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South_Blakey_Evolution of GIS Based Analysis ECIM Haugesund 2010
- 1. The Evolution of GIS Based Analysis in Petroleum Exploration Bernie South & Grahame Blakey, ExxonMobil International Ltd ECIM User Conference, Haugesund, Norway 14th September 2010
- 2. 2 2 Contradictory Truths Things are always better, faster, neater now than they used to be It aint necessarily so............... In the good old days, things were much better than they are now Again, not necessarily so......... * Image Source : http://www.copyrightfreephotos.com/gallery/technology/81744816/ *
- 3. 3 So what about GIS? Is GIS based analysis in petroleum exploration better now, than then? Things have definitely evolved thats for sure Evolution of GIS analysis in exploration Integration, visualisation, analysis, standards, assessment Then vs Now are we better now? Geoscientist vs IT Support Conclusions recycle
- 4. 4 GIS Integration Geoscience applications Petrel, OW/ SW, GeoFrame/ IESX, Kingdom, Finder, Recall etc. etc. CAD, GPS, Google Earth, SAP ArcGIS Server, ArcSDE, Silverlight, SharePoint, OpenSpirit Database integration/ data models Oracle, PetroBank, PPDM, SEGY, PODS, APDM, IHS, Tellus Workflow integration Regional geology, play assessment, data management, QA/ QC, asset management dashboards
- 5. 5 From the Geoscience Perspective Nature of modern petroleum geoscience Use of Arc technology as a multi-disciplinary collaboration and synthesis tool Examples of useful techniques Observations on the use of GIS technology in organizations
- 6. 6 Some Basic Concepts Exploration for oil and gas is a 4 dimensional problem X,Y,Z, and time At its core exploration geoscience is trying to understand the basic equation of: Known hydrocarbon occurrence = f(geologic variables) Petroleum geologists try to draw correlations between mapped geology and known hydrocarbon occurrences in order to extrapolate that understanding into finding new fields In industry terms, a temporal grouping of these variables is often referred to as a PLAY (e.g. Cretaceous Reef Talus Play) Individual mapped layers in a PLAY are referred to as PLAY ELEMENTS reservoir structure hydrocarbon charge (source, maturation, migration) Successful exploration in geoscience requires and understanding of these play elements in both their spatial and temporal dimensions
- 7. 7 Simple Timing Diagram of Play Elements 400 300 200 100 Geologic Time Scale Petroleum System Events Rock Units Source Rock Reservoir Rock Seal Rock Trap Formation Overburden Rock Gen/Migration/Accum Preservation Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic D M P P TR J K P N Elements Processes Simple Basic Concepts Critical Moment
- 8. 8 Simple Basic Concepts Single layer mapping of the subsurface play elements: Source rocks Reservoir rocks Multiple structural horizons Timing relationships between play elements: Reservoir deposition Structuring of subsurface Source rock maturation Hydrocarbon migration
- 9. 9 Structural Geology Stratigraphy - Sedimentology Geomorphology Reservoir Quality Geochemistry Basin History Modeling Hydrocarbon Migration Gravity - Magnetics - Remote Sensing Geophysics Reflection Refraction Tomography Paleogeography Plate Tectonics and Plate Reconstructions Assessment Operations Geology Petrophysics and Well Log Analysis Greatest Challenge of all: Integration and Synthesis Regional Geology: The Broadest of Geoscience Areas of Study
- 10. 10 GIS technology adopted into work process by geoscience professionals with a variety of backgrounds Integration - live on screen mapping - focused discussions Final Product - Fully integrated geological story Exploration/Production Gravity-Magnetics-Seismic 12 years Pontification Session Bernie South Exploration/Production Regional Geology-Assessment 19 years Geochemistry-Basin Modeler 3 years Exploration/Production Stratigraphy 20 years Exploration Regional Geology 2 years Exploration/Production Stratigraphy 18 years Sheet 10 Exxon Tectonic Map of the World 1985 Common Collaboration & Synthesis Environment
- 11. 11 Houston London Melbourne Stavanger Anchorage Lagos Jakarta Rio De Janeiro Geoscientists in various countries can expect data organized in a consistent and predictable manner Exploration is a Global Business Coverages Grids Images Text Area specific Company-wide -standard table structure 13 standard INFO table structures used for ALL company ARC-based geoscience data sets Standardization after Mazzo & Burroughs,2000
- 12. 12 Standardization The great thing about standards is there are so many to choose from.......... OGC ISO APDMPODS FGDC GIGS EPSG SDTS WITSML GML 19115 19106 The Enterprise Geodatabase * File based proprietary standards > XML > Enterprise Geodatabase Includes data supplied by IHS its affiliated and subsidiary companies and its data partners; Copyright (2010), all rights reserved.
- 13. 13 Geological Map Compilation - Company reports - Primary data - Published literature All data integrated within GIS environment Geo-registered images from reports & literature Plate Reconstruction map iteration using pre-rift reconstruction model Oldies but Goodies: Georectification
- 14. 14 Ground Truthing Heritage Datasets Enhance structural models & improve trap count & size Clear positional & interpretation error 1990s paper map of structural features (folds & thrusts) Map of structural features overlain on 30m Landsat Features reinterpreted according to Landsat Image Continually upgrade quality of databases with new imaging technologies
- 15. 15 All non-digital seismic data (.TIFF) collected from published literature, geo-referenced and input into virtual database Query using ArcView hot-link or Geodesk (EMEC proprietary software) Used to constrain structural style & trap definition/risking Provided supplement to wells database - variable positional accuracy Virtual Seismic Database
- 16. 16 ---------------- 100 Mi. BU_ID AGE MEAS_DPTH_ VDEPTH VDEPTHSS 1000256 OLIGOCENE 1506 1506 -636 1000256 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 3866 3866 -2996 1000256 MAASTRICHTIAN 7758 7758 -6888 1000256 PRE-CRETACEOUS 8066 8066 -7196 1000256 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 8165 8165 -7295 1000256 CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN 8066 8066 -7196 1000256 CRETACEOUS 7758 7758 -6888 1000256 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 2440 2440 -1570 1000257 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 15077 15077 -14746 1000257 CRETACEOUS 13601 13601 -13270 1000257 CAMPANIAN 14608 14608 -14277 1000257 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 4954 4954 -4623 1000257 MAASTRICHTIAN 13601 13601 -13270 1000257 EOCENE LATE STAGE 4639 4639 -4308 1000257 PALEOCENE 10676 10676 -10345 1000257 OLIGOCENE 2103 2103 -1772 1000258 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 2221 2221 -1617 1000258 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 7918 7918 -7314 1000258 MAASTRICHTIAN 7660 7660 -7056 1000258 EOCENE LATE STAGE 1980 1980 -1376 1000258 PALEOCENE 5753 5753 -5149 1000259 OLIGOCENE 2703 2703 -2629 1000259 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 7700 7700 -7626 1000259 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 6050 6050 -5976 1000259 EOCENE LATE STAGE 5565 5565 -5491 1000259 PALEOCENE 9625 9625 -9551 1000259 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 12230 12230 -12156 1000260 CRETACEOUS 7662 7662 -7138 1000260 MAASTRICHTIAN 7662 7662 -7138 1000260 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 3915 3915 -3391 1000260 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 7903 7903 -7379 1000260 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 2358 2358 -1834 1000260 CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN 7772 7772 -7248 1000260 OLIGOCENE 1455 1455 -931 1000260 EOCENE LATE STAGE 2080 2080 -1556 1000260 PRE-CRETACEOUS 7772 7772 -7248 1000260 PALEOCENE 5802 5802 -5278 1000261 TOTAL VERT DEPTH (DRIL) 7856 7856 -7323 1000261 PALEOCENE 5814 5814 -5281 1000261 MAASTRICHTIAN 7653 7653 -7120 Historic Tops File Filtered, Sorted, and Joined to coverage Making vendor and legacy data work for you Map Constructed from Reclassified Control Points Data Source : Lynx Information Systems Data manually reclassified 117 CRETACEOUS LOWER 26 CRETACEOUS UPPER 239 DEVONIAN 123 DEVONIAN LOWER 1 DEVONIAN MIDDLE 75 DEVONIAN UPPER 2 EOCENE 2458 EOCENE EARLY STAGE 1791 EOCENE LATE STAGE 1609 EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE 154 JURASSIC 7 JURASSIC LOWER 7 JURASSIC MIDDLE 50 JURASSIC UPPER 1 KIMMERIDGIAN 4 L CARBONIFEROUS 7 L CRETACEOUS 5 L DEVONIAN 1 L OLIGOCENE 1 L SILURIAN 107 LWR. OLIGOCENE 1 M SILURIAN 1 M TRIASSIC 1542 MAASTRICHTIAN 3 MESOZOIC UNDIFF 37 MIDDLE PERMIAN 24 MIOCENE 114 MISSISSIPPIAN 1316 OLIGOCENE CRETACEOUS LOWER CRET CRETACEOUS UPPER CRET DEVONIAN DEVO DEVONIAN LOWER DEVO DEVONIAN MIDDLE DEVO DEVONIAN UPPER DEVO EOCENE EOCENE EOCENE EARLY STAGE EOCENE EOCENE LATE STAGE EOCENE EOCENE MIDDLE STAGE EOCENE JURASSIC JURAS JURASSIC LOWER JURAS JURASSIC MIDDLE JURAS JURASSIC UPPER JURAS KIMMERIDGIAN JURAS L CARBONIFEROUS CARBO L CRETACEOUS CRET L DEVONIAN DEVO L OLIGOCENE OLIGO L SILURIAN SILUR LWR. OLIGOCENE OLIGO M SILURIAN SILUR M TRIASSIC TRIASS MAASTRICHTIAN CRET MESOZOIC UNDIFF MSZ MIDDLE PERMIAN PERM MIOCENE MIOCENE MISSISSIPPIAN CARBO OLIGOCENE OLIGO Data Reclassification Reclassified Tops Unique List of Tops
- 17. 17 Structure Grid Grid of Well Penetration Depth Well Depth (Points) to Grid Grid conditional & focal mean functions to extrapolate to 5 KM Area of Well Penetrations Within 5 KM Grid conditional function - create categorical grid Convert cat. grid to polygons Wells with TD Information Screening of Exploration Maturity Includes data supplied by IHS its affiliated and subsidiary companies and its data partners; Copyright (2003), all rights reserved.
- 18. 18 GIS Analysis Data Flow Reservoir Trap Charge Field Sizes Feature Density Features Chance Oil Inerts Play Element Risks Features to Test Hydrocarbon Type GPLAY Pre-Processing GPLAY Post-Processing GPLAY Hydrocarbon Density Maps Custom Processing Spatial Analysis Results Resource by country Resource by competitor Resource by water depth Resource by lease Resource by proximity Concession seriatims Spatial correlation Sensitivity Analysis Scenario Analysis Proximity Analysis Automated Data Flow Assessment
- 19. 19 Assessment Then Now Geoscientist IT Support AML Model Builder Python Perl sed & awk VBA ArcObjects Silverlight .NET VI C#
- 20. 20 Visualisation Discoveries to Date Discoveries in 1977Discoveries in 1945 Includes data supplied by IHS its affiliated and subsidiary companies and its data partners; Copyright (2010), all rights reserved.
- 21. 21 Analysis Scatter Plot Matrix: Dynamic exploration of spatial and analytical relationships Includes data supplied by IHS its affiliated and subsidiary companies and its data partners; Copyright (2010), all rights reserved.
- 22. 22 Input Data Sets Risk (derived from geologic maps) Expected Field Size Distribution of Remaining Resource Legend Oil Field Gas Field Prospect Dry Structure Features After: Hood et. A, 2000 Remaining Resource Mean = Net Risk * Number of Prospects * Avg. Field Size Assessment
- 23. 23 Composite Hydrocarbon Resource Density Map Assessment input data sets processed spatially and analyzed with proprietary statistical software Output of statistical software joined to input polygons Hydrocarbon resource summed from stacked multiple exploration target horizons Composite volume normalized by polygonal area to create hydrocarbon resource density map Seriatim of Concessions by Hydrocarbon Resource Concession Oil Gas Condensate A1051 375.0 3480 2.3 A953 120.5 983 1.9 A250 90.2 520 .8 A1620 61.1 101 .3 ~ ~ ~ ~ Overlay of Concession Polygons Relating Economics to Geology
- 24. 24 Then vs Now
- 25. 25 Things We Have Learned Grow some hybrid people People who can bridge the gap between GIS and geology Position GIS technology as part of important core work processes Engage (and enable) well respected technical leaders Demonstrate performance (easier, faster, better) Engage management in the process of collaboration Allow them to see the process and understand it Be sensitive to those trying to learn GIS Need to "save face" for these people to learn without feeling technologically out of touch Be realistic in your expectations for rate of change
- 26. 26 Things We Have Learned Dont oversell and under-produce - Enthusiasm is good, BUT - Uncontrolled exuberance often gets out of hand and works against you in the long run; marginalizing your views as those of a zealot or technocrat Dont underestimate the inertia of the organizational culture People are comfortable in their protected expertise niche and in many cases resist change Dont be a computing snob Computing literacy remains a secondary skill in most organizations Be aware that there will always be people who refuse to engage - Dont spend an inordinate amount of effort here... - Ultimately competitive pressure is much more effective than intellectual or philosophical arguments
- 27. 27 In Conclusion Like others, the geoscience community were practising spatial analytical techniques long before the emergence of GIS technology Colouring pencils, Mylar traces, light tables etc... GIS was almost immediately attractive to the more enlightened geoscientists ExxonMobil was client No. 26 on ESRIs books GIS the tools, the datasets, the user community, have come a long way since Definite advancements have been made but we may have also lost (compromised) some abilities along the way
- 28. 28 In Conclusion Geospatial analytical techniques now more accessible to a far wider audience Underlying spatial analysis theory, techniques and tools have not really changed that much over the last 30 years or more Delivery mechanism has improved analysis tools are certainly more accessible but they tend to be more black box more difficult for the average user to get in and get down and dirty with To deliver an effective GIS based analysis strategy requires the collaboration of a broad church The geoscientist, the GIS practitioner, the developer/ programmer, the data management professional, the IT infrastructure expert, the web developer..... Impossible to imagine practising petroleum exploration without GIS Challenge has moved from selling the value of the technology (that battle is largely won) to maintaining and growing the depth of understanding in the ever evolving tools & processes
- 29. 29 Thank You Any Questions ??? 1. Authors/employers may make an oral presentation of the same material provided proper acknowledgement of SPE copyright ownership is made. 2. Authors/employers may incorporate all or part of the paper in future writings or presentations. If the entire paper or a portion thereof is used in substantially unchanged form, proper acknowledgement of SPE copyright must be made. If the paper is substantially changed or altered in substance so that it is a new work of authorship, reference should be made to the SPE publication.