Phenols are chemical compounds that contain a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Phenols are hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons where a hydrogen on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxyl group. Phenols react in various ways including forming salts with bases, undergoing oxidation, and reacting with bromine water, nitric acid, iron chloride, and other compounds. Phenols have medical uses as keratolytics, antipruritics, and disinfectants due to their caustic effects on tissues.
This document discusses methods for removing phenol contaminants like bisphenol A (BPA) from water samples. It explores using the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) found in plants to oxidize phenols into colored quinones, which are then captured by chitosan. Specifically, potato extract is shown to effectively oxidize BPA as monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Optimization of variables like potato extract concentration, chitosan amount, and reaction conditions is discussed. Magnetic chitosan beads are also prepared and tested for removing oxidized BPA products, demonstrating an approach for removing phenol contaminants from the environment.
Phenols are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest phenol is phenol itself, which has a chemical formula of C6H5OH and a structure of a hydroxyl group bonded to a phenyl ring. Phenols have higher acidities than alcohols due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a loose bond between oxygen and hydrogen. Phenols are found naturally, especially in plants, and are also used industrially and in various medicinals like aspirin and propofol.
Alcohols contain an -OH group bonded to a carbon atom. They are classified based on the carbon the OH group is attached to as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols. Alcohols have higher boiling points than similar hydrocarbons due to hydrogen bonding. Common alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Alcohols are used in drinks, fuels, solvents, and to synthesize other organic compounds. Phenol contains an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring. It is used as an antiseptic and in making resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Phenol undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions more readily than benz
The document discusses plant phenolic compounds. It notes that thousands of phenolic structures are known, accounting for 40% of organic carbon in the biosphere. Phenolic compounds are primarily derived from the phenylpropanoid and acetate pathways and play important roles in plant cell walls, defense, wood/bark features, and flower color/flavor. Phenolic compounds can be classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Key flavonoids discussed include quercetin, naringenin, and isoflavonoids like genistein and daidzein. Non-flavonoids include hydroxycinnamates, stilbenes like resveratrol, and tannins.
Phenol and its derivatives have both IUPAC and common names. Phenol is a white crystalline solid that is hazardous to skin. It has higher melting and boiling points than toluene due to hydrogen bonding between phenol molecules. Phenol is moderately soluble in water and weakly acidic. Major uses of phenol involve its conversion to plastics, resins, nylon precursors, and drugs like aspirin. It is also used as a throat pain reliever and in nucleic acid extractions.
This document discusses methods for removing phenol contaminants like bisphenol A (BPA) from water samples. It explores using the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) found in plants to oxidize phenols into colored quinones, which are then captured by chitosan. Specifically, potato extract is shown to effectively oxidize BPA as monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Optimization of variables like potato extract concentration, chitosan amount, and reaction conditions is discussed. Magnetic chitosan beads are also prepared and tested for removing oxidized BPA products, demonstrating an approach for removing phenol contaminants from the environment.
Phenols are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest phenol is phenol itself, which has a chemical formula of C6H5OH and a structure of a hydroxyl group bonded to a phenyl ring. Phenols have higher acidities than alcohols due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a loose bond between oxygen and hydrogen. Phenols are found naturally, especially in plants, and are also used industrially and in various medicinals like aspirin and propofol.
Alcohols contain an -OH group bonded to a carbon atom. They are classified based on the carbon the OH group is attached to as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols. Alcohols have higher boiling points than similar hydrocarbons due to hydrogen bonding. Common alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Alcohols are used in drinks, fuels, solvents, and to synthesize other organic compounds. Phenol contains an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring. It is used as an antiseptic and in making resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Phenol undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions more readily than benz
The document discusses plant phenolic compounds. It notes that thousands of phenolic structures are known, accounting for 40% of organic carbon in the biosphere. Phenolic compounds are primarily derived from the phenylpropanoid and acetate pathways and play important roles in plant cell walls, defense, wood/bark features, and flower color/flavor. Phenolic compounds can be classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Key flavonoids discussed include quercetin, naringenin, and isoflavonoids like genistein and daidzein. Non-flavonoids include hydroxycinnamates, stilbenes like resveratrol, and tannins.
Phenol and its derivatives have both IUPAC and common names. Phenol is a white crystalline solid that is hazardous to skin. It has higher melting and boiling points than toluene due to hydrogen bonding between phenol molecules. Phenol is moderately soluble in water and weakly acidic. Major uses of phenol involve its conversion to plastics, resins, nylon precursors, and drugs like aspirin. It is also used as a throat pain reliever and in nucleic acid extractions.