Microbial Diversity Part 10: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 4)
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This document discusses archaea and their diversity. It describes some crenarchaeota that are thermophilic but maintain an internal neutral pH, and the discovery of new alkalithermophilic species. It also describes euryarchaeota, noting that many are methanogens found in digestive systems and environments that release methane. Halophiles can live in very salty and alkaline conditions. The document questions the traditional three-domain tree of life and suggests evidence for a new view is emerging, with taxon sampling being an important factor in how phylogenetic trees are constructed.
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Microbial Diversity Part 10: A Stroll Through the Microbial Zoo (pt 4)
- 1. The Microbial Zoo 4 A stroll through the microbial world Rachel Mackelprang, Ph.D. California State University Northridge Department of Biology rachel.mackelprang@csun.edu @rmackelprang Book: Principles of Microbial Diversity by James Brown Section II
- 2. Archaea: the traditional view
- 3. Crenarcheota Though often characterized as acid-lovers, they are more diverse than that Most are thermophilic and acidophilic (though some are alkaliphiles Sulfolobus lives in hot sulfur springs (70-75C, pH 2-3) But maintain an internal pH of near 7
- 4. Crenarcheota Some exceptions: alkaliphilic crenarcheota New alkalithermophilic crenarcheota have been found here
- 5. Crenarcheota Some exceptions: alkaliphilic crenarcheota New alkalithermophilic crenarcheota have been found here Geothermic energy company drilled a well but water was not hot enough. Capped well, but seal failed. Dissolved mineral in water created formation
- 7. Euryarchaeota: methanogens Many Euryarchaeota are methanogens: produce methane (CH4) by reducing CO2 (obligate anaerobes) Methanogens release 2 billion too of methane per year Many live in the guts of grazing mammals Increased cattle farming, rice farming, and permafrost thaw release methane into the atmosphere
- 8. Euryarchaeota: Halophiles Red pigments make it obvious when large numbers are present Red Sea gets name from blooms Up to pH of 11.5 Live in the most salty most alkaline environments on Earth May contribute to the pink color of flamingoes
- 9. Traditional three-domain tree may be incorrect
- 10. Traditional three-domain tree may be incorrect
- 11. Traditional three-domain tree may be incorrect
- 12. Evidence for new view is rapidly emerging
- 13. How you build the tree is important
- 14. Taxon sampling
- 16. Another view