 犢犖ム犖 犖犖÷犖迦牽 p(x ) = 0
犖
犖犖萎検犖朽犖迦犖犖犖犖3犖犖犖÷ n 犖犢犖迦犖犖 (犖犖園犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犢3 犖迦犖犖犢犖о権)
犢
犢
犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖迦献犖園犖犖犖犖犖萎犖犖朽権犖犢犖犖犖 犖 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 犢犖÷厳犖 a , b 犢犖ム鍵 c 犢犖犢 犖
犖犢犖迦犖о犖犖犖 犖犢犖犢 犢犖ム鍵 a 0 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖犖迦牽犖犖迦牽犖迦犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖犖犖犖園犖犖 犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犢 犖
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 犢犖犖÷賢 犖犖迦牽犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖犖迦牽犖迦犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犢犖迦犖犖朽権犖 2 犖о鹸犖犖
1. 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖
b 2 4ac
2. 犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖犢犖犖項犖 x = b 賊
2a
犖犖む県犖犖朽犖 犖犢犖迦犢犖迦犖о犢犖犖巌犖犢犖犖 z 犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検
p( x ) = x n + a 1 x n 1 + a 2 x n 2 + K + a n 1 x + a n = 0
犢犖犖∇犖朽肩犖園検犖犖犖萎肩犖 犖犖犖 a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,K, a n 犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犖犖犖 犖 犢犖ム犖о肩犖園犖∇幻犖 z
犖犖萎犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖3 犖犖о権 犢
2. 犖犖む県犖犖朽犖犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖 ( Factor Theorem )
犢 犢 犢 犖 犢
犖犖迦見犖犖 p(x ) 犢犖犢 犖犖犖伍見犖犖迦検犖犖朽検犖朽犖朽犖犖 犖÷顕犖犖犖о顕犖犖犖 犖犢犖犖迦犖 1 犖犖萎犖犢犖о顕
犢犢
犖犖犖 犖犖迦検 p(x ) 犖÷元 x c 犢犖犢 犖犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖犖犢犖÷厳犖 p(c) = 0
犖犖む県犖犖朽犖犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犢犖迦犖о犖犖犖犖犖∇鍵
犢
犖犖迦見犖犖 p(x ) 犢犖犢 犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犢犖犖犖 犖 a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + a n 2 x n 2 + K + a 0
犢犖犖∇犖 n 犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犢犖犢犖÷犖о a n , a n 1 , a n 3 ,K, a 1 , a 0 犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犢犖犢犖 犖犖 犖 a n 0
k
犖犢犖 x 犢犖犢 犖犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖犖犖犖犖 犖犖迦検 p(x ) 犢犖犖∇犖 m 犢犖ム鍵 k
m
犢犖犢 犖犖犢犖迦犖о犢犖犢犖÷犖 犖 m 0 犢犖ム鍵 犖.犖.犖. 犖犖犖 m 犢犖ム鍵 k 犖犖劇賢 1 犢犖ム犖 m 犖犖迦牽 a n 犖ム犖犖園硯
犢犖ム鍵 k 犖犖迦牽 a n 犖ム犖犖園硯
犢 犢 犢
犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖犖 犖犖迦検犖犖朽検犖朽犖迦献犖園犖犖 犖犖犖о顕 2 犖犖萎犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犢犖犢犢犖犖∇犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖 犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖園硯
犢 犖
犖犖犖萎犖犖犖犖萎犖犢犖о犖朽犖迦牽犢犖∇犖犖園硯犖犖犖萎犖犖犢犖犖犢犖犖犖3 犖犖犖∇弦犖犖犢犖犖犖∇ 犢犖犖
犖 犢
犖犖園硯犖犖∇ 犖迦犖犖 1 犖犖犖犖迦犢犖迦犖犖犖犖3 犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽 2x 4 + x 3 2x 1 = 0
犖о鹸犖犖朽犖
犢 2x 4 + x 3 2x 1 = 0
(2 x 4 + x 3 ) + (2 x 1) = 0
x 3 (2 x + 1) (2 x + 1) = 0
(2 x + 1)( x 3 1) = 0
(2 x + 1)( x 1)( x 2 + x + 1) = 0
1賊 1 4 i 1 賊 3i
犖犖迦 x2 + x +1 = 0 犖犖萎犖犢 x= =
2 2
1 1 賊 3i
犖犖萎犖3 犖 x= 犖犖犖 犖 x =1 犖犖犖 犖 x=
2 2
1 1 + 3i 1 3i
犖犖園犖犖3 犖 犖犢犖迦犖犖犖犖3 犖犖犖÷犖犖犖犖犖÷犖迦牽犖犖劇賢 ,1, ,
2 2 2