This document provides an overview of postcolonialism as a theoretical framework. It defines postcolonialism as examining the effects of colonialism and imperialism in formerly colonized societies, including how it has shaped their cultures, histories, and identities. It discusses key thinkers who developed postcolonial theory like Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Stuart Hall, and Homi Bhabha. It also summarizes some of the main concepts in postcolonialism, such as othering, resistance, hybridity, and how colonial identities were imposed.
The document discusses several key points about the nature of signs and language:
- Signs have no natural connection to the real world and are arbitrary, which allows them to be appropriated by discourse communities. Native speakers may feel signs have natural meanings due to cultural immersion.
- Political and historical symbols take on simplified meanings through repeated use over time, shaping users' memories and conferring mythical weight. Cultural stereotypes also become frozen signs that affect both users and subjects.
- Signs establish semantic and pragmatic relationships with other signs based on direct exchanges and broader discourse contexts. Coherence is created through inferences between speakers rather than being inherent.
- The arbitrariness of signs gives language its power as
The document provides an overview of post-colonial literatures and theories. Some key points:
1. Post-colonial literatures emerged from writings by peoples formerly colonized by European powers, covering the effects of imperialism from colonization to the present.
2. The development of post-colonial literatures has necessitated questioning the assumptions of English literary studies, which privileged Western canonical texts and marginalized non-Western works.
3. Post-colonial theories aim to develop non-Eurocentric perspectives and understand cultural production from the post-colonial world on its own terms rather than through Western frameworks. This involves reconceptualizing notions of literature, meaning, and value.
Postcolonial theory analyzes the political and cultural impacts of colonialism. It examines topics like identity, power dynamics, and representation in formerly colonized works and societies. In The Tempest, Shakespeare depicts colonial relationships through Prospero's domination of the island's natives, Caliban and Ariel. Prospero establishes himself as a colonizer, asserting power and defining the islanders' inferior identities to justify his control over the island. Postcolonial readings critique the racism and exploitation inherent in colonial systems of power depicted in the play.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonial studies and literature. It discusses colonialist and postcolonial literature, defining each. It also summarizes some of the major theorists in postcolonial studies, including Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. Their works examined how colonial powers constructed the colonized as the inferior "other" and justified imperial domination. Postcolonial literature is defined as writing from both the colonial era and after independence, with genres and strategies that rewrite history and establish identity.
Postcolonial Theory is a great time with you and your familyBreezeBoukhriss1
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The document discusses postcolonialism and key related concepts. It defines colonialism as one strong nation establishing rule over another nation. Postcolonialism developed after colonialism and refers to analyzing the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism. It rejects the dominant Western view and superiority of Western culture. Key concepts discussed include Orientalism, diaspora, hybridity, subaltern, and how these themes are represented in the films Lagaan and Midnight's Children.
The document discusses postcolonial studies and literature. It defines postcolonial studies as the critical analysis of history, culture, literature and discourse specific to former colonies. It discusses key issues in postcolonial studies like rejecting Western imperialist narratives and expanding literary canons. It provides examples of postcolonial authors and influential novels. It also summarizes Cavafy's poem "Waiting for the Barbarians", which depicts a town awaiting an invasion that does not come, showing how borders help define identities.
Paper no.11 how post cololinalism shows in bollywood movies.Chintan Patel
油
This document discusses post-colonial literature and how post-colonialism is shown in Bollywood movies. It defines colonialism as the subjection of one culture by another through military conquest and imposition of values. Characteristics of post-colonial literature include resisting stereotypes, appropriating the colonizer's language, and reworking colonial art forms. Post-colonial films depict aspects of Indian culture, backgrounds, and songs to show how colonialism impacted India. The conclusion states that post-colonial literature examines the global impact of colonialism and is shown through many Indian writers and notable movements in India.
Colonialism refers to the conquest and control of other people's lands and goods. Postcolonialism examines the cultural legacy and human consequences of colonialism, including its effects on colonized peoples' languages, identities, and literatures. Key thinkers who established postcolonialism include Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Dipesh Chakrabarty. They rejected Western cultural dominance and provided new perspectives for understanding the experiences and voices of colonized populations.
A summary on Mimicry in the postcolonial environment.
Mimicry reveals something in so far as it is distinct from what might be called an itself that is behind. The effect of mimicry is camouflage.... It is not a question of harmonizing with the background, but against a mottled background, of becoming mottled - exactly like the technique of camouflage practised in human warfare. The discourse of post-Enlightenment English colonialism often speaks in a tongue that is forked, not false. If colonialism takes power in the name of history, it repeatedly exercises its authority through the figures Of farce. For the epic intention of the civilizing
This document provides an overview and analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" from a post-colonial perspective. It discusses post-colonialism and its key concepts like hybridity. It summarizes Achebe's response to earlier European novels that depicted Africans negatively. It also analyzes how the novel portrays Igbo society in Nigeria and examines the effects of colonialism on their culture from a native perspective. The document evaluates how colonialism disrupted traditions but also eliminated some harmful cultural practices. It discusses the self-defining nature of the novel for post-colonial writers dealing with issues of cultural identity and hybridity.
Tesina finale del corso di Letteratura Inglese ContemporaneaSara Marabiso
油
This document provides an analysis of the representation of marginalized figures within postcolonial discourse. It discusses how colonialism imposed Western culture and denied the identities of colonized peoples, creating a sense of subalternity. It examines how marginalized groups challenged the imperial center by adopting Western tools like language and literature to assert their own cultures. The document analyzes representations of subalterns in both historical contexts and fictional works, looking at how identities were constructed and how subalterns emerged from oppression to claim voice and independence. Key concepts from theorists like Said, Foucault and Fanon are discussed in relation to films that depict the emergence of marginal identities and the struggle for freedom from colonial domination.
Postcolonial literature addresses the problems and consequences of decolonization, especially questions relating to political and cultural independence. It gives voice to marginal identities that were previously sidelined in history but come to the center through retelling history from a postcolonial perspective. Key terms include decolonialism, commonwealth literature, postcolonial feminism, racism, orientalism, and hybridity. Postcolonial feminism examines how colonialism operates differently for men and women. Orientalism refers to how the West imagines and distorts Arab cultures. Hybridity describes the creation of new transcultural forms from the contact of colonization.
Postcolonialism emerged as a result of over 4,000 years of European colonization of Africa and Asia. In the 19th century, Britain became the dominant imperial power and justified its brutal treatment of colonies. Decolonization began in the early 20th century as Britain started losing economic and social control. The 1950s marked the beginning of postcolonialism with India gaining independence from Britain, followed by Pakistan. Postcolonial theorists such as Fanon, Said, and Spivak examined the cultural, social, and psychological impacts of colonialism and addressed issues like identity, otherness, and hybridity that arose from the colonial experience.
Post-colonialism is the study of the effects of colonial subjugation by Western powers on Third and Fourth World nations that emerged in the 1970s. It examines various forms of injustice, domination of culture and gender, and the experiences of subaltern groups. In literature, post-colonialism analyzes the interaction and reaction between colonial societies and the impact of colonialism on literary works. The document then defines and discusses several key post-colonial concepts like mimicry, hybridity, orientalism, and universalism and how they are applied in literary analysis and critique works from a post-colonial perspective.
The document summarizes the obstacles to progress in the Arab world in 12 points: 1) the burden of history from the decline of the once great Islamic empire, 2) the difficult natural environment with scarce water, 3) cultural stagnation due to lack of literature and research, 4) politicized religious clergy, 5) politicized military, 6) a stagnated economy hindered by corruption and bureaucracy, 7) the complexities of the Arabic language, 8) a sclerotic education system focused on rote learning, 9) an irresponsible media bought by governments, 10) a fragmented ethnic mosaic, 11) lack of civil society due to corruption and extremism, and 12) continued authoritarian rule instead of representative
Edward Said was a Palestinian-American literary theorist who is known for his influential book Orientalism. In Orientalism, Said analyzes how Western scholarship helped contribute to inaccurate cultural representations of the Eastern world as exotic and inferior. He argues that Orientalism constructed an ideological view of the East that perpetuated Eurocentric prejudices. Said's work was influential in the development of postcolonial theory and his analysis of Orientalism has remained an important text within this field of study.
This document discusses concepts related to race, colonialism, and decolonization. It begins by defining key terms like racialization and colonialism. It then discusses how race was commodified during European colonial expansion, resulting in the transatlantic slave trade and racial hierarchies. The document advocates for decolonizing institutions and knowledge by dismantling orientalist frameworks and addressing epistemic violence against marginalized groups. It also examines the impacts and challenges of decolonization efforts.
Variety of Nationalism, Imperialism, and First World Warpptxssuser03bb74
油
The document provides an overview of theories of imperialism from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses John Hobson's economic theory that imperialism was driven by needs for new markets and resources. It also covers Herbert Spencer's social Darwinist view that stronger societies would dominate weaker ones, and Frederick Lugard's idea of a "civilizing mission" to bring progress to less developed peoples. These theories aimed to justify European colonial expansion. The document also examines how pseudo-scientific ideas about race were used to legitimize European domination over colonized populations by portraying them as inherently inferior.
This document provides an overview of postcolonial studies, outlining its origins in the late 20th century critique of Western constructions of colonized peoples and cultures. It discusses some of the major topics, issues, and figures in postcolonial literature and theory, including their analysis of power dynamics in colonial and postcolonial contexts. While acknowledging some valid critiques, the document also notes potential limitations in postcolonial theorists' perspectives, such as their tendency to oversimplify the colonial experience and relationships between colonizing and colonized groups.
Postcolonialism examines the impact of colonialism and seeks to give voice to oppressed or marginalized peoples. It addresses the cultural, political, economic, and psychological effects of colonization. Key aspects of postcolonial theory include exploring colonial oppression, issues of cultural and national identity among colonized peoples, the dynamics of anti-colonial resistance movements, and providing an alternative perspective to the traditional colonial narratives. Major postcolonial theorists include Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Frantz Fanon, who analyzed concepts such as Orientalism, hybridity, and decolonizing the mind. Postcolonial criticism studies how literature represents and responds to colonial domination and its lingering effects
DEL MONTE eng pres 02/27/19 - talking pointsLoanniDelMonte
油
1. The document summarizes Ngugi's argument that remembering and acknowledging Africa's past through African languages will help restore Africa's identity and lead to an African renaissance.
2. It discusses how colonialism and slavery imposed a framework of whiteness that caused Africans to define themselves in relation to whiteness through "dismembering practices" like renaming and separating populations.
3. Applying the sociological imagination shows how personal experiences intersect with larger social forces, empowering Africans to engage in self-definition outside the colonial framework of whiteness.
The document discusses postcolonialism and key related concepts. It defines colonialism as one strong nation establishing rule over another nation. Postcolonialism developed after colonialism and refers to analyzing the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism. It rejects the dominant Western view and superiority of Western culture. Key concepts discussed include Orientalism, diaspora, hybridity, subaltern, and how these themes are represented in the films Lagaan and Midnight's Children.
The document discusses postcolonial studies and literature. It defines postcolonial studies as the critical analysis of history, culture, literature and discourse specific to former colonies. It discusses key issues in postcolonial studies like rejecting Western imperialist narratives and expanding literary canons. It provides examples of postcolonial authors and influential novels. It also summarizes Cavafy's poem "Waiting for the Barbarians", which depicts a town awaiting an invasion that does not come, showing how borders help define identities.
Paper no.11 how post cololinalism shows in bollywood movies.Chintan Patel
油
This document discusses post-colonial literature and how post-colonialism is shown in Bollywood movies. It defines colonialism as the subjection of one culture by another through military conquest and imposition of values. Characteristics of post-colonial literature include resisting stereotypes, appropriating the colonizer's language, and reworking colonial art forms. Post-colonial films depict aspects of Indian culture, backgrounds, and songs to show how colonialism impacted India. The conclusion states that post-colonial literature examines the global impact of colonialism and is shown through many Indian writers and notable movements in India.
Colonialism refers to the conquest and control of other people's lands and goods. Postcolonialism examines the cultural legacy and human consequences of colonialism, including its effects on colonized peoples' languages, identities, and literatures. Key thinkers who established postcolonialism include Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Dipesh Chakrabarty. They rejected Western cultural dominance and provided new perspectives for understanding the experiences and voices of colonized populations.
A summary on Mimicry in the postcolonial environment.
Mimicry reveals something in so far as it is distinct from what might be called an itself that is behind. The effect of mimicry is camouflage.... It is not a question of harmonizing with the background, but against a mottled background, of becoming mottled - exactly like the technique of camouflage practised in human warfare. The discourse of post-Enlightenment English colonialism often speaks in a tongue that is forked, not false. If colonialism takes power in the name of history, it repeatedly exercises its authority through the figures Of farce. For the epic intention of the civilizing
This document provides an overview and analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" from a post-colonial perspective. It discusses post-colonialism and its key concepts like hybridity. It summarizes Achebe's response to earlier European novels that depicted Africans negatively. It also analyzes how the novel portrays Igbo society in Nigeria and examines the effects of colonialism on their culture from a native perspective. The document evaluates how colonialism disrupted traditions but also eliminated some harmful cultural practices. It discusses the self-defining nature of the novel for post-colonial writers dealing with issues of cultural identity and hybridity.
Tesina finale del corso di Letteratura Inglese ContemporaneaSara Marabiso
油
This document provides an analysis of the representation of marginalized figures within postcolonial discourse. It discusses how colonialism imposed Western culture and denied the identities of colonized peoples, creating a sense of subalternity. It examines how marginalized groups challenged the imperial center by adopting Western tools like language and literature to assert their own cultures. The document analyzes representations of subalterns in both historical contexts and fictional works, looking at how identities were constructed and how subalterns emerged from oppression to claim voice and independence. Key concepts from theorists like Said, Foucault and Fanon are discussed in relation to films that depict the emergence of marginal identities and the struggle for freedom from colonial domination.
Postcolonial literature addresses the problems and consequences of decolonization, especially questions relating to political and cultural independence. It gives voice to marginal identities that were previously sidelined in history but come to the center through retelling history from a postcolonial perspective. Key terms include decolonialism, commonwealth literature, postcolonial feminism, racism, orientalism, and hybridity. Postcolonial feminism examines how colonialism operates differently for men and women. Orientalism refers to how the West imagines and distorts Arab cultures. Hybridity describes the creation of new transcultural forms from the contact of colonization.
Postcolonialism emerged as a result of over 4,000 years of European colonization of Africa and Asia. In the 19th century, Britain became the dominant imperial power and justified its brutal treatment of colonies. Decolonization began in the early 20th century as Britain started losing economic and social control. The 1950s marked the beginning of postcolonialism with India gaining independence from Britain, followed by Pakistan. Postcolonial theorists such as Fanon, Said, and Spivak examined the cultural, social, and psychological impacts of colonialism and addressed issues like identity, otherness, and hybridity that arose from the colonial experience.
Post-colonialism is the study of the effects of colonial subjugation by Western powers on Third and Fourth World nations that emerged in the 1970s. It examines various forms of injustice, domination of culture and gender, and the experiences of subaltern groups. In literature, post-colonialism analyzes the interaction and reaction between colonial societies and the impact of colonialism on literary works. The document then defines and discusses several key post-colonial concepts like mimicry, hybridity, orientalism, and universalism and how they are applied in literary analysis and critique works from a post-colonial perspective.
The document summarizes the obstacles to progress in the Arab world in 12 points: 1) the burden of history from the decline of the once great Islamic empire, 2) the difficult natural environment with scarce water, 3) cultural stagnation due to lack of literature and research, 4) politicized religious clergy, 5) politicized military, 6) a stagnated economy hindered by corruption and bureaucracy, 7) the complexities of the Arabic language, 8) a sclerotic education system focused on rote learning, 9) an irresponsible media bought by governments, 10) a fragmented ethnic mosaic, 11) lack of civil society due to corruption and extremism, and 12) continued authoritarian rule instead of representative
Edward Said was a Palestinian-American literary theorist who is known for his influential book Orientalism. In Orientalism, Said analyzes how Western scholarship helped contribute to inaccurate cultural representations of the Eastern world as exotic and inferior. He argues that Orientalism constructed an ideological view of the East that perpetuated Eurocentric prejudices. Said's work was influential in the development of postcolonial theory and his analysis of Orientalism has remained an important text within this field of study.
This document discusses concepts related to race, colonialism, and decolonization. It begins by defining key terms like racialization and colonialism. It then discusses how race was commodified during European colonial expansion, resulting in the transatlantic slave trade and racial hierarchies. The document advocates for decolonizing institutions and knowledge by dismantling orientalist frameworks and addressing epistemic violence against marginalized groups. It also examines the impacts and challenges of decolonization efforts.
Variety of Nationalism, Imperialism, and First World Warpptxssuser03bb74
油
The document provides an overview of theories of imperialism from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses John Hobson's economic theory that imperialism was driven by needs for new markets and resources. It also covers Herbert Spencer's social Darwinist view that stronger societies would dominate weaker ones, and Frederick Lugard's idea of a "civilizing mission" to bring progress to less developed peoples. These theories aimed to justify European colonial expansion. The document also examines how pseudo-scientific ideas about race were used to legitimize European domination over colonized populations by portraying them as inherently inferior.
This document provides an overview of postcolonial studies, outlining its origins in the late 20th century critique of Western constructions of colonized peoples and cultures. It discusses some of the major topics, issues, and figures in postcolonial literature and theory, including their analysis of power dynamics in colonial and postcolonial contexts. While acknowledging some valid critiques, the document also notes potential limitations in postcolonial theorists' perspectives, such as their tendency to oversimplify the colonial experience and relationships between colonizing and colonized groups.
Postcolonialism examines the impact of colonialism and seeks to give voice to oppressed or marginalized peoples. It addresses the cultural, political, economic, and psychological effects of colonization. Key aspects of postcolonial theory include exploring colonial oppression, issues of cultural and national identity among colonized peoples, the dynamics of anti-colonial resistance movements, and providing an alternative perspective to the traditional colonial narratives. Major postcolonial theorists include Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Frantz Fanon, who analyzed concepts such as Orientalism, hybridity, and decolonizing the mind. Postcolonial criticism studies how literature represents and responds to colonial domination and its lingering effects
DEL MONTE eng pres 02/27/19 - talking pointsLoanniDelMonte
油
1. The document summarizes Ngugi's argument that remembering and acknowledging Africa's past through African languages will help restore Africa's identity and lead to an African renaissance.
2. It discusses how colonialism and slavery imposed a framework of whiteness that caused Africans to define themselves in relation to whiteness through "dismembering practices" like renaming and separating populations.
3. Applying the sociological imagination shows how personal experiences intersect with larger social forces, empowering Africans to engage in self-definition outside the colonial framework of whiteness.
How to Manage Putaway Rule in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
油
Inventory management is a critical aspect of any business involved in manufacturing or selling products.
Odoo 17 offers a robust inventory management system that can handle complex operations and optimize warehouse efficiency.
How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18Celine George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to attach file using upload button Odoo 18. Odoo features a dedicated model, 'ir.attachments,' designed for storing attachments submitted by end users. We can see the process of utilizing the 'ir.attachments' model to enable file uploads through web forms in this slide.
Computer Application in Business (commerce)Sudar Sudar
油
The main objectives
1. To introduce the concept of computer and its various parts. 2. To explain the concept of data base management system and Management information system.
3. To provide insight about networking and basics of internet
Recall various terms of computer and its part
Understand the meaning of software, operating system, programming language and its features
Comparing Data Vs Information and its management system Understanding about various concepts of management information system
Explain about networking and elements based on internet
1. Recall the various concepts relating to computer and its various parts
2 Understand the meaning of softwares, operating system etc
3 Understanding the meaning and utility of database management system
4 Evaluate the various aspects of management information system
5 Generating more ideas regarding the use of internet for business purpose
How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
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Integrate WhatsApp into Odoo using the WhatsApp Business API or third-party modules to enhance communication. This integration enables automated messaging and customer interaction management within Odoo 17.
Digital Tools with AI for e-Content Development.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
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This ppt is useful for not only for B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A. (Education) or any other PG level students or Ph.D. scholars but also for the school, college and university teachers who are interested to prepare an e-content with AI for their students and others.
Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slidesCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss the database population in Odoo 18. In Odoo, performance analysis of the source code is more important. Database population is one of the methods used to analyze the performance of our code.
Finals of Kaun TALHA : a Travel, Architecture, Lifestyle, Heritage and Activism quiz, organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
How to Configure Restaurants in Odoo 17 Point of SaleCeline George
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Odoo, a versatile and integrated business management software, excels with its robust Point of Sale (POS) module. This guide delves into the intricacies of configuring restaurants in Odoo 17 POS, unlocking numerous possibilities for streamlined operations and enhanced customer experiences.
QuickBooks Desktop to QuickBooks Online How to Make the MoveTechSoup
油
If you use QuickBooks Desktop and are stressing about moving to QuickBooks Online, in this webinar, get your questions answered and learn tips and tricks to make the process easier for you.
Key Questions:
* When is the best time to make the shift to QuickBooks Online?
* Will my current version of QuickBooks Desktop stop working?
* I have a really old version of QuickBooks. What should I do?
* I run my payroll in QuickBooks Desktop now. How is that affected?
*Does it bring over all my historical data? Are there things that don't come over?
* What are the main differences between QuickBooks Desktop and QuickBooks Online?
* And more
QuickBooks Desktop to QuickBooks Online How to Make the MoveTechSoup
油
Mimicry Bhabhannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
2. Macaulays of a class of interpreters between us and the millions whom
we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and colour but English in
taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect
Macaulay "a class of interpreters between us and the millions whom we
govern
Frantz Fanon in the phrase, black skin/white masks,
in other words a mimic man raised "through our English School," as a
missionary educationist wrote in 1819, "to form a corps of translators and
be employed in different departments of Labour.
makes a mockery of Oriental learning until faced with the challenge of
conceiving of a "reformed" colonial subject.
To be Anglicized, is emphatically not to be English.
3. Those inappropriate signifiers of colonial discourse-the difference
between being English and being Anglicized; the identity between
stereotypes which, through repetition, also become different; the
discriminatory identities constructed across traditional cultural norms
and classifications, the Simian Black, the Lying Asiatic--all these are
metonymies of presence.
They are strategies of desire in discourse that make the anomalous
(paradoxical, unusual) representation of the colonized
As Lacan reminds us, mimicry is like camouflage, not a harmonization
or repression of difference, but a form of resemblance that
differs/defends presence by displaying it in part, metonymically.
4. Mimicry is traditionally seems to be something to be shameful ( Amar Deep
Singh)
A slight element of satire and making fun of others
Derisive term to mimic the colonizer
Mimicry according to Bhaba, perpetuated through colonial policy
The idea was to create mimic men how to create India subjects to mimic the
habits esthetics and politics of the masters
To make interpreters and translators to create uncritical people
That kind of mimicry through maCaulay famous minutes create a subjects -Bhaba
is making it not exclusively as negative trend
Hot country like india and Pakistan , children are made to wear neck tie where as
it should of cold areas.
Practical use of English is not mimicry but style of pronunciation of British is
mimicry
5. Mimicry comes with slippages, excesses and difference
The discourse of mimicry is constructed around an ambivalence; in order to
be effective, mimicry must continually produce its slippage, its excess, its
difference.
Stricken by indeterminacy. No perfect def of mimicry ambiguous
ambivalence whether to copy- allows to mimick but never full become
anglicized
Signs of double articulation. They would us to be disciplined but no liberaty
double standard
Signs of inappropriateness
6. Bhabha recognizes then that colonial power carefully establishes
highly-sophisticated strategies of control and dominance; that is,
while it is aware of its ephemerality ( lasting a very short time), it is also
anxious to create the means that guarantee its economic, political
and cultural endurance, through the conception,
mimicry emerges as one of the most elusive and effective strategies
of colonial power and knowledge.
7. Colonial mimicry is the desire for a reformed, recognizable Other, as a
subject of a difference that is almost the same, but not quite.
Mimicry emerges as the representation of a difference that is itself a
process of disavowal.
Mimicry is, thus, the sign of a double articulation; a complex strategy of
reform, regulation, and discipline, which "appropriates" the Other as it
visualizes power.
Mimicry is also the sign of the inappropriate, however, a difference or
recalcitrance which operates the dominant strategic function of colonial
power, intensifies surveillance, and poses an imminent threat to both
"normalized" knowledge and disciplinary powers.
8. The effect of mimicry on the authority of colonial discourse is
profound and disturbing. For in "normalizing" the colonial state or
subject, the dream of post-Enlightenment civility alienates its own
language of liberty and produces another knowledge of its norms.
The ambivalence which thus informs this strategy is discernible, for
example, in Locke's Second Treatise which splits to reveal the
limitations of liberty in his double use of the word "slave
It is from this area between mimicry and mockery, where the
reforming, civilizing mission is threatened by the displacing gaze of its
disciplinary double,
9. Mimicry describe the ambivalence between the colonizer and
colonized
Under cover of camouflage, mimicry, like the fetish, is a part object
that radically revalues the normative knowledges of the priority of
race, writing, and history.
The ambivalence of colonial authority repeatedly turns from mimicry-
a difference that is almost nothing but not quite-to menace- a
difference that is almost total but not quite.
10. In the ambivalent world of the "not quite/not white," on the margins
of metropolitan desire, the founding objects of the Western world
become the erratic, eccentric, accidental objets trouves ("found object )of the
colonial discourse- the part-objects of presence. It is then that the
body and the book loose their representational authority.
Black skin splits under the racist gaze, displaced into signs of bestiality
(sexual relations between a human being and a lower animal), genitalia, grotesquerie (style of decorative
art characterized by fanciful or fantastic human and animal forms) which reveal the phobic myth of the
undifferentiated whole white body