Overview Radioactive Waste Management in RSA
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The document provides an overview of radioactive waste management in South Africa. It discusses the legislative framework, classification of wastes, and management options. It describes current practices such as pre-disposal management including decommissioning and storage, as well as disposal of low-level waste at Vaalputs. Key challenges include strengthening stakeholder trust and managing spent nuclear fuel. The concluding remarks emphasize that current practices align with international standards but stakeholder acceptance is critical to any radioactive waste management activities.
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Overview Radioactive Waste Management in RSA
- 1. OVERVIEW OF THE MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN SOUTH AFRICA BY: ALAN CAROLISSEN Senior Manager: Nuclear Liabilities Management (NLM) PRESENTATION TO 3rd NUCLEAR INDUSTRY CONGRESS AFRICA 3rd FEBRUARY 2016
- 2. Content Background Legislative and Regulatory Framework for Radwaste Management Waste classification, origin and management options Pre-Disposal of Radioactive Waste Disposal of Radioactive Waste Used (Spent) Nuclear Fuel Management Key Challenges Concluding Remarks Q&A
- 3. Background
- 4. THANK YOU
- 5. Overarching Objective Of Radwaste Management to deal with radioactive waste in a manner that protects human health and the environment now and in the future without imposing undue burdens on future generations.
- 7. Legislative and Regulatory Framework Approved by Cabinet and published in Nov 2005 Preparation of legislation for implementation Radwaste Fund National Committee on Radioactive Waste Management Radwaste Institute (NRWDI) Implementation within 5 years (Nov 2010)
- 10. Past Strategic Programs Uranium Enrichment Fuel fabrication Weapons programme
- 11. Current Nuclear Programs SAFARI-1 RESEARCH REACTOR KOEBERG NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- 12. Waste Classification and Management Options HLW ILW LLW VLLW VSLW REGULATORY ASPECTS TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS ECONOMICS SOCIETAL ISSUES MANAGEMENT OPTIONS TREATMENT & DISPOSAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND REQUIREMENTS
- 19. Now Reuse as Waste Store
- 21. Decontamination TV COILS IN D BUILDING CONTAMINATED PIPES
- 23. PELSTORE - MAIN WASTE STORAGE FACILITY
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- 29. Used Fuel Management In SA WET STORAGE DRY STORAGE
- 30. Disposal of Low Level Waste at Vaalputs
- 31. Low Level Waste Disposal Repository: Vaalputs
- 32. Commissioning of Vaalputs Site selection completed in 1985 Site operating license granted in 1986 First waste shipment arrived in November 1986 Only solidified or solid low level waste are disposed off.
- 33. 33 Red sand 0,5 m Red clay 10m White clay 5m Weathered granite 3m Fresh granite up to 100m Aquifer Disposal Concept Monitoring pipe Natural Clay 5.2m 8.0m Drainage layer 200mm Backfill Compacted clay cap Natural cover Top soil Waste packages 50m Shallow Land Disposal (SLD) Near surface trenches for LLW
- 34. Typical near surface trench 6m 3m 1.5m 3m X m
- 35. Types of Waste Dispose LLW in metal containers LLW in concrete containers Spent fuel racks
- 36. Receiving Waste
- 43. Embracing Best Practices ISO 9001 ACCREDITATION ISO 14001 ACCREDITATION
- 44. Nuclear Science &Technology Education Programme 44 Schools Outreach Programme National Science Week Brochures & Posters Tours & Visit Science and Math's Educator
- 45. KEY CHALLENGES
- 46. Key Challenges Deepening and Strengthening of Stakeholder Confidence and Trust
- 47. Nuclear (waste) is an Emotional Issue In nuclear (waste) business, peoples perceptions are driven by their fears. Fears caused by memories/perceptions of: Nuclear bomb explosions Nuclear reactor accidents Health effects associated Cancer Genetic birth effects
- 48. 48
- 49. Meriting Trust & Stakeholder Participation The disposal strategy and concept is technically sound, however societal acceptance is at best non-existent Canadian Regulatory committee 1986 The greatest single obstacle that a successful waste management programme must overcome is the severe erosion of public confidence US Office of Technology Assessment 1982
- 50. Key Challenges Management of Used (Spent) Nuclear Fuel and High Level Waste
- 51. Used Fuel Management Options Off-site above ground Centralized Interim Storage Facility Reprocessing, conditioning & recycling Direct disposal Transmutation
- 52. Used Nuclear Fuel Strategies At reactor storage + off-site storage At reactor storage+ off-site storage+ direct disposal At reactor storage+ reprocessing/recycling + disposal At reactor storage+ off-site storage+ reprocessing/recycling + disposal
- 53. Centralized Long Term Off-site Storage Facility
- 54. Deep Geological Repository Enapsulation and Disposal Fuel pellet of uranium dioxide Spent nuclear fuel Cladding tube Copper canister with cast-iron insert Bedrock Bentonite clay Geological repository for spent nuclear fuel Encapsulation and Disposal Facilities Source: SKB IC, 2008
- 56. Concluding Remarks Current radioactive waste management practises are in line with international best practise and in some cases like the disposal of low level at Vaalputs, we are the GLOBAL leader Vaalputs can easily accommodate the additional projected Low Level Waste inventory stemming from the envisaged new build programme Regardless of the chosen UNF Strategy, the following technical outcomes are inescapable: Centralized Long Term Off-site Storage Facility is required (2025) Deep Geological Repository is required (2065)
- 57. Concluding Remarks Many countries have adopted dry cask UNF storage as an interim strategy in the absence of a deep geological repository. Recent Fukushima event heightened public concern about long term onsite storage in pools / dry casks. The Vaalputs site is a candidate site for the establishment of the above ground off-site centralised interim dry storage facility for used nuclear fuel as well as for hosting the deep geological repository. Develop and implement a comprehensive communication strategy and plan to (1) demystify and decipher the publics fears regarding the management of radioactive waste and (2) to deepen and strengthen stakeholder acceptance, confidence and trust. Biggest challenge of any radwaste management related activity is to ensure societal and political acceptance.
- 58. To ensure societal and political acceptance Make communication, public participation and stakeholder engagement Part of your Radioactive Waste Management DNA !!!
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- 60. 60 Thank You !!! Baie Dankie !!! Re ya leboga !!! Siyabonga !!!