Philip Johnson
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Philip Johnson was an influential American architect who helped introduce modern architecture to the United States. He founded the architecture department at MoMA in 1930 and curated a landmark exhibition on the International Style. Johnson's Glass House, built in 1949, was his masterpiece that explored modern design through its use of glass and steel. Throughout his career, Johnson designed many iconic office towers in various styles, including collaborating with Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building. He is credited with popularizing modern architecture and elevating the status of architects.
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Philip Johnson
- 1. ARCHITECT PHILIP JOHNSON January 8, 1906- January 25, 2005
- 2. Beginning of Career: - Founded the Department of Architecture and Design at Museum of Modern Art (1930) - Produced the landmark show The International Style: Architecture since 1922 as an introduction of modern architecture to the American public. What is Modern Architecture? 1. Emphasis on architectural volume over mass (planes over solidity) 2. A rejection of symmetry 3. A rejection of applied decoration
- 3. THE GLASS HOUSE: HIS MASTERPIECE - Built in 1949 as Johnsons primary residence. - Set in the landscape with views as its real walls - The buildings sides are made of glass and charcoal painted steel; floor is brink, not flush with ground but sits 10 inches above - Interior is open separated by low walnut cabinets - A brick cylinder contains the bathroom and is the only object that goes from floor to ceiling. - Johnson continued to add new architectural essays to his Glass House Estate
- 4. The Brick House The Pond Pavilion Painting Gallery Each building in his Glass House complex in New Canaan was an exploration of a new interest, and he was able to leave them as a historic collage of his interests.. He referred to the Glass House site as his fifty-year diary. Sculpture Gallery The Ghost House Da Monsta
- 5. The Seagram Building (NYC): - Johnson collaborated with Mies van der Rohe to design a 39-story skyscraper in 1958. - After this, Johnsons practice grew and he worked on projects like the Lincoln Center and New York State Theater. - After completion Johnson moved from his glass and steel tower buildings to designing spectacular crystalline structures sheathed in glass.
- 6. Builder of Iconic Office Towers (1969-1991) Collaborated with John Burgee to design numerous towers all over the county with his famous International Style. IDS Center, Crystal Cathedral, Pennzoil Place, Minneapolis Southern California Houston, TX
- 7. The AT&T Building: - Build 1984 in Manhattan for Sony - Immediately controversial for its neo-Georgian pediment. - Defied every aspect of modernist aesthetic. - Seen as the first Postmodernist statement
- 8. Philip was an unbelievable conduit between the people with money and the younger people who design things.
- 9. He was responsible for helping so many of us to launch our careers. The Pennzoil towers in Houston changed the anonymity of the typical office tower into a more sculptural object. Johnson was a singular tastemaker, influencing architecture, art, and design during the second- half of the twentieth century.
- 10. His 1932 exhibition placed architecture in the museum, making it a discipline as important as painting or sculpture. That had a major effect on the way Americans looked at it, and I dont know of any other equivalent in another country, putting architecture in museums that early.
- 11. His exhibition in 1932 on International Style at the Museum of Modern Art and the book that he wrote with Henry-Russell Hitchcock sold modernism to America. He made it understandable by concentrating on the formal aspects of modernism, which is what interested the public at large
- 12. Johnson was the Andy Warhol of architecture: He was instrumental in transforming dogmatic modern practice into an issue of style, and the status of the architect into celebrity.