Medium theory slides - mobile og sociale medier F2013Anders Hjortskov LarsenMedium Theory forelæsning - Center For Undevisningsudvikling Og Digitale Medier.
Medium theory slides - Kommunikationsmiljøer e15Anders Hjortskov LarsenMedium theory - Kommunikationsmiljøer e15 Informationsvidenskab Aarhus Universitet
Communication TheoriesSomaiyaThis document provides an overview of several communication theories including:
1. Agenda-setting theory which suggests that media influences what issues the public considers important.
2. Uses and gratification theory which examines how audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like information, identity, and entertainment.
3. Cultivation theory proposes that heavy television viewing shapes peoples' perceptions of social reality in ways that reflect what is portrayed on TV.
4. Gatekeeping theory describes how media professionals control the flow of information reaching the public by selecting which stories to publish or air.
Marshall McLuhanUniversity of Calgary, School of Creative and Performing Arts- The document discusses Marshall McLuhan's book "The Gutenberg Galaxy" which analyzes how the printing press and typography caused major shifts in Western thought.
- McLuhan integrated the work of others into his own writing to support his ideas about how technology influences society and perception. He cites sources like William Blake and John Ruskin.
- In the conclusion, McLuhan questions what new forms of perception and literacy may emerge as print culture intersects with new electric media technologies. He intended to further explore this subject in his next book "Understanding Media."
Marshall McLuhan & Innovation TheorySuna GurolThis PPT briefly explains media theorist Marshall McLuhan's "The Message is the Medium" and contrasts his theory with two innovation theory readings. It ends with three class discussion points about McLuhan and his relevancy today.
Chapter29 standpoint theory (1)ByMar Diversity and Communication TrainingThis document discusses Nancy Hartsock's feminist standpoint theory. It provides background on Hartsock, including that she is a philosopher known for her work in feminist epistemology and standpoint theory. The document then outlines several key assumptions of Hartsock's feminist standpoint theory, including that social location shapes understandings, subordinate groups have a clearer vision than ruling groups due to their struggle, and situated knowledge is grounded in context. Finally, the document defines some key concepts in standpoint theory, such as standpoint referring to a mental position from which life is viewed.
The Knowledge GapCarmen NeghinaCarmen Neghina & Alina Oprea
Overview of the Knowledge Gap theory, developed by Tichenor. Analysis, criticism and recommendations
Knowledge gap theoryPunjab University LahoreThe Knowledge Gap Theory proposes that as the amount of information from mass media increases, those with higher socioeconomic status will gain knowledge at a faster rate than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. It predicts that both high and low SES groups will increase knowledge but high SES groups will increase more. Possible reasons for the knowledge gap include communication skills, existing knowledge, social contacts, selective exposure, and how media targets certain markets. While knowledge gaps may occur, they are not permanent, and can be reduced by certain conditions in content, channels, social factors, community structures, and individual motivation. The theory has been criticized for its traditional view of communication and for not ensuring the knowledge
Social identity theoryRyan MaxwellSocial Identity Theory proposes that people define themselves by their group memberships and will act to positively distinguish their own group from others in order to enhance their self-esteem. Groups prescribe beliefs for their members and individuals will favor their own group and work to advance it over other groups. People can achieve enhancement of their social identity through social mobility, social change, believing the status quo is unstable, or employing strategies that improve their group's status without directly challenging others.
Argumentation TheorycsmichoArgumentation theory is the study of how conclusions can be reached through logical reasoning and includes the analysis of civil debate, conversation, and persuasion. It examines different types of arguments used in various contexts such as legal, scientific, mathematical, and political. The field has broadened over time from its philosophical origins to consider arguments beyond formal systems. Effective arguing requires understanding one's purpose, knowing the details of the argument, listening to others, and not arguing with those unwilling to provide good reasons for their beliefs.
Social Identity TheoryChristie BarakatThis document discusses social identification theories as they relate to acculturating individuals and groups. It draws from literature on social, ethnic, and cross-cultural psychology applied to immigrant, sojourner, and refugee studies. Key aspects covered include cultural and ethnic identity formation; social identity theory and the importance of group membership for self-esteem; intergroup biases, attitudes, and relations; and the influence of characteristics like perceived discrimination on acculturation and adaptation outcomes.
Uses and gratification theory-presentationTrang PhamThe document discusses uses and gratification theory (U&G theory), which states that audiences actively engage with media to fulfill certain needs rather than media having a passive influence. It provides the historical background of U&G theory from the 1920s onward and outlines key reasons for media use including information, personal identity, entertainment, integration and social interaction. It also discusses how U&G theory remains relevant today due to concepts like interactivity and asynchroneity and the development of new media.
Attachment TheoryKangkan BoroPresentation on Child and Adult Attachment Theory. Also includes result of a small survey done with my friends. Part of the 'Personality and Development' course at IIT Delhi
Exploring Media Theory Lecture 7 Marshall McLuhanMarcus LeaningThis lecture provides an overview of Marshall McLuhan's influential media theory work. McLuhan argued that the medium or form of communication is more important than the content. He believed each era was dominated by a different communication medium that shaped human experience, moving from oral to print to electronic. McLuhan is considered a "formalist" who focused on how media technology structures society rather than what messages mean to audiences. While criticized for lacking evidence, McLuhan's work predicted trends of new media and the "global village."
Medium theory slides - mobile og sociale medier F2013Anders Hjortskov LarsenMedium Theory forelæsning - Center For Undevisningsudvikling Og Digitale Medier.
Medium theory slides - Kommunikationsmiljøer e15Anders Hjortskov LarsenMedium theory - Kommunikationsmiljøer e15 Informationsvidenskab Aarhus Universitet
Communication TheoriesSomaiyaThis document provides an overview of several communication theories including:
1. Agenda-setting theory which suggests that media influences what issues the public considers important.
2. Uses and gratification theory which examines how audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like information, identity, and entertainment.
3. Cultivation theory proposes that heavy television viewing shapes peoples' perceptions of social reality in ways that reflect what is portrayed on TV.
4. Gatekeeping theory describes how media professionals control the flow of information reaching the public by selecting which stories to publish or air.
Marshall McLuhanUniversity of Calgary, School of Creative and Performing Arts- The document discusses Marshall McLuhan's book "The Gutenberg Galaxy" which analyzes how the printing press and typography caused major shifts in Western thought.
- McLuhan integrated the work of others into his own writing to support his ideas about how technology influences society and perception. He cites sources like William Blake and John Ruskin.
- In the conclusion, McLuhan questions what new forms of perception and literacy may emerge as print culture intersects with new electric media technologies. He intended to further explore this subject in his next book "Understanding Media."
Marshall McLuhan & Innovation TheorySuna GurolThis PPT briefly explains media theorist Marshall McLuhan's "The Message is the Medium" and contrasts his theory with two innovation theory readings. It ends with three class discussion points about McLuhan and his relevancy today.
Chapter29 standpoint theory (1)ByMar Diversity and Communication TrainingThis document discusses Nancy Hartsock's feminist standpoint theory. It provides background on Hartsock, including that she is a philosopher known for her work in feminist epistemology and standpoint theory. The document then outlines several key assumptions of Hartsock's feminist standpoint theory, including that social location shapes understandings, subordinate groups have a clearer vision than ruling groups due to their struggle, and situated knowledge is grounded in context. Finally, the document defines some key concepts in standpoint theory, such as standpoint referring to a mental position from which life is viewed.
The Knowledge GapCarmen NeghinaCarmen Neghina & Alina Oprea
Overview of the Knowledge Gap theory, developed by Tichenor. Analysis, criticism and recommendations
Knowledge gap theoryPunjab University LahoreThe Knowledge Gap Theory proposes that as the amount of information from mass media increases, those with higher socioeconomic status will gain knowledge at a faster rate than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. It predicts that both high and low SES groups will increase knowledge but high SES groups will increase more. Possible reasons for the knowledge gap include communication skills, existing knowledge, social contacts, selective exposure, and how media targets certain markets. While knowledge gaps may occur, they are not permanent, and can be reduced by certain conditions in content, channels, social factors, community structures, and individual motivation. The theory has been criticized for its traditional view of communication and for not ensuring the knowledge
Social identity theoryRyan MaxwellSocial Identity Theory proposes that people define themselves by their group memberships and will act to positively distinguish their own group from others in order to enhance their self-esteem. Groups prescribe beliefs for their members and individuals will favor their own group and work to advance it over other groups. People can achieve enhancement of their social identity through social mobility, social change, believing the status quo is unstable, or employing strategies that improve their group's status without directly challenging others.
Argumentation TheorycsmichoArgumentation theory is the study of how conclusions can be reached through logical reasoning and includes the analysis of civil debate, conversation, and persuasion. It examines different types of arguments used in various contexts such as legal, scientific, mathematical, and political. The field has broadened over time from its philosophical origins to consider arguments beyond formal systems. Effective arguing requires understanding one's purpose, knowing the details of the argument, listening to others, and not arguing with those unwilling to provide good reasons for their beliefs.
Social Identity TheoryChristie BarakatThis document discusses social identification theories as they relate to acculturating individuals and groups. It draws from literature on social, ethnic, and cross-cultural psychology applied to immigrant, sojourner, and refugee studies. Key aspects covered include cultural and ethnic identity formation; social identity theory and the importance of group membership for self-esteem; intergroup biases, attitudes, and relations; and the influence of characteristics like perceived discrimination on acculturation and adaptation outcomes.
Uses and gratification theory-presentationTrang PhamThe document discusses uses and gratification theory (U&G theory), which states that audiences actively engage with media to fulfill certain needs rather than media having a passive influence. It provides the historical background of U&G theory from the 1920s onward and outlines key reasons for media use including information, personal identity, entertainment, integration and social interaction. It also discusses how U&G theory remains relevant today due to concepts like interactivity and asynchroneity and the development of new media.
Attachment TheoryKangkan BoroPresentation on Child and Adult Attachment Theory. Also includes result of a small survey done with my friends. Part of the 'Personality and Development' course at IIT Delhi
Exploring Media Theory Lecture 7 Marshall McLuhanMarcus LeaningThis lecture provides an overview of Marshall McLuhan's influential media theory work. McLuhan argued that the medium or form of communication is more important than the content. He believed each era was dominated by a different communication medium that shaped human experience, moving from oral to print to electronic. McLuhan is considered a "formalist" who focused on how media technology structures society rather than what messages mean to audiences. While criticized for lacking evidence, McLuhan's work predicted trends of new media and the "global village."
Agenda Setting TheoryArun JacobAgenda-setting theory posits that the news media determines the issues the public thinks are important by focusing attention on specific topics and influencing perceptions. Research by McCombs and Shaw showed strong correlations between the media agenda and public agenda on election issues, indicating the media influences what the public thinks about even if not what to think. The media sets its agenda through gatekeepers and influences those with high needs for orientation the most.
Media representation theoryThomas GriffithsMedia Representation Theory discusses how media constructs representations of reality through various processes. Some key aspects of representation theory are:
1) Representation involves the construction of people, places, events and identities in any medium like mass media.
2) Representations involve how identities are constructed in the text as well as in the processes of production and reception.
3) Representations aim to seem 'natural' by positioning subjects in particular ways that serve ideologies.
Analyzing representations involves considering whose realities are represented and whose are denied through semiotics and other formal analysis methods.
Two-Step Flow TheorynewmediatheoryThe two-step flow theory of communication proposes that (1) opinion leaders first receive information from the mass media and (2) then pass on their interpretations of that information to less active individuals. The theory was developed by Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet and further expanded on by Katz and Lazarsfeld. It uses a model where opinion leaders pay close attention to media messages and influence others similar to them, while the "influentials" look to the opinion leaders rather than directly receiving information from the media.
Social IdentityDr. Dena RoskoThis document discusses social identity theory, which proposes that people have both personal identities and social identities based on their group memberships. It describes how social identity impacts communication and behavior. Key points include:
- Social identity is how people define themselves based on their group memberships rather than individual attributes.
- Groups use prototypes or ideals to define themselves and differentiate from other groups.
- Stereotyping can occur when viewing other groups through the lens of a prototype rather than as individuals.
- Communication helps shape social identities and how groups understand themselves.
Representation theoryAndy WallisRepresentation theory examines how media represent people, places, events and concepts through images, words and sounds. It considers how representations are constructed and how they seem natural to audiences. Representations are selective and involve processes of production, distribution and reception that shape meaning. Audiences interpret representations based on their own experiences and backgrounds.
Bowlby's theory of attachmentPreethi Balan- John Bowlby was a British psychiatrist who developed the theory of attachment, which proposes that the bonds formed between children and their caregivers have a significant impact that lasts throughout life.
- Key aspects of attachment theory include the four phases of attachment development from birth to 2 years old, the concept of an internal working model, and different styles of attachment identified in Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiments, including secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized attachment styles.
- Attachment theory has influenced research showing relationships between early attachment and later social/emotional development, as well as the importance of caregiver sensitivity and responsiveness in forming secure attachment. However, critics note it focuses primarily on the mother's role and evolutionary
Grundlæggende kommunikationsbegreber og internettet KPIe15Anders Hjortskov LarsenGrundlæggende kommunikationsbegreber og internettet, Kommuniktion På Internettet E15 V. Anders Hjortskov Larsen
Journalistik i sociale medier F15Anders Hjortskov LarsenFeltet mellem journalistik, kildekriterier, nyhedsværdi mm. overfor digital og sociale mediers potentialer.
2. DENNE FORELÆSNING
1. Intro
2. Medium theory definition
3. Social adfærd og roller
4. Pause
5. Medium theory og internettet
6. Gruppearbejde
3. Hvad er de relativt fikserede elementer ved den enkelte
kommunikationsbærer, og hvordan gør disse elementer
mediet fysisk, psykologisk og socialt forskelligt fra andre
medier og fra face-to-face interaktionen?
- Meyrowitz,‘Medium Theory’,1994
4. Hvad er medium theory?
Hvilke sociokulturelle implikationer har
indstiftelsen af et nyt medie?
6. Hvad er medium theory?
› Marshall McLuhan
Medium is the message
-berømt statement fra bogen Understanding Media: The Extension
of Man (1964)
Pointe: Fokus væk fra indhold, og i stedet over på, hvordan medier
distribuerer indholdet, og hvilke psykologiske, sociologiske, kulturelle og
politiske implikationer, medier har.
7. Hvad er medium theory?
› Marshall McLuhan klip fra 1969 - canadisk talkshow
8. Hvad er medium theory?
› Kort oprids
- Grundlaget for medievidenskaben
- Teori med udgangspunkt i medier fremfor indhold
- Fokus: Mediets virkning på den sociokulturelle
kontekst
- Kritisabel pga. den mediedeterminisme, der
findes hos traditionens koryfæer
9. Hvad er medium theory?
Definition A handful of scholars – mostly from fields
other that communication, sociology, and
psychology – have tried to call attention to
the potential influences of communication
technologies in addition to and apart from
the content they convey. I use the singular
medium theory to describe this research
tradition in order to differentiate it from
most other media theory (1994: 50).
Medium theory interesserer sig for de potentielle måder, hvorpå medier - og ikke
indhold - adskiller sig fra hinanden og kan have indflydelse på samfundet.
10. Hvad er medium theory?
› Definition Medium theory focuses on the particular
characteristics of each individual medium
or each particular type of media. Broadly
speaking medium theorist ask what are
the relatively fixed features of each mean
of communicating and how do these
features make the medium physically,
psychologically and socially different from
other media and from face-to-face
interaction (1994: 50).
Man må forstå det enkelte medie for at forstå dets indflydelse
- medium theory har traditionelt ikke fokuseret så meget på mediers samspil.
11. Hvad er medium theory?
› Definition
Medium theory undersøger ud fra variabler som:
• Hvilke sanser et medie fordrer af brugeren?
• Hvilken form for kommunikationsmodus - Er den
en- eller to-vejs?
• Hvad kræver mediet for at blive afkodet?
• Hvor mange personer kan modtage den samme
information på samme tid?
Sådanne variabler influerer mediets sociale,
politiske og psykologiske indvirkninger.
12. 2. Generation af Medium Theory
› Joshua Meyrowitz Mikro-niveau: Hvordan valg af medium spiller ind
i forhold til en specifik situation eller interaktion –
her trækker Meyrowitz på Goffmann
Makro-niveau: Hvordan indstiftelsen af et nyt
medie i en eksisterende matrice transformerer
sociale interaktioner og kulturer - her trækker
Meyrowitz på McLuhan
Den store helt på Medievidenskab!
Den hellige bog!
13. 2. Generation af Medium Theory
› Joshua Meyrowitz
3 typer af mediemetaforer, som kan anvendes
som perspektiver for, hvordan man undersøger
og analyserer medier:
1. Media as conduits (Kanaler)
2. Media as languages (Sprog)
3. Media as enviroments (Miljøer)
29. Diskussionsopgave
Hvilke vigtige pointer om Medium Theory
har I bidt mærke i indtil videre?
› Skriv tre punkter op
› Diskuter punkterne med sidemanden
› Opsamling
31. Medium theory og internettet
NIELS OLE FINNEMANN
“Medier som organiseret fysisk materiale,
der bruges til symbolske formål”
32. Medium theory og internettet
Computeren:
1. Et medie ved siden af de andre medier
2. Et medie, der kan integrere andre medier
3. Et medie, der aflaster andre medier og
fremmer refunktionaliseringen af disse
4. Et medie, der kan bruges i samspil med
andre medier.
33. Medium theory og internettet
Internettets potentialer for at præge det sociokulturelle:
› Det interaktive potentiale
› Arkiv-potentiale
› Det multisemiotiske potentiale
› Nettets potentialer som medie for både offentlig og privat
kommunikation
› Nettets potentialer som både et lokalt, regionalt, nationalt og
transnationalt medie
› Nettets potentialer for differentieret kommunikation
34. Medium theory og internettet
› Nancy Bayms syv nøglebegreber
- Interaktivitet
- Temporal struktur
- Sociale signaler
- Opbevaring
- Replikabilitet
- Rækkevidde
- Mobilitet
35. Medium theory og internettet
Nancy Baym:
Det dialogiske aspekt mellem medier medtages ikke.
Nye studier af medier er opmærksomme på, at man ikke får det fulde
billede ved at fokusere på socialitet indenfor et medie.
36. SIAPERA
It is not (...) the media as such that cause any kind of effects, but
rather their use, as embedded in existing sociocultural and political
contexts. At the same time (...) technology extends the domain of what
is feasible.
37. MOBILE MEDIER
› Absent presence
- Ens opmærksomhed er ikke nødvendigvis rettet
mod ens fysiske omgivelser
› Timeless time
- Evig kontakt, sammenblanding af fritid og arbejde
› Locality
- Stedet spiller større rolle i kommunikation. Det er
ikke på forhånd givet og bliver dermed et redskab
for selviscenesættelse
38. SOCIO-CULTURAL OUTCOMES
› Enhancement of individual autonomy
› Personalized space and time
› Tensions between private and public space
› Blurring of boundaries between work and leisure
› Renewed creativity and use of imagination
› But: Dominance of consumer culture
Personaliseret kultur, der kommer til udtryk i en
pseudo-individualisme baseret på forbrugervalg.
39. Gruppearbejde
• Find eksempler på hvordan Internettet, sociale og
mobile medier har påvirket det sociokulturelle felt
• Tag udgangspunkt i Finnemanns, Bayms og
Siaperas begreber