MSc Thesis - Modelling of the Bowland and Holywell Shales
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The document describes modeling the burial history of the Northern Cheshire Basin in the UK using Novva software. Key points: - The most prospective area for shale gas exploration is the northern basin slope at depths of 1500-2000m, where peak maturity was reached during the Cimmerian inversion around 180Ma. - Understanding maximum burial and erosion during this inversion is important for identifying the most prospective areas. - Re-triggering of gas generation during the Tertiary was unlikely, as the Carboniferous source rocks were only partially matured. - Future exploration should target depths of around 1750m on the basin slope to test the Permo-Triassic sources and fracturing potential. The
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Ad
MSc Thesis - Modelling of the Bowland and Holywell Shales
- 2. Produce several 1-D burial models across the extent of the Cheshire Basin. Model a series of alternate scenarios for the burial history of the Northern Cheshire Basin. Develop the models utilising Novva software.
- 3. Sedimentary fill is of Permian- Jurassic age Vast erosion leads to removal of younger sediments Thicknesses are variable within the basin Source Units Blacon East Input Stratigraphy
- 5. Mikkelsen and Floodpage 1997
- 6. Modified from Plant et al. 1999
- 7. IGas 2014
- 8. Basin models generated using Novva software Data used in the modelling process was taken from publicly available sources Kerogen kinetics information was available for all source units
- 10. Mikkelsen and Floodpage 1997
- 11. Reduced Original Increased Variscan Inversion 150m 300m 600m Cimmerian Inversion 125m 250m 500m Tertiary Inversion 400m 800m 1600m Cimmerian Inversion controls final maturity Re-generation is unlikely in the Tertiary Difference of 15% in the transformation ratios of the Bowland-Hodder Shales Increased Reduced
- 12. Adsorption increases with: Increasing pressure due to: -burial -generation pressure -ice shield development Decreasing temperature due to: -uplift / erosion -decreasing heat flow or thermal gradient -glaciations Increasing TOC due to: -higher original organic matter content Adsoprtion Potential vs Temperature & Pressure 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Declining Temperature 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Pore Pressure (PSI) Adsorption potential (scf/ton) 0 (尊C) 20 (尊C) 40 (尊C) 60 (尊C) 80 (尊C) 100 (尊C) 120 (尊C) 140 (尊C) 160 (尊C) 180 (尊C) 200 (尊C) 220 (尊C) 240 (尊C) 260 (尊C) 280 (尊C) 300 (尊C) Adsorption Potential vs TOC & Pressure 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2.5 (%) 2.0 (%) 1.5 (%) 1.0 (%) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Presssure (PSI) Adsorption Potentail (scf/ton) 0.5 (%) 3.0 (%) 3.5 (%) 4.0 (%) 4.5 (%) 5.0 (%) Increasing TOC
- 13. Maximum generation in the Cretaceous Partial desorption possible during the Tertiary igneous event Overall there is good evidence for adsorption through time
- 14. More aesthetic outputs More accurate heat-flow reconstruction User-defined kerogen input Accessibility Requires addition of more features
- 15. Most prominent area for exploration is on the northern basin slope, at a depth of around:1500- 2000m. Peak maturity is achieved around 180Ma (Cimmerian inversion). Understanding the maximum burial and amount of erosion during this event is paramount to identifying the most prospective areas for shale-gas exploration. Re-triggering of generation in the Tertiary was unlikely with the Carboniferous source rocks partially matured.
- 16. Future exploration work should be targeted on the basin slope at depths of around 1750m to top Permo-Trias. A technical evaluation of the source units; to determine the effectiveness of artificial fracturing. -No public domain data -Common analogues are not applicable (Waters et al. 2009). Novva software needs to continue being developed, improving reliability and adding functionality.
- 17. Supervisors James Armstrong and Kevin Taylor Software Sirius Exploration Geochemistry Kerogen Kinetics data Petroleum Systems ltd.
- 18. Andrews, I. J. 2013. The Carboniferous Bowland Shale gas study: geology and resource estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London. Armstrong, J. P., Smith, J., DElia, V. A. A., & Trueblood, S.P. 1997. The occurrence and correlation of oils and Namurian source rocks in the Liverpool Bay-North Wales area. In: Meadows, N. S., Trueblood, S.P., Hardman, M. & Cowan, G. (eds.) Petroleum Geology of the Irish Sea and Adjacent Areas. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124, 195-211. Igas Energy (Ltd.) 2012. Results Presentation & Shale Update. June 2012. Energy Institute, London. Mikkelsen, P. W. & Floodpage, J. B. 1997. The hydrocarbon potential of the Cheshire Basin. In: Meadows, N. S., Trueblood, S. P., Hardman, M. & Cowan, G. (eds.) Petroleum Geology of the Irish Sea and Adjacent Areas. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124, 161-183. Plant, J. A., Jones, D. G. & Haslam, H. W. (eds.) 1999. The Cheshire Basin: Basin evolution, fluid movement and mineral resources in a Permo-Triassic rift setting. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London. Waters, C. N., Waters, R. A., Barclay, W. J. & Davies, J. R. 2009. A lithostratigraphical framework for the Carboniferous successions of southern Great Britain (Onshore). British Geological Survey Report, Nottingham.
- 19. Thank you for your attention Questions?
- 21. Figure - Early Carboniferous basins and platforms of northern England. (Modified from Andrews 2013) *CLH = Central Lancashire High; HH = Holme High
- 24. Input Reason TOC Evaluate present and assess original organic richness Depths/thicknesses of stratigraphic units Assess present day overburden Eroded thicknesses Restore previously removed overburden Lithology Aid in assessment of thermal conductivity, enabling estimation of heat-flow through history Vitrinite Reflectance Calibrate the models heat-flow history Geothermal Gradient Calibrate the post-depositional thermal regime As well as the key data, additional information was also gathered in order to produce more precise models: Present day surface temperature Palaeo-surface temperature Well location Well datum Downhole temperature Sea level fluctuations through time (Palaeoelevation/palaeobathymetry) Tectonic history Kerogen information
- 25. Event/Unit Start age (Ma) Reference Glacial 1 Aitkenhead et al. 2002 Tertiary unconformity 54 Kirby et al. 2000 Mesozoic deposition 176 Kirby et al. 2000 Mercia Mudstone Group 235 Aitkenhead et al. 2002 Sherwood Sandstone Group 245 Aitkenhead et al. 2002 Manchester Marl 251 Aitkenhead et al. 2002 Collyhurst Sandstone 260 Pearson and Russell2000 Variscan unconformity 277 Kirby et al. 2000 Westphalian deposition 312.5 Aitkenhead et al. 2002 Upper Namurian Limestone 316 Aitkenhead et al. 2002 Holywell Shales (Upper and Lower) 320 Fraser and Gawthorpe 1990 Lower Namurian Limestone 324 Pearson and Russell 2000 Upper Bowland Shale 328 Fraser and Gawthorpe 1990 Upper Dinantian Limestone Group 330 Fraser and Gawthorpe 1990 Lower Bowland Shale 334 Fraser and Gawthorpe 1990 Lower Dinantian Limestone Group 335 Fraser and Gawthorpe 1990 Hodder Shale 339 Fraser and Gawthorpe 1990
- 27. Original Inverted Average Cimmerian Inversion 250m 800m 525m Tertiary Inversion 800m 250m 525m Reduced Original Increased Variscan Inversion 150m 300m 600m Cimmerian Inversion 125m 250m 500m Tertiary Inversion 400m 800m 1600m
Editor's Notes
- #2: Try something eye-catching as title slide