Chapter1 material structure and binary alloy system Wan Zulfadli
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This document provides information about Material Technology 1 course offered by PN. Norhazlina Bte Amon. The course covers topics like material structure, binary alloy systems, ferrous materials, metal working processes, corrosion and non-ferrous metals over 18 weeks. Students will be assessed through quizzes, theory tests and other tasks like end of chapter exercises and presentations.
Mass spectroscopy for M Sc I Chemistry SPPUsiraj174
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It involves converting the sample into gaseous ions, separating the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio, and detecting the relative abundance of each ion. There are four key stages: ionization, acceleration, deflection according to mass-to-charge ratio, and detection. Different types of peaks in a mass spectrum provide information about the molecule, including the molecular ion peak, which indicates the molecular mass, and fragment ion peaks, which result from fragmentation of the molecular ion. Rules like the nitrogen rule and rule of 13 can help determine molecular formulas from mass spectrometry data.
Mumbai University
Mechanical engineering
SEM III
Material Technology
module 1.3
Deformation:
Definition, elastic and plastic deformation, Mechanism of deformation and its significance in design and shaping, Critical Resolved shear stress, Deformation in single crystal and polycrystalline materials, Slip systems and deformability of FCC, BCC and HCP lattice systems.
Indeed, the structure of an atom is fundamental to understanding the properties and behaviour of matter. At its core, an atom consists of three primary subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These constituents collectively determine the atom's mass and charge.
To learn more about VAVA Classes, visit: www.vavaclasses.com
This document provides an introduction to semiconductor materials. It discusses how silicon and germanium atoms are arranged in a periodic diamond or zincblende lattice structure, where each atom covalently bonds with four neighboring atoms. It explains that intrinsic semiconductors have a small bandgap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing a few electrons to reach the conduction band and conduct electricity at room temperature due to thermal excitation. The document introduces how doping can produce an excess or deficiency of carriers to create n-type or p-type semiconductors.
Mass spectroscopy for MSc I Chemistry of SPPUsiraj174
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* Using Rule of 13:
* Molecular mass = 128
* 128/13 = 9 with remainder of 8
* So the hydrocarbon formula is C9H9+8 = C9H17
* It is given that there are 8 hydrogens
* So remove 8 hydrogens from C9H17 to get C9H9
Therefore, the molecular formula is C9H9
This document provides an overview of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It discusses the basic principles and instrumentation of GC-MS, including how the GC separates compounds which are then ionized and passed to the mass spectrometer for analysis. The mass spectrometer generates mass spectra which can be used to identify compounds based on molecular ion peaks and fragmentation patterns. The document also discusses various ionization techniques, types of mass analyzers, and how to interpret mass spectra, including identifying compounds based on isotope abundance patterns.
Faraday cages and microwaves work by redirecting oscillating electric fields. Metals allow electron movement which causes electric fields to develop across the surface, canceling interior fields. This shields electromagnetic waves inside metal boxes and microwave ovens. Microwave ovens heat food by flipping water molecules, while metals within grow hot from constrained electron flow. Mesh screens work if holes are smaller than wavelengths, allowing electron redistribution.
1) Faraday cages and metal mesh screens can shield electromagnetic fields by allowing electrons in the metal to redistribute rapidly and cancel out the internal electric field.
2) Microwave ovens work by exciting the oscillation of water molecules with microwaves (wavelength 1-100 cm), generating heat as the molecules collide.
3) While ice does not absorb microwaves directly, defrosting food relies on thermal diffusion to transfer heat from areas that do absorb microwaves.
This document outlines the units and learning objectives for a physical science course. The course covers scientific method, lab safety, tools of science, motion, waves and sound, electromagnetic radiation, electricity and magnetism, thermal energy, atomic structure, nuclear energy, chemical bonding, chemical reactions, and biological/organic chemistry. Key concepts include Newton's laws of motion, properties of light and sound waves, electricity and magnetism, atomic models, nuclear decay, chemical bonding and reactions, acids and bases. Students will learn to apply these concepts to solve basic physics and chemistry problems.
This document describes a study that determines the relative abundances of elements in the warm absorber of the active galaxy Mrk 509 using X-ray spectra from XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. The study finds relative abundances that are consistent with proto-solar values, with the exception of sulfur which is slightly underabundant. Specifically, the study measures relative abundances of carbon, nitrogen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, calcium, and iron with respect to oxygen. These abundances provide information about the enrichment processes in the host galaxy and can be compared to abundances measured in other galaxies to study abundance evolution.
This document discusses the properties and evolution of orthodontic wire materials. It begins by introducing the key components of orthodontic appliances and defining what constitutes an orthodontic wire. The document then covers the following topics in subsequent sections:
- The history of orthodontic wire development from the 18th century to present day, including early materials used and milestones in new material introductions.
- General properties of orthodontic wire materials like crystal structure, work hardening, annealing, polymorphism, and mechanical properties such as stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and strength.
- An overview of common orthodontic wire materials including stainless steel, nickel-titanium, beta titanium, and
This document summarizes research on amphiphiles and Langmuir monolayers. It discusses how amphiphiles are composed of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. When spread on water, amphiphiles form Langmuir monolayers where the heads interact with water and tails with air. Pressure-area isotherms of these monolayers show phase transitions as pressure increases. Adding metal ions to the water subphase can induce superlattice formation underneath the monolayer. Studies using x-ray diffraction and other techniques characterized the structures of various Langmuir monolayers and how they change with conditions like subphase pH and metal ion type.
This document provides copyright information for a book on material science published by NewAge International (P) Ltd. It contains blank pages and a preface written by the authors Bhilwara S.L. Kakani and Amit Kakani in February 2004 thanking the publisher and welcoming suggestions to improve the book. The preface is followed by a table of contents outlining the chapters in the book.
The document provides information about Biju Patnaik University of Technology in Odisha, India. It includes the course structure and syllabus for the 1st year B.Tech program for the 2008 admission batch. The 1st and 2nd semesters include subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Basic Electronics, Thermodynamics, and Programming in C. The syllabus and lab experiments for subjects like Chemistry, Physics, and Programming in C are also outlined.
The document provides information about Biju Patnaik University of Technology in Odisha, India. It includes the course structure and syllabus for the 1st year B.Tech program for the 2008 admission batch. The 1st and 2nd semesters include subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Basic Electronics, Thermodynamics, and Programming in C. The syllabus and lab experiments for subjects like Chemistry, Physics, and Programming in C are also outlined.
The document provides information about Biju Patnaik University of Technology in Odisha, India. It includes the course structure and syllabus for the 1st year B.Tech program for the 2008 admission batch. The 1st and 2nd semesters include subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Basic Electronics, Thermodynamics, and Programming in C. The syllabus and lab experiments for subjects like Chemistry, Physics, and Programming in C are also outlined.
The document discusses green energy sources such as solar and wind power. It notes two main problems with fossil fuels: they are finite and will run out, and their combustion produces polluting gases. It then provides information on various green energy technologies like solar thermal power, photovoltaics, wind turbines, and their advantages and disadvantages. Key green energy sources discussed include solar power, which can be used for daylight, drying crops, heating spaces and water, and generating electricity via concentrated solar power or photovoltaics. Wind power is also summarized, including the power density of wind at different heights and applications of wind turbines.
The document outlines the syllabus for a B.Sc. in Physics over 6 semesters. It includes:
- Theory and practical courses each semester on topics like mechanics, waves, thermodynamics, optics, and modern physics.
- Theory courses are 4 hours per week and practical courses are 3 hours per week.
- Sample topics for semester 1 include mechanics, vectors, central forces, and special relativity. The practical focuses on experiments related to mechanics.
- Recommended textbooks and references are provided for each subject.
The document provides lecture notes on antennas that cover various topics:
- A brief history of antenna development and types including electrically small, resonant, broadband, and aperture antennas.
- Analysis of fundamental antenna parameters such as radiation patterns, impedance, directivity and gain.
- Descriptions of simple radiating systems including monopoles and dipoles.
- Discussions of antenna arrays and their properties including pattern multiplication and mutual coupling effects.
- Explanations of other antenna categories like line sources, resonant antennas, and broadband antennas.
- Overviews of aperture antennas including horns, reflectors and their analysis methods.
Unit-I BASICS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS.pptBHARATNIKKAM
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The document discusses various topics related to engineering materials including their classification, structure, microstructure, sample preparation techniques, and properties. It defines materials and material science. Materials are classified as metals and alloys, non-metals, and composite materials. Metals have crystalline structures such as body centered cubic, face centered cubic, and hexagonal close packed. Microstructure is studied using various types of microscopes. Sample preparation involves cutting, mounting, polishing, and etching specimens. Key properties of metals discussed are physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and chemical.
Properties of coordination compounds part 3 of 3Chris Sonntag
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Coordination compounds can exist in equilibrium between metal ions and ligands in solution. The stability of the coordination complex depends on factors like the equilibrium constant, ligand field stabilization energy, and hardness/softness of the metal ion and ligand based on the HSAB principle. Multidentate and macrocyclic ligands form more stable complexes with metal ions due to the chelate effect and increased entropy. The electronic configuration of the metal ion can also influence stability and magnetic properties based on the Jahn-Teller effect and orbital angular momentum contributions.
This document describes modifications made to a computational model of optical trapping. The author improved the previous code to include options for reflective spheres, Bessel and TEM01 laser modes, varying laser power over time, a Cunningham drag correction, and a modified Newtonian solver. Spherical shells were also modeled by calculating momentum changes from photon reflections using Fresnel coefficients for the inner and outer surfaces. The updated model provides a more accurate and flexible tool for studying optical trapping of microscale particles.
The document outlines the syllabus for the CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test in Physics. It is divided into three parts: Part A tests aptitude, Part B covers core concepts in physics, and Part C covers more advanced topics. Part B includes mathematical methods, classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and electronics. Part C builds on these topics and also includes atomic/molecular physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics. Each section provides a detailed list of concepts and formulas covered in that part of the exam.
1) Faraday cages and metal mesh screens can shield electromagnetic fields by allowing electrons in the metal to redistribute rapidly and cancel out the internal electric field.
2) Microwave ovens work by exciting the oscillation of water molecules with microwaves (wavelength 1-100 cm), generating heat as the molecules collide.
3) While ice does not absorb microwaves directly, defrosting food relies on thermal diffusion to transfer heat from areas that do absorb microwaves.
This document outlines the units and learning objectives for a physical science course. The course covers scientific method, lab safety, tools of science, motion, waves and sound, electromagnetic radiation, electricity and magnetism, thermal energy, atomic structure, nuclear energy, chemical bonding, chemical reactions, and biological/organic chemistry. Key concepts include Newton's laws of motion, properties of light and sound waves, electricity and magnetism, atomic models, nuclear decay, chemical bonding and reactions, acids and bases. Students will learn to apply these concepts to solve basic physics and chemistry problems.
This document describes a study that determines the relative abundances of elements in the warm absorber of the active galaxy Mrk 509 using X-ray spectra from XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. The study finds relative abundances that are consistent with proto-solar values, with the exception of sulfur which is slightly underabundant. Specifically, the study measures relative abundances of carbon, nitrogen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, calcium, and iron with respect to oxygen. These abundances provide information about the enrichment processes in the host galaxy and can be compared to abundances measured in other galaxies to study abundance evolution.
This document discusses the properties and evolution of orthodontic wire materials. It begins by introducing the key components of orthodontic appliances and defining what constitutes an orthodontic wire. The document then covers the following topics in subsequent sections:
- The history of orthodontic wire development from the 18th century to present day, including early materials used and milestones in new material introductions.
- General properties of orthodontic wire materials like crystal structure, work hardening, annealing, polymorphism, and mechanical properties such as stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and strength.
- An overview of common orthodontic wire materials including stainless steel, nickel-titanium, beta titanium, and
This document summarizes research on amphiphiles and Langmuir monolayers. It discusses how amphiphiles are composed of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. When spread on water, amphiphiles form Langmuir monolayers where the heads interact with water and tails with air. Pressure-area isotherms of these monolayers show phase transitions as pressure increases. Adding metal ions to the water subphase can induce superlattice formation underneath the monolayer. Studies using x-ray diffraction and other techniques characterized the structures of various Langmuir monolayers and how they change with conditions like subphase pH and metal ion type.
This document provides copyright information for a book on material science published by NewAge International (P) Ltd. It contains blank pages and a preface written by the authors Bhilwara S.L. Kakani and Amit Kakani in February 2004 thanking the publisher and welcoming suggestions to improve the book. The preface is followed by a table of contents outlining the chapters in the book.
The document provides information about Biju Patnaik University of Technology in Odisha, India. It includes the course structure and syllabus for the 1st year B.Tech program for the 2008 admission batch. The 1st and 2nd semesters include subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Basic Electronics, Thermodynamics, and Programming in C. The syllabus and lab experiments for subjects like Chemistry, Physics, and Programming in C are also outlined.
The document provides information about Biju Patnaik University of Technology in Odisha, India. It includes the course structure and syllabus for the 1st year B.Tech program for the 2008 admission batch. The 1st and 2nd semesters include subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Basic Electronics, Thermodynamics, and Programming in C. The syllabus and lab experiments for subjects like Chemistry, Physics, and Programming in C are also outlined.
The document provides information about Biju Patnaik University of Technology in Odisha, India. It includes the course structure and syllabus for the 1st year B.Tech program for the 2008 admission batch. The 1st and 2nd semesters include subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Basic Electronics, Thermodynamics, and Programming in C. The syllabus and lab experiments for subjects like Chemistry, Physics, and Programming in C are also outlined.
The document discusses green energy sources such as solar and wind power. It notes two main problems with fossil fuels: they are finite and will run out, and their combustion produces polluting gases. It then provides information on various green energy technologies like solar thermal power, photovoltaics, wind turbines, and their advantages and disadvantages. Key green energy sources discussed include solar power, which can be used for daylight, drying crops, heating spaces and water, and generating electricity via concentrated solar power or photovoltaics. Wind power is also summarized, including the power density of wind at different heights and applications of wind turbines.
The document outlines the syllabus for a B.Sc. in Physics over 6 semesters. It includes:
- Theory and practical courses each semester on topics like mechanics, waves, thermodynamics, optics, and modern physics.
- Theory courses are 4 hours per week and practical courses are 3 hours per week.
- Sample topics for semester 1 include mechanics, vectors, central forces, and special relativity. The practical focuses on experiments related to mechanics.
- Recommended textbooks and references are provided for each subject.
The document provides lecture notes on antennas that cover various topics:
- A brief history of antenna development and types including electrically small, resonant, broadband, and aperture antennas.
- Analysis of fundamental antenna parameters such as radiation patterns, impedance, directivity and gain.
- Descriptions of simple radiating systems including monopoles and dipoles.
- Discussions of antenna arrays and their properties including pattern multiplication and mutual coupling effects.
- Explanations of other antenna categories like line sources, resonant antennas, and broadband antennas.
- Overviews of aperture antennas including horns, reflectors and their analysis methods.
Unit-I BASICS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS.pptBHARATNIKKAM
Ìý
The document discusses various topics related to engineering materials including their classification, structure, microstructure, sample preparation techniques, and properties. It defines materials and material science. Materials are classified as metals and alloys, non-metals, and composite materials. Metals have crystalline structures such as body centered cubic, face centered cubic, and hexagonal close packed. Microstructure is studied using various types of microscopes. Sample preparation involves cutting, mounting, polishing, and etching specimens. Key properties of metals discussed are physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and chemical.
Properties of coordination compounds part 3 of 3Chris Sonntag
Ìý
Coordination compounds can exist in equilibrium between metal ions and ligands in solution. The stability of the coordination complex depends on factors like the equilibrium constant, ligand field stabilization energy, and hardness/softness of the metal ion and ligand based on the HSAB principle. Multidentate and macrocyclic ligands form more stable complexes with metal ions due to the chelate effect and increased entropy. The electronic configuration of the metal ion can also influence stability and magnetic properties based on the Jahn-Teller effect and orbital angular momentum contributions.
This document describes modifications made to a computational model of optical trapping. The author improved the previous code to include options for reflective spheres, Bessel and TEM01 laser modes, varying laser power over time, a Cunningham drag correction, and a modified Newtonian solver. Spherical shells were also modeled by calculating momentum changes from photon reflections using Fresnel coefficients for the inner and outer surfaces. The updated model provides a more accurate and flexible tool for studying optical trapping of microscale particles.
The document outlines the syllabus for the CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test in Physics. It is divided into three parts: Part A tests aptitude, Part B covers core concepts in physics, and Part C covers more advanced topics. Part B includes mathematical methods, classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and electronics. Part C builds on these topics and also includes atomic/molecular physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics. Each section provides a detailed list of concepts and formulas covered in that part of the exam.
Prelims of Rass MELAI : a Music, Entertainment, Literature, Arts and Internet Culture Quiz organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
Blind Spots in AI and Formulation Science Knowledge Pyramid (Updated Perspect...Ajaz Hussain
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This presentation delves into the systemic blind spots within pharmaceutical science and regulatory systems, emphasizing the significance of "inactive ingredients" and their influence on therapeutic equivalence. These blind spots, indicative of normalized systemic failures, go beyond mere chance occurrences and are ingrained deeply enough to compromise decision-making processes and erode trust.
Historical instances like the 1938 FD&C Act and the Generic Drug Scandals underscore how crisis-triggered reforms often fail to address the fundamental issues, perpetuating inefficiencies and hazards.
The narrative advocates a shift from reactive crisis management to proactive, adaptable systems prioritizing continuous enhancement. Key hurdles involve challenging outdated assumptions regarding bioavailability, inadequately funded research ventures, and the impact of vague language in regulatory frameworks.
The rise of large language models (LLMs) presents promising solutions, albeit with accompanying risks necessitating thorough validation and seamless integration.
Tackling these blind spots demands a holistic approach, embracing adaptive learning and a steadfast commitment to self-improvement. By nurturing curiosity, refining regulatory terminology, and judiciously harnessing new technologies, the pharmaceutical sector can progress towards better public health service delivery and ensure the safety, efficacy, and real-world impact of drug products.
How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18Celine George
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In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to attach file using upload button Odoo 18. Odoo features a dedicated model, 'ir.attachments,' designed for storing attachments submitted by end users. We can see the process of utilizing the 'ir.attachments' model to enable file uploads through web forms in this slide.
Reordering Rules in Odoo 17 Inventory - Odoo ºÝºÝߣsCeline George
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In Odoo 17, the Inventory module allows us to set up reordering rules to ensure that our stock levels are maintained, preventing stockouts. Let's explore how this feature works.
Research & Research Methods: Basic Concepts and Types.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
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This ppt has been made for the students pursuing PG in social science and humanities like M.Ed., M.A. (Education), Ph.D. Scholars. It will be also beneficial for the teachers and other faculty members interested in research and teaching research concepts.
How to Modify Existing Web Pages in Odoo 18Celine George
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In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to modify existing web pages in Odoo 18. Web pages in Odoo 18 can also gather user data through user-friendly forms, encourage interaction through engaging features.
4. Major Issues:
1. When to take Elements ?
2. How to take Elements ?
3. How to Integrate and put
Limits ?
5. Almost All
List of Chapters in which this CONCEPT can be applied
1. COM
2. Rotational Motion (MOI, Torque)
3. Gravitation
4. Solids & Fluids
5. Thermal Properties
6. Wave Motion
7. Electrostatics & Capacitors
8. Current Electricity
9. Magnetism & EMI
10. Ray Optics
6. List of Typical Element Taking Approach:
1. Rod (along the length)
2. Arc of a Circle
3. Part of a Disc
4. Hollow Hemisphere / Sphere
5. Solid Hemisphere / Sphere
6. Cuboidal Solid/Hollow Cone and
Frustum of a Cone
7. ROD (Along the Length)
Generally in such questions a parameter
Like Linear mass density or Linear charge
Density is defined.