Hot rolled coils are produced by heating large metal workpieces like slabs, blooms, or billets to high temperatures in soaking pits or via induction heating. The heated metal is then passed through rolling mills to reduce the thickness. Approximately 96% of steel is continuously cast and hot rolled in an integrated process to reduce energy usage. Hot rolling is followed by controlled cooling to prevent residual stresses from uneven shrinkage. Mill scale, an oxide layer formed on the surface during high temperature exposure, is removed via pickling in hydrochloric acid. Common grades and finishes of hot rolled coils are also defined.
The document discusses various steel grading systems used internationally such as AISI, SAE, BS EN, JIS, and ASTM. It provides details on the naming conventions and systems used to designate steel grades based on their intended end use, mechanical properties, chemical composition, and more. BS EN 10027-1 and 10027-2 standards are described in depth for designating structural, alloy, tool, and stainless steels based on factors like carbon content, alloying elements, yield strength, and assigned number systems. Common end uses of certain grades are also briefly mentioned.
The document classifies and describes different types of plain carbon and alloy steels. It discusses three types of plain carbon steels based on carbon content: low carbon steels containing less than 0.25% carbon, medium carbon steels containing 0.25-0.60% carbon, and high carbon steels containing more than 0.60% carbon. It then provides details on properties, applications and heat treatment of each type. The document also classifies alloy steels into low alloy steels containing 3-4% alloying elements and high alloy steels containing over 5% alloying elements. It discusses AISI, HSLA, tool/die and stainless varieties of alloy steels.
Alloy steel is steel that contains other alloying elements in addition to carbon. Common alloying elements include manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron. Alloy steel has improved properties over carbon steel such as higher tensile strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, creep resistance, and high temperature resistance. These properties make alloy steel suitable for applications in automotive, engineering, construction, agriculture, home goods, and military uses. Production of alloy steel has been increasing to meet the demands of growing industries such as automotive and engineering.
Hot rolled coils are produced by heating large metal workpieces like slabs, blooms, or billets to high temperatures in soaking pits or via induction heating. The heated metal is then passed through rolling mills to reduce the thickness. Approximately 96% of steel is continuously cast and hot rolled in an integrated process to reduce energy usage. Hot rolling is followed by controlled cooling to prevent residual stresses from uneven shrinkage. Mill scale, an oxide layer formed on the surface during high temperature exposure, is removed via pickling in hydrochloric acid. Common grades and finishes of hot rolled coils are also defined.
The document discusses various steel grading systems used internationally such as AISI, SAE, BS EN, JIS, and ASTM. It provides details on the naming conventions and systems used to designate steel grades based on their intended end use, mechanical properties, chemical composition, and more. BS EN 10027-1 and 10027-2 standards are described in depth for designating structural, alloy, tool, and stainless steels based on factors like carbon content, alloying elements, yield strength, and assigned number systems. Common end uses of certain grades are also briefly mentioned.
The document classifies and describes different types of plain carbon and alloy steels. It discusses three types of plain carbon steels based on carbon content: low carbon steels containing less than 0.25% carbon, medium carbon steels containing 0.25-0.60% carbon, and high carbon steels containing more than 0.60% carbon. It then provides details on properties, applications and heat treatment of each type. The document also classifies alloy steels into low alloy steels containing 3-4% alloying elements and high alloy steels containing over 5% alloying elements. It discusses AISI, HSLA, tool/die and stainless varieties of alloy steels.
Alloy steel is steel that contains other alloying elements in addition to carbon. Common alloying elements include manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron. Alloy steel has improved properties over carbon steel such as higher tensile strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, creep resistance, and high temperature resistance. These properties make alloy steel suitable for applications in automotive, engineering, construction, agriculture, home goods, and military uses. Production of alloy steel has been increasing to meet the demands of growing industries such as automotive and engineering.
1. Carbon steels are classified as mild, medium, and high carbon based on their carbon content ranging from 0.05% to 1.5%. Mild steels contain up to 0.3% carbon, medium steels contain 0.3-0.7% carbon, and high carbon steels contain 0.7-1.5% carbon.
2. Alloy steels contain additional alloying elements added in amounts exceeding 1% to improve properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and hardenability. Common alloying elements include chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium.
3. Stainless steels contain a minimum of 11.5% chromium which
Material Science and Engineering
Ferrous Materials
Classification of Steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon steel
High carbon steel
Structural steel
stainless steel
Applications
This presentation will provide the non-metallurgist with a basic understanding of carbon and low alloy steels. First we'll describe the carbon and low alloy steels by examining the iron-carbon binary phase diagram and understand the basic microstructures as related to carbon content. We'll discuss the nomenclature of the different carbon and alloy steel groups. We will then examine how mechanical properties are influenced through carbon content, alloy additions and heat treatment. We will also discuss the differences in carbon and low alloy steels that are specified as structural steels and high strength-low alloy (HSLA) steels. Finally, we will address the issues of material selection, processing and finishing.
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