Microbial Diversity Part 10: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 4)
0 likes155 views
This document discusses archaea and their diversity. It describes some crenarchaeota that are thermophilic but maintain an internal neutral pH, and the discovery of new alkalithermophilic species. It also describes euryarchaeota, noting that many are methanogens found in digestive systems and environments that release methane. Halophiles can live in very salty and alkaline conditions. The document questions the traditional three-domain tree of life and suggests evidence for a new view is emerging, with taxon sampling being an important factor in how phylogenetic trees are constructed.
1 of 16
Download to read offline
Recommended
Urey Miller Experiment
Urey Miller ExperimentMelissa Wong
油
The document summarizes the Urey-Miller experiment, which tested the Oparin-Haldane theory on the origin of life. In 1953, Stanley Miller conducted an experiment where he simulated early Earth's atmosphere by introducing water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen gases into a closed system. Upon applying an electric discharge for a week, organic compounds such as amino acids were produced. Later experiments expanded on these findings. In 2015, a study showed that bacteria could grow when fed abiotically produced mixtures from Miller-Urey experiments. This supported the idea that early Earth provided a hospitable environment for the emergence of life.Dr. Bruce Damer @ QAU Pakistan-The Origin of Life & Life in the Universe
Dr. Bruce Damer @ QAU Pakistan-The Origin of Life & Life in the UniverseBruce Damer
油
Dr. Bruce Damer presents a talk linking the new "Hot Spring Hypothesis" for the origin of life to the search for life in our Solar System and beyond on exoplanets. His host, the renowned physicist and activist Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy, hosted this talk at the Physics department auditorium at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad , Pakistan. Dr. Bruce inflamed the minds of Pakistani students and professors alike as he took them on a rapid romp through lifes possible origins on Earth to the search for evidence for life on Mars in 2020, icy Enceladus in the next decade and onward to the likelihood of life on exoplanets. Dr. Bruce Damer and Prof. Pervez Hoodbhoy (presenters), Elixir Technologies Pakistan (recording and support). [presented 17 November 2017]. Find a podcast with audio, video and additional information about this presentation at: http://www.levityzone.org/lz-episode-059-origins-science-comes-pakistan/An Origin of Life in Salt Water or Fresh Water?
An Origin of Life in Salt Water or Fresh Water?Bruce Damer
油
Returning to Darwin's "Warm Little Pond" with the Terrestrial Origin of Life Hypothesis. Presented at the Australasian Astrobiology Meeting, Perth, July 2016. Presented by Dr. Bruce Damer, U.C. Santa Cruz.Origin of life
Origin of lifePeter Egorov
油
New articles were published at the end of the 2017 about "chicken-the-egg" question: which organic molecules were the first: nucleotides or amino acids. RNA world is still the predominant theory, but new studies on proteins could change that.Lactate Acid Concentration During Hypoxia in Crabs In
Lactate Acid Concentration During Hypoxia in Crabs InNicole Buck
油
This study measured lactate acid concentration in green crabs (Carcinus maenus) during periods of physical activity both in and out of water. The hypothesis was that lactate acid concentration would be highest when exercised out of water and would increase over time both in and out of water. Results showed a higher rate of lactic acid accumulation in crabs exercised out of water, indicating differences in anaerobic metabolism between air and water. However, there was not enough evidence to conclude one crab produced more lactate than the other. Future research should examine how the green crab's anaerobic metabolism compares to native species and is affected by environmental stressors.Miller Urey Experiment
Miller Urey ExperimentSAROJ KUMAR PUJHARI
油
Miller and Urey conducted an experiment in 1953 to test the Oparin-Haldane theory that organic molecules could have formed on the early Earth. They placed water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen gases in an apparatus and provided electrical sparks as an energy source to simulate lightning. After one week, they detected amino acids such as glycine and alanine in the solution, supporting the idea that simple organic compounds could have been produced by chemical reactions in the early Earth's atmosphere.Microbial Diversity Part 6: Life on Mars?
Microbial Diversity Part 6: Life on Mars?RachelMackelprang
油
This document discusses the possibility of life on Mars, both in the past and present. It outlines some of the key challenges to life existing on Mars currently due to the lack of a protective magnetic field and atmosphere. However, evidence suggests Mars was once more hospitable. The document then discusses NASA's Mars 2020 mission which aims to return samples to Earth that could provide evidence of past or present Martian life through biomarkers, isotopic experiments with labeled substrates, or potentially DNA analysis if Mars and Earth life share a common ancestor. Contamination detection is a key challenge that must be addressed.3ero 1 historyof life mine
3ero 1 historyof life mineAndrea S叩nchez del Rio
油
The document summarizes theories of the origin and evolution of life on Earth. It describes how the early Earth formed from dust and debris after the Big Bang. Over billions of years, the Earth cooled and developed an atmosphere conducive to the formation of organic molecules and early life like bacteria. Bacteria that could perform photosynthesis introduced oxygen to the atmosphere. Later, eukaryotic cells developed through endosymbiosis between bacteria and archaea. Evolution of more complex multicellular organisms occurred over subsequent eras, with humans emerging recently on the evolutionary timescale.
Archaebacteria
ArchaebacteriaLeaLeaAgustin
油
Archaebacteria are the oldest organisms on Earth and are found in extreme environments like deep sea vents or volcanic areas. They are classified into several phyla including Euryarchaeota, which contains methanogens and halophiles, and Crenarchaeota, which contains thermophiles. Archaebacteria are important for studying ancient Earth conditions, producing methane through anaerobic digestion, and synthesizing thermophilic enzymes.Archeabacteria presentation
Archeabacteria presentationHina Zamir Noori
油
The archaebacteria
group members
Rameen nadeem
Syeda iqra hussain
Hina zamir
Mahnoor khan
Maleeha inayat
Background
Biologists have long organized living things into large groups called kingdoms.
There are six of them:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Some recent findings
In 1996, scientists decided to split Monera into two groups of bacteria:
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Because these two groups of bacteria were different in many ways scientists created a new level of classification called a DOMAIN.
Now we have 3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Any of a large group of primitive bacteria having unusual cell walls, membrane lipids, ribosomes, and RNA sequences, and having the ability to produce methane and to live in anaerobic, extremely hot, salty, or acidic conditions
The Domain Archaea
ancient bacteria
Some of the first archaebacteria were discovered in Yellowstone National Parks hot springs
Prokaryotes are structurally simple, but biochemically complex
Basic Facts
They live in extreme environments (like hot springs or salty lakes) and normal environments (like soil and ocean water).
All are unicellular (each individual is only one cell).
No peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
Some have a flagella that aids in their locomotion.
Most dont need oxygen to survive
They can produce ATP (energy) from sunlight
They can survive enormous temperature extremes
They can survive under rocks and in ocean floor vents deep below the oceans surface
They can tolerate huge pressure differences
STRUCTURE
Size
Archaea are slightly less than 1 micron long.
A micron is 1/1,000 of a millimeter.
In order to see their cellular features, scientists use powerful electron microscopes.
Shape
Shapes can be spherical or ball shaped and are called coccus.
Others are rod shaped, long and thin, and labeled bacillus.
Variations of cells have been discovered in square and triangular shapes.
STRUCTURE
Locomotion
Some archaea have flagella, hair-like structures that assist in movement.
There can be one or many attached to the cell's outer membrane. Protein networks can also be found on the cell membrane, which allow cells to attach themselves in groups.
Cell Features
Within the cell membrane, the archaea cell contains cytoplasm and DNA, which are in single-looped forms called plasmids.
Most archaeal cells also have a semi-rigid cell wall that helps it to maintain its shape and chemical balance.
This protects the cytoplasm, which is the semi-liquid gel that fills the cell and enables the various parts to function.
STRUCTURE
Phospholipids
The molecules that make up cell membranes are called phospholipids, which act as building blocks for the cell.
In archaea, these molecules are made of glycerol-ether lipids.
Ether Bonding
The ether bonding makes it possible for archaea to survive in environments that are extremely acidic or alEXTREMOPHILES.pdf
EXTREMOPHILES.pdfRavindraChoudhary57
油
Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme conditions of pH, temperature, or salinity. Some bacteria and archaea live in extremely hot or cold temperatures, while others live in very salty or acidic/alkaline environments. One example is Nanoarchaeum equitans, a dwarf archaeon that lives in temperatures between 70-98属C. Methanogens are a group of archaea that produce methane through anaerobic metabolism. Halophilic archaea thrive in hypersaline environments through adaptations like transport proteins that pump ions across their cell membranes. Acidophiles maintain pH homeostasis through active proton pumps and passive DNA/protein repair systems that protect against acid damage.Marine Biological Association Conference 2012, University College Cork, Oral ...
Marine Biological Association Conference 2012, University College Cork, Oral ...Shane Reilly
油
This study characterized the microbial community structure of a dormant pockmark on the Malin Shelf off the coast of Ireland. Analysis showed distinct bacterial and archaeal populations compared to known high-activity methane seep sites. Psychrobacter and Sulfitobacter species dominated the bacterial communities and exhibited genetic divergence between sediment depths. Minor groups related to active seepage were also present, suggesting low ongoing methane seepage. The lack of known sulfate-reducing bacteria and dominance of heterotrophic proteobacteria feeding on organic matter suggests this dormant pockmark community is in a transitional stage following reduced fluid flow.Kingdoms archaebacteria
Kingdoms archaebacteriaSMAK 5 Penabur
油
This document summarizes different types of bacteria, including their features, nutrition preferences, kingdoms, and extremophiles that live in extreme environments. It discusses prokaryotes and eukaryotes, important bacterial features, locomotion methods, nutrition types, oxygen preferences, the two bacterial kingdoms of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, and groups of Archaebacteria including methanogens, halophiles, and thermoacidophiles. It also outlines different extreme environments and the bacteria that thrive in high temperatures, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity.Kingdoms archaebacteria
Kingdoms archaebacteriaSMAK 5 Penabur
油
This document summarizes different types of bacteria, including their features, nutrition preferences, kingdoms, and extremophile groups. It discusses prokaryotes and eukaryotes, then focuses on archaebacteria and eubacteria kingdoms. Various extremophile groups are described that live in extreme environments of high temperature, acidity, alkalinity, or salt concentration, including their habitats and applications. Thermophiles live in hot environments like thermal vents, while acidophiles inhabit acidic places and have uses in animal feed enzymes.Nima es english
Nima es englishnima ES
油
Brief description about :
Diversity
Euryarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
and more :
Extremely Halophilic Archaea
Archaebacteria
ArchaebacteriaPALANIANANTH.S
油
The word Archae came from the Greek word Arkhaion, which means Ancient.
Archae is also the Latin name for Prokaryotic Cells. Archaea that growing the hot water of the Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park produce a bright yellow color.
Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living organisms on earth. They belong to the kingdom Monera and are classified as bacteria because they resemble bacteria when observed under a microscope. Apart from this, they are completely distinct from prokaryotes. However, they share slightly common characteristics with the eukaryotes.Microbial Diversity Part 7: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt1)
Microbial Diversity Part 7: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt1)RachelMackelprang
油
Intro to some of the diversity, a discussion of the tree of life and major bacterial phyla, discussion of deep-branching thermophilesoriginoflife-131009190929-phpapp02.pdf
originoflife-131009190929-phpapp02.pdframoncarloalano
油
The document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including theories of special creation, spontaneous generation, biogenesis, biochemical evolution, and panspermia. It also describes experiments like the Urey-Miller experiment and the hypothesis that life began near deep sea hydrothermal vents, which provided chemical gradients and concentrations that could have led to the formation of organic molecules and eventually early life forms. Recent research has provided new insights but many questions around the exact mechanisms of how life first emerged on our planet remain unanswered.Origin of life
Origin of lifedamarisb
油
The document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including theories of special creation, spontaneous generation, biogenesis, biochemical evolution, and panspermia. It also describes experiments like the Urey-Miller experiment and the hypothesis that life began near deep sea hydrothermal vents, which provided chemical gradients and concentrations that could have led to the formation of organic molecules and eventually early life forms. Recent research has provided new insights but many questions around the exact mechanisms of how life first emerged on our planet remain unanswered.Microbial diversity in extreme enviornments
Microbial diversity in extreme enviornmentsNobenduMukerjee
油
This document discusses various types of extreme environments and the microorganisms that thrive in them. It defines oligotrophs as microbes that grow in nutrient-poor conditions. Thermophiles thrive in hot environments through adaptations like stabilizing DNA and membranes. Psychrophiles love cold through mechanisms like antifreeze proteins. Barophiles or piezophiles tolerate high pressure in deep sea environments. The document also discusses acidophiles, halophiles, metallophiles and solvent-tolerant microbes and their adaptations to survive in extreme conditions. It lists examples of microbes from each category and their natural habitats.Microbial diversity in extreme enviornments
Microbial diversity in extreme enviornmentsNobenduMukerjee
油
This document discusses various types of extreme environments and the microorganisms that thrive in them. It defines oligotrophs as microbes that grow in very low nutrient environments. Thermophiles thrive in hot environments and have adaptations like stabilizing proteins and membrane lipids. Psychrophiles love cold environments and produce antifreeze proteins. Barophiles or piezophiles thrive under high pressure, such as the deep sea. Metallophiles and acidophiles resist heavy metals and acid respectively. Halophiles thrive in highly saline environments. The document provides examples of microbes for each type and discusses their adaptations and habitats.Extremophiles
ExtremophilesRanjeettaram
油
This document provides an overview of extremophiles, which are microorganisms that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions. It begins by defining extremophiles and their classification based on extreme habitats. It then discusses various types of extremophiles in more depth, including thermophiles and hyperthermophiles that grow at high temperatures, psychrophiles that grow at low temperatures, acidophiles and alkaliphiles that grow at extreme pH, and barophiles that live under high pressure. For each type of extremophile, examples are given and their adaptations to survive in extreme conditions are described.B.sc. microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial Diversity
B.sc. microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial DiversityRai University
油
The document discusses several types of microorganisms including archaea, which are single-celled prokaryotes that were initially misclassified as bacteria. It describes archaea subgroups like methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles, which are extremophiles that thrive in harsh environments, as well as eubacteria. The microbes discussed play important roles in ecosystems and some have applications in industry.B.Sc. Microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial Diversity
B.Sc. Microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial DiversityRai University
油
The document discusses several types of microorganisms including archaea, which are single-celled prokaryotes that were initially misclassified as bacteria. It describes archaea subgroups like methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles and their characteristics, habitats and roles. The document also discusses eubacteria, the domain of bacteria that are typically smaller than archaea and inhabit diverse environments.Biological classification 11 biology
Biological classification 11 biologyRam Mohan
油
Biological classification involves the study and organization of organisms into a hierarchy of groups and taxa based on their evolutionary relationships and distinguishing characteristics. The main goals are to identify all organisms and determine their evolutionary history. Carl Linnaeus developed the binomial naming system in the 1700s that is still used today. There are several systems that have been proposed to classify life, with newer systems incorporating molecular evidence to revise the evolutionary relationships between domains, kingdoms, and taxa. Prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea are classified based on characteristics like shape, metabolism, and environment. Eukaryotes like protists, fungi, plants and animals are organized into domains, kingdoms and smaller taxa.Origin of life 
Origin of life Abasaheb Garware College, Department of Zoology, Karve road. Pune-4
油
This document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including: the theory of special creation; spontaneous generation; biogenesis; biochemical evolution; panspermia; and the deep sea hydrothermal vent theory. It provides details on experiments supporting biochemical evolution, such as the Urey-Miller experiment and research on coacervates and microspheres. Recent developments that have added to understanding prebiotic chemistry and the synthesis of building blocks of life are also outlined. While knowledge of life's origins is still incomplete, ongoing research continues to fill gaps in understanding the mechanisms by which life may have first emerged on our planet.Aquaporins
AquaporinsAditya Iiser Bhopal
油
Aquaporins are 28 kDa proteins embedded in cell membranes that regulate the flow of water. They were discovered in the 1980s by Peter Agre and form channels that allow thousands of water molecules to pass per second. Aquaporins are found across life forms and mammals have 13 types, including 6 in the kidney. They have a structure of six membrane-spanning helical domains with NPA motifs and selectivity filters that allow selective water transport. Aquaporins play important roles in many body functions and diseases can result from mutations that disrupt water transport, such as cataracts and diabetes insipidus.Pfizer's SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Announcement
Pfizer's SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine AnnouncementRachelMackelprang
油
Information about Pfizer's covid-19 vaccine. Includes facts about the mRNA vaccine, the study results, safety, efficacy, and other considerationsCovid-19 vaccine development
Covid-19 vaccine developmentRachelMackelprang
油
An overview of where we are in covid-19 vaccine development, including an introduction to immunology and types of vaccines. More Related Content
Similar to Microbial Diversity Part 10: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 4) (20)
Archaebacteria
ArchaebacteriaLeaLeaAgustin
油
Archaebacteria are the oldest organisms on Earth and are found in extreme environments like deep sea vents or volcanic areas. They are classified into several phyla including Euryarchaeota, which contains methanogens and halophiles, and Crenarchaeota, which contains thermophiles. Archaebacteria are important for studying ancient Earth conditions, producing methane through anaerobic digestion, and synthesizing thermophilic enzymes.Archeabacteria presentation
Archeabacteria presentationHina Zamir Noori
油
The archaebacteria
group members
Rameen nadeem
Syeda iqra hussain
Hina zamir
Mahnoor khan
Maleeha inayat
Background
Biologists have long organized living things into large groups called kingdoms.
There are six of them:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Some recent findings
In 1996, scientists decided to split Monera into two groups of bacteria:
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Because these two groups of bacteria were different in many ways scientists created a new level of classification called a DOMAIN.
Now we have 3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Any of a large group of primitive bacteria having unusual cell walls, membrane lipids, ribosomes, and RNA sequences, and having the ability to produce methane and to live in anaerobic, extremely hot, salty, or acidic conditions
The Domain Archaea
ancient bacteria
Some of the first archaebacteria were discovered in Yellowstone National Parks hot springs
Prokaryotes are structurally simple, but biochemically complex
Basic Facts
They live in extreme environments (like hot springs or salty lakes) and normal environments (like soil and ocean water).
All are unicellular (each individual is only one cell).
No peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
Some have a flagella that aids in their locomotion.
Most dont need oxygen to survive
They can produce ATP (energy) from sunlight
They can survive enormous temperature extremes
They can survive under rocks and in ocean floor vents deep below the oceans surface
They can tolerate huge pressure differences
STRUCTURE
Size
Archaea are slightly less than 1 micron long.
A micron is 1/1,000 of a millimeter.
In order to see their cellular features, scientists use powerful electron microscopes.
Shape
Shapes can be spherical or ball shaped and are called coccus.
Others are rod shaped, long and thin, and labeled bacillus.
Variations of cells have been discovered in square and triangular shapes.
STRUCTURE
Locomotion
Some archaea have flagella, hair-like structures that assist in movement.
There can be one or many attached to the cell's outer membrane. Protein networks can also be found on the cell membrane, which allow cells to attach themselves in groups.
Cell Features
Within the cell membrane, the archaea cell contains cytoplasm and DNA, which are in single-looped forms called plasmids.
Most archaeal cells also have a semi-rigid cell wall that helps it to maintain its shape and chemical balance.
This protects the cytoplasm, which is the semi-liquid gel that fills the cell and enables the various parts to function.
STRUCTURE
Phospholipids
The molecules that make up cell membranes are called phospholipids, which act as building blocks for the cell.
In archaea, these molecules are made of glycerol-ether lipids.
Ether Bonding
The ether bonding makes it possible for archaea to survive in environments that are extremely acidic or alEXTREMOPHILES.pdf
EXTREMOPHILES.pdfRavindraChoudhary57
油
Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme conditions of pH, temperature, or salinity. Some bacteria and archaea live in extremely hot or cold temperatures, while others live in very salty or acidic/alkaline environments. One example is Nanoarchaeum equitans, a dwarf archaeon that lives in temperatures between 70-98属C. Methanogens are a group of archaea that produce methane through anaerobic metabolism. Halophilic archaea thrive in hypersaline environments through adaptations like transport proteins that pump ions across their cell membranes. Acidophiles maintain pH homeostasis through active proton pumps and passive DNA/protein repair systems that protect against acid damage.Marine Biological Association Conference 2012, University College Cork, Oral ...
Marine Biological Association Conference 2012, University College Cork, Oral ...Shane Reilly
油
This study characterized the microbial community structure of a dormant pockmark on the Malin Shelf off the coast of Ireland. Analysis showed distinct bacterial and archaeal populations compared to known high-activity methane seep sites. Psychrobacter and Sulfitobacter species dominated the bacterial communities and exhibited genetic divergence between sediment depths. Minor groups related to active seepage were also present, suggesting low ongoing methane seepage. The lack of known sulfate-reducing bacteria and dominance of heterotrophic proteobacteria feeding on organic matter suggests this dormant pockmark community is in a transitional stage following reduced fluid flow.Kingdoms archaebacteria
Kingdoms archaebacteriaSMAK 5 Penabur
油
This document summarizes different types of bacteria, including their features, nutrition preferences, kingdoms, and extremophiles that live in extreme environments. It discusses prokaryotes and eukaryotes, important bacterial features, locomotion methods, nutrition types, oxygen preferences, the two bacterial kingdoms of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, and groups of Archaebacteria including methanogens, halophiles, and thermoacidophiles. It also outlines different extreme environments and the bacteria that thrive in high temperatures, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity.Kingdoms archaebacteria
Kingdoms archaebacteriaSMAK 5 Penabur
油
This document summarizes different types of bacteria, including their features, nutrition preferences, kingdoms, and extremophile groups. It discusses prokaryotes and eukaryotes, then focuses on archaebacteria and eubacteria kingdoms. Various extremophile groups are described that live in extreme environments of high temperature, acidity, alkalinity, or salt concentration, including their habitats and applications. Thermophiles live in hot environments like thermal vents, while acidophiles inhabit acidic places and have uses in animal feed enzymes.Nima es english
Nima es englishnima ES
油
Brief description about :
Diversity
Euryarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
and more :
Extremely Halophilic Archaea
Archaebacteria
ArchaebacteriaPALANIANANTH.S
油
The word Archae came from the Greek word Arkhaion, which means Ancient.
Archae is also the Latin name for Prokaryotic Cells. Archaea that growing the hot water of the Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park produce a bright yellow color.
Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living organisms on earth. They belong to the kingdom Monera and are classified as bacteria because they resemble bacteria when observed under a microscope. Apart from this, they are completely distinct from prokaryotes. However, they share slightly common characteristics with the eukaryotes.Microbial Diversity Part 7: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt1)
Microbial Diversity Part 7: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt1)RachelMackelprang
油
Intro to some of the diversity, a discussion of the tree of life and major bacterial phyla, discussion of deep-branching thermophilesoriginoflife-131009190929-phpapp02.pdf
originoflife-131009190929-phpapp02.pdframoncarloalano
油
The document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including theories of special creation, spontaneous generation, biogenesis, biochemical evolution, and panspermia. It also describes experiments like the Urey-Miller experiment and the hypothesis that life began near deep sea hydrothermal vents, which provided chemical gradients and concentrations that could have led to the formation of organic molecules and eventually early life forms. Recent research has provided new insights but many questions around the exact mechanisms of how life first emerged on our planet remain unanswered.Origin of life
Origin of lifedamarisb
油
The document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including theories of special creation, spontaneous generation, biogenesis, biochemical evolution, and panspermia. It also describes experiments like the Urey-Miller experiment and the hypothesis that life began near deep sea hydrothermal vents, which provided chemical gradients and concentrations that could have led to the formation of organic molecules and eventually early life forms. Recent research has provided new insights but many questions around the exact mechanisms of how life first emerged on our planet remain unanswered.Microbial diversity in extreme enviornments
Microbial diversity in extreme enviornmentsNobenduMukerjee
油
This document discusses various types of extreme environments and the microorganisms that thrive in them. It defines oligotrophs as microbes that grow in nutrient-poor conditions. Thermophiles thrive in hot environments through adaptations like stabilizing DNA and membranes. Psychrophiles love cold through mechanisms like antifreeze proteins. Barophiles or piezophiles tolerate high pressure in deep sea environments. The document also discusses acidophiles, halophiles, metallophiles and solvent-tolerant microbes and their adaptations to survive in extreme conditions. It lists examples of microbes from each category and their natural habitats.Microbial diversity in extreme enviornments
Microbial diversity in extreme enviornmentsNobenduMukerjee
油
This document discusses various types of extreme environments and the microorganisms that thrive in them. It defines oligotrophs as microbes that grow in very low nutrient environments. Thermophiles thrive in hot environments and have adaptations like stabilizing proteins and membrane lipids. Psychrophiles love cold environments and produce antifreeze proteins. Barophiles or piezophiles thrive under high pressure, such as the deep sea. Metallophiles and acidophiles resist heavy metals and acid respectively. Halophiles thrive in highly saline environments. The document provides examples of microbes for each type and discusses their adaptations and habitats.Extremophiles
ExtremophilesRanjeettaram
油
This document provides an overview of extremophiles, which are microorganisms that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions. It begins by defining extremophiles and their classification based on extreme habitats. It then discusses various types of extremophiles in more depth, including thermophiles and hyperthermophiles that grow at high temperatures, psychrophiles that grow at low temperatures, acidophiles and alkaliphiles that grow at extreme pH, and barophiles that live under high pressure. For each type of extremophile, examples are given and their adaptations to survive in extreme conditions are described.B.sc. microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial Diversity
B.sc. microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial DiversityRai University
油
The document discusses several types of microorganisms including archaea, which are single-celled prokaryotes that were initially misclassified as bacteria. It describes archaea subgroups like methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles, which are extremophiles that thrive in harsh environments, as well as eubacteria. The microbes discussed play important roles in ecosystems and some have applications in industry.B.Sc. Microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial Diversity
B.Sc. Microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial DiversityRai University
油
The document discusses several types of microorganisms including archaea, which are single-celled prokaryotes that were initially misclassified as bacteria. It describes archaea subgroups like methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles and their characteristics, habitats and roles. The document also discusses eubacteria, the domain of bacteria that are typically smaller than archaea and inhabit diverse environments.Biological classification 11 biology
Biological classification 11 biologyRam Mohan
油
Biological classification involves the study and organization of organisms into a hierarchy of groups and taxa based on their evolutionary relationships and distinguishing characteristics. The main goals are to identify all organisms and determine their evolutionary history. Carl Linnaeus developed the binomial naming system in the 1700s that is still used today. There are several systems that have been proposed to classify life, with newer systems incorporating molecular evidence to revise the evolutionary relationships between domains, kingdoms, and taxa. Prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea are classified based on characteristics like shape, metabolism, and environment. Eukaryotes like protists, fungi, plants and animals are organized into domains, kingdoms and smaller taxa.Origin of life
Origin of life Abasaheb Garware College, Department of Zoology, Karve road. Pune-4
油
This document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including: the theory of special creation; spontaneous generation; biogenesis; biochemical evolution; panspermia; and the deep sea hydrothermal vent theory. It provides details on experiments supporting biochemical evolution, such as the Urey-Miller experiment and research on coacervates and microspheres. Recent developments that have added to understanding prebiotic chemistry and the synthesis of building blocks of life are also outlined. While knowledge of life's origins is still incomplete, ongoing research continues to fill gaps in understanding the mechanisms by which life may have first emerged on our planet.Aquaporins
AquaporinsAditya Iiser Bhopal
油
Aquaporins are 28 kDa proteins embedded in cell membranes that regulate the flow of water. They were discovered in the 1980s by Peter Agre and form channels that allow thousands of water molecules to pass per second. Aquaporins are found across life forms and mammals have 13 types, including 6 in the kidney. They have a structure of six membrane-spanning helical domains with NPA motifs and selectivity filters that allow selective water transport. Aquaporins play important roles in many body functions and diseases can result from mutations that disrupt water transport, such as cataracts and diabetes insipidus.More from RachelMackelprang (13)
Pfizer's SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Announcement
Pfizer's SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine AnnouncementRachelMackelprang
油
Information about Pfizer's covid-19 vaccine. Includes facts about the mRNA vaccine, the study results, safety, efficacy, and other considerationsCovid-19 vaccine development
Covid-19 vaccine developmentRachelMackelprang
油
An overview of where we are in covid-19 vaccine development, including an introduction to immunology and types of vaccines. Microbial Diversity Part 9: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 3)
Microbial Diversity Part 9: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 3)RachelMackelprang
油
This document discusses two microorganisms: Deinococcus radiodurans and Bacteroidetes. D. radiodurans is extremely resistant to radiation and can survive doses over 1000 times lethal to humans. It can repair its shattered DNA through homologous recombination using multiple copies of its genome as templates. Its radiation resistance may be a side effect of adaptations for desiccation tolerance. Bacteroidetes are an important and diverse phylum in the human gut, with the genus Bacteroides making up 30% of gut microbes and degrading complex polysaccharides.SARS-CoV-2 testing: methods and problems
SARS-CoV-2 testing: methods and problemsRachelMackelprang
油
This slide deck describes how we test for SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) and what lead to test shortages in the United States. COVID-19: Novel coronavirus information 
COVID-19: Novel coronavirus information RachelMackelprang
油
際際滷 deck describing the initial outbreak, coronavirus biology, transmission, statistics, lethality, etc. Newer version is available: /RachelMackelprang/nove...
Newer version is available: /RachelMackelprang/nove...RachelMackelprang
油
Old version of coronavirus slides. New version here /RachelMackelprang/novel-coronavirus-informationNewer version is available: /RachelMackelprang/nove...
Newer version is available: /RachelMackelprang/nove...RachelMackelprang
油
Based on the information provided, the scenario that would put me at the highest risk of being infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the infected student in the crowded classroom would be:
- Sitting or standing very close to the infected student for a prolonged period of time, especially if we were talking face-to-face without any face masks. This would allow the virus to spread more easily through respiratory droplets released into the air by the infected student through coughing, sneezing, talking or breathing.
- Touching surfaces like desks or doorknobs that the infected student had recently touched and then touching my own eyes, nose or mouth without practicing appropriate hand hygiene in between. This could allow the virus toMicrobial Diversity Part 8: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt2)
Microbial Diversity Part 8: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt2)RachelMackelprang
油
Discussion of gram positive phyla (firmicutes and actinobacteria). Begin discussing gram negative phyla (proteobacteria)Microbial Diversity Part 5: Rooting the Tree of Life
Microbial Diversity Part 5: Rooting the Tree of LifeRachelMackelprang
油
The document discusses ways to root the universal tree of life using gene duplication events. Specifically, it describes using elongation factor genes EF-Tu and EF-G, which duplicated early in evolution before the last universal common ancestor. By constructing gene trees of these factors and identifying the duplication point, the tree can be rooted between the two forms, placing the root before the divergence of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. This rooted tree matches the canonical three domain tree of life.Microbial Diversity Part 4: Tree of Life
Microbial Diversity Part 4: Tree of LifeRachelMackelprang
油
The document discusses the origins of life and how scientists have attempted to reconstruct the tree of life over time. It addresses key questions around how many times life may have evolved and whether there is a single or multiple trees of life. The document outlines that universal homologies across all organisms, like DNA and the genetic code, imply a single origin of life and thus a single tree. It describes how Carl Woese used rRNA sequences to build a tree of life in 1977, revealing the Archaea as a separate domain, which was one of the most important discoveries in microbiology.Microbial Diversity Part 3: Reading Phylogenetic Trees
Microbial Diversity Part 3: Reading Phylogenetic TreesRachelMackelprang
油
This document provides an introduction to reading phylogenetic trees and key phylogenetic concepts. It discusses polytomies, or nodes with more than two descendant branches, and the possible resolutions of polytomies. It also covers monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groups. Additionally, it defines important terms like synapomorphy, homoplasy, convergence, and evolutionary reversal. Examples are provided to illustrate these phylogenetic concepts and how to distinguish between homology and homoplasy.Microbial Diversity Part 2: Reading Phylogenetic Trees
Microbial Diversity Part 2: Reading Phylogenetic TreesRachelMackelprang
油
This document introduces phylogenetic trees and how to read them. It explains that phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relationships among organisms and depict their shared ancestry over time. Key parts of phylogenetic trees are identified, including terminal taxa, internal and terminal branches, internal nodes, and the root node. The document emphasizes that phylogenetic trees are simplifications of the complex process of evolution and speciation over long periods of time. It also notes that rotating branches on a tree does not change the relatedness shown, only the appearance.Microbial Diversity Part 1: Introduction to Diversity
Microbial Diversity Part 1: Introduction to DiversityRachelMackelprang
油
This document provides an introduction to microbial diversity. It defines microbes as small living organisms that require a microscope to be seen, including six major groups: bacteria, archaea, algae, protists, fungi, and viruses. The document discusses the morphological, metabolic, ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary diversity of microbes and provides some examples, such as different cell structures, means of obtaining energy like photosynthesis, and habitats like the human gut and acid mine drainage. It notes that microbes play critical roles in biogeochemical cycles, multicellular life, agriculture, and human health.Recently uploaded (20)
Preparing Ultrasound Imaging Data for Artificial Intelligence Tasks: Anonymis...
Preparing Ultrasound Imaging Data for Artificial Intelligence Tasks: Anonymis...ThrombUS+ Project
油
At the BIOSTEC 2025 conference, Eleni Kaldoudi, ThrombUS+ project coordinator, presented our recent work entitled Preparing Ultrasound Imaging Data for Artificial Intelligence Tasks: Anonymisation, Cropping, and Tagging. Eleni provided an overview of the application we developed to facilitate the preparation of ultrasound images, acquired via the ThrombUS+ clinical study A, for the purpose of developing AI models for automated detection of deep vein thrombosis.
About ThrombUS+:
Our interdisciplinary approach centers around creating a novel wearable diagnostic device utilizing autonomous, AI-driven DVT detection. This groundbreaking device incorporates wearable ultrasound hardware, impedance plethysmography, and light reflection rheography for early clot detection. Activity and physiological measurements will continuously assess DVT risk, supporting prevention through serious gaming. An intelligent decision support unit will provide real-time monitoring and alerts, with extended reality guiding users for optimal device utilization.
ThrombUS+ is designed for postoperative patients, those undergoing lengthy surgical procedures, cancer patients, bedridden individuals at home or in care units, and women during pregnancy and postpartum.
Investigational New drug application process
Investigational New drug application processonepalyer4
油
This file basically contains information related to IND application process in order to get approval for clinical trials.Melaku Tafese Awyulachew's_Official letters between organizations and researc...
Melaku Tafese Awyulachew's_Official letters between organizations and researc...Melaku Tafese Awulachew
油
Official letters between organizations and researchersAnimal husbandry: Purpose, scope and management,dairy animals, breeds and eco...
Animal husbandry: Purpose, scope and management,dairy animals, breeds and eco...tibhathakur77
油
Discription about animal husbandry.Successful management of intussusception in a cow under double drip anaesthesia
Successful management of intussusception in a cow under double drip anaesthesiarajvet4163
油
Intussusception in a crossbred cow
surgical treatment, double drip anaesthesia and complete recovery of animal with case discussion2025-03-03-Data-related-Ethics Issues in Technologies for Professional Learni...
2025-03-03-Data-related-Ethics Issues in Technologies for Professional Learni...Graz University of Technology & Know-Center
油
How could modern LA research address data-related ethics issues in informal and situated professional learning? I will identify in this talk three relevant insights based on field studies around workplace LA interventions: Firstly, in informal and situated learning, data isnt just about the learners. Secondly, the affordances of manual and automatic data tracking for learning are very different, with manual tracking allowing a high degree of learner control over data. Thirdly, learning is not necessarily a shared goal in workplaces. These can be translated into seeing a potential for systems endowed with sufficient natural-language-processing capability (now seemingly at our fingertips with LLMs), and socio-technical design and scenario-based data collection analysis as design and research methods.CONDUCTOMETRY presentation for MSc students.pptx
CONDUCTOMETRY presentation for MSc students.pptxNakulBarwat
油
Conductometry presentation by our student TOP 10 CBSE Top Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 with Youtube Tutorial
TOP 10 CBSE Top Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 with Youtube TutorialVivek Bhakta
油
Top 10 CBSE Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 | Easy DIY Models with YouTube Tutorial
Looking for the best CBSE science projects for Classes 6 to 10? Heres a collection of Top 10 working models that are perfect for science exhibitions, school projects, and STEM learning. These projects cover essential science concepts from physics, chemistry, and biology, making them both fun and educational.
Each project includes a step-by-step YouTube tutorial, so students can easily follow along and build their own models.
Top 10 CBSE Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10:
1鏝 Hydraulic Bridge Model Demonstrate the principles of hydraulics and Pascals Law.
2鏝 Electric Motor Model Understand how electromagnetism powers motors.
3鏝 Solar-Powered Car Explore renewable energy and motion mechanics.
4鏝 Wind Turbine Generator Convert wind energy into electrical power.
5鏝 Automatic Street Light System Learn about LDR sensors and energy efficiency.
6鏝 Water Dispenser Model Show the role of air pressure in fluid movement.
7鏝 Earthquake Alarm System Build a vibration-based alert system for disaster safety.
8鏝 Biogas Plant Model Explain how organic waste is converted into energy.
9鏝 Rainwater Harvesting Model Demonstrate sustainable water conservation techniques.
Smart Irrigation System Create an automated plant watering system using sensors.
Why Choose These Projects?
Simple & Fun Uses easily available materials.
Educational & Practical Covers key CBSE science topics.
YouTube Video Guide Step-by-step tutorials for easy learning.
Watch the full YouTube tutorial and start building your project today! epidemiology (aim, component, principles).pptx
epidemiology (aim, component, principles).pptxlopamudraray88
油
To study historically the rise and fall of disease in the population.
Community diagnosis.
Planning and evaluation.
Evaluation of individuals risks and chances.
Completing the natural history of disease.
Searching for causes and risk factors.
Beyond Point Masses. IV. Trans-Neptunian Object Altjira Is Likely a Hierarchi...
Beyond Point Masses. IV. Trans-Neptunian Object Altjira Is Likely a Hierarchi...S辿rgio Sacani
油
Dynamically studying trans-Neptunian object (TNO) binaries allows us to measure masses and orbits. Most of the known objects appear to have only two components, except (47171) Lempo, which is the single known hierarchical triple system with three similar-mass components. Though hundreds of TNOs have been imaged with high-resolution telescopes, no other hierarchical triples (or trinaries) have been found among solar system small bodies, even though they are predicted in planetesimal formation models such as gravitational collapse after the streaming instability. By going beyond the point-mass assumption and modeling TNO orbits as non-Keplerian, we open a new window into the shapes and spins of the components, including the possible presence of unresolved inner binaries. Here we present evidence for a new hierarchical triple, (148780) Altjira (2001 UQ18), based on non-Keplerian dynamical modeling of the two observed components. We incorporate two recent Hubble Space Telescope observations, leading to a 17 yr observational baseline. We present a new open-source Bayesian pointspread function fitting code called nPSF that provides precise relative astrometry and uncertainties for single images. Our non-Keplerian analysis measures a statistically significant (2.5) nonspherical shape for Altjira. The measured J2 is best explained as an unresolved inner binary, and an example hierarchical triple model gives the best fit to the observed astrometry. Using an updated non-Keplerian ephemeris (which is significantly different from the Keplerian predictions), we show that the predicted mutual event season for Altjira has already begun, with several excellent opportunities for observations through 2030.
Scientific Pig Farming Manual for Pig Farmers
Scientific Pig Farming Manual for Pig FarmersDr. Subhrajit Das
油
Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
Nutrient deficiency and symptoms in plants
Nutrient deficiency and symptoms in plantslaxmichoudhary77657
油
What is Nutrient Deficiency?
Definition:
Nutrient deficiency in plants occurs when they lack one or more of the essential minerals required for their growth and development.
These deficiencies can lead to various physiological disorders and reduced plant productivity.
Categories of Essential Nutrients
Macronutrients:
Required in larger quantities for plant growth and development.
Includes primary and secondary nutrients.
Primary Macronutrients:
Nitrogen (N): Vital for vegetative growth, chlorophyll production, and protein synthesis.
Phosphorus (P): Important for energy transfer, root development, and flowering.
Potassium (K): Essential for water regulation, enzyme activation, and disease resistance.
Secondary Macronutrients:
Calcium (Ca): Important for cell wall structure, root development, and enzyme
activity.
Magnesium (Mg): Central component of chlorophyll and aids in enzyme activation.
Sulfur (S): Crucial for amino acids, proteins, and enzyme function.
-> P H O N S K Ca Mg C
Micronutrients:
Required in smaller quantities but equally important for plant health.
Iron (Fe): Essential for chlorophyll synthesis and electron transport in photosynthesis.
Manganese (Mn): Important for photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation.
Zinc (Zn): Vital for enzyme function and growth regulation.
Copper (Cu): Involved in photosynthetic electron transport and enzyme activity.
Boron (B): Crucial for cell wall formation and reproductive development.
Molybdenum (Mo): Essential for nitrogen fixation and enzyme function in nitrogen metabolism.
-> Fe Cu Mo Zn Mn Cl B Ni.
Mobile Nutrients - Cl, K, Mg, Mo, N, P-> older parts
Immobile Nutrients - B, Cu, Ca, Fe, Mn, S, Zn-> younger parts
.
Renewable energy as a sustainable solution for the future.
Renewable energy as a sustainable solution for the future.jitainbhatia10
油
This ppt is generally made to make the concept of renewable energy resources more clear for the students.Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.pptx
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.pptxDrSulabhaDeokar
油
This presentation explores the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,distinguishing characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.Describe common cell morphologies and cellular arrangements in typical Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Presentation explains how cells maintain their morphology.
Explore internal and external structures of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in terms of their physical structure, chemical structure and function.
This presentation is designed for biology students, educators, and anyone interested in cellular biology. Based on the latest research and scientific discoveries in the field of Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology and cellular biology. This Presentation has been compiled using information from trusted educational resources and scientific literature.
The purpose of this presentation is to educate and inform the students about the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their unique structures, functions, and characteristics, which provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular biology.
Educate the students and teachers about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in detail.
This presentation will engage and entertain the students, often with a mix of detail information, colourful pictures and storytelling.
This presentation will motivate and inspire the students to think differently, take action, or pursue a goal.
Definitely it will raise awareness about a ultrastructures of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes .
This presentation will Provide an update or report on a science projects and progress as well as inspire the graduate students to learn more about cellular biology and its applications.
This presentation will inspire studets, teachers and educational professionals to explore digital resource for e - learnig .
Presentation likely to be used by under graduate and post graduate students, educators or individuals for online learning.
It can work as digital resource for a broader e- learning ecosystem.
This presentation highlights '' NEP-aligned Biotechnology and Biology education.''
"Discover the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from cell walls to genetic material. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of cellular biology.Learn about the two main types of cells - prokaryotic,eukaryotic and their differences in structure, function, and organization. A great resource for biology learners.Uncover the unique characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in this informative PPT.Drug evaluation Organoleptic, Microscopic, Chemical, Biological
Drug evaluation Organoleptic, Microscopic, Chemical, BiologicalNistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India
油
This PowerPoint gives a brief idea about the identification of herbal drug plants with special reference to organoleptic studies. The study comprises different parameters like physical, chemical, biological, and other features associated with it. It offers an idea about the need for scientifically identifying drug plants to avoid adulteration.Role of Secondary Metabolites in Defence Mechanism of Plants and its Regulation
Role of Secondary Metabolites in Defence Mechanism of Plants and its Regulationankitverma144299
油
This information is very helpful for biochemistry students.Melaku Tafese Awyulachew's_Official letters between organizations and researc...
Melaku Tafese Awyulachew's_Official letters between organizations and researc...Melaku Tafese Awulachew
油
2025-03-03-Data-related-Ethics Issues in Technologies for Professional Learni...
2025-03-03-Data-related-Ethics Issues in Technologies for Professional Learni...Graz University of Technology & Know-Center
油
Drug evaluation Organoleptic, Microscopic, Chemical, Biological
Drug evaluation Organoleptic, Microscopic, Chemical, BiologicalNistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India
油
Microbial Diversity Part 10: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 4)
- 1. The Microbial Zoo 4 A stroll through the microbial world Rachel Mackelprang, Ph.D. California State University Northridge Department of Biology rachel.mackelprang@csun.edu @rmackelprang Book: Principles of Microbial Diversity by James Brown Section II
- 2. Archaea: the traditional view
- 3. Crenarcheota Though often characterized as acid-lovers, they are more diverse than that Most are thermophilic and acidophilic (though some are alkaliphiles Sulfolobus lives in hot sulfur springs (70-75C, pH 2-3) But maintain an internal pH of near 7
- 4. Crenarcheota Some exceptions: alkaliphilic crenarcheota New alkalithermophilic crenarcheota have been found here
- 5. Crenarcheota Some exceptions: alkaliphilic crenarcheota New alkalithermophilic crenarcheota have been found here Geothermic energy company drilled a well but water was not hot enough. Capped well, but seal failed. Dissolved mineral in water created formation
- 7. Euryarchaeota: methanogens Many Euryarchaeota are methanogens: produce methane (CH4) by reducing CO2 (obligate anaerobes) Methanogens release 2 billion too of methane per year Many live in the guts of grazing mammals Increased cattle farming, rice farming, and permafrost thaw release methane into the atmosphere
- 8. Euryarchaeota: Halophiles Red pigments make it obvious when large numbers are present Red Sea gets name from blooms Up to pH of 11.5 Live in the most salty most alkaline environments on Earth May contribute to the pink color of flamingoes
- 9. Traditional three-domain tree may be incorrect
- 10. Traditional three-domain tree may be incorrect
- 11. Traditional three-domain tree may be incorrect
- 12. Evidence for new view is rapidly emerging
- 13. How you build the tree is important
- 14. Taxon sampling
- 16. Another view