This document provides an overview of different types of computer memory, including RAM, ROM, and hybrid memory. It describes the characteristics of SRAM and DRAM, the most common types of RAM memory. DRAM is cheaper and slower than SRAM, and must be periodically refreshed. The document outlines the evolution of DDR RAM standards and their internal structures. ROM includes mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, and is read-only memory that can be programmed during manufacture or special modes. Hybrid memory such as flash memory has qualities of both RAM and ROM.
This document discusses different types of RAM used in computers. It describes RAM that is installed directly on the motherboard, including static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). It outlines the technologies used in DRAM modules like DIMMs, RIMMs, and SIMMs. The document discusses factors that affect RAM speed like latency, memory size, and technology. It provides guidance on upgrading RAM, including identifying compatible memory and properly installing new modules.
Sistem operasi adalah perangkat lunak yang mengontrol dan mengelola perangkat keras komputer serta menjalankan aplikasi perangkat lunak lain. Ia berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara hardware dan software, mengelola memori, menjadwalkan tugas, dan memfasilitasi interaksi antarmuka pengguna. Contoh sistem operasi populer adalah Windows, Linux, dan MacOS.
AMD technology powers 4 of the top 5 fastest supercomputers in the world. AMD was also the first to release a quad-core CPU over 6.5GHz and the fastest graphics card. More recently, AMD launched new processors and chipsets, improved graphics drivers, and partnered to bring 500,000 Android apps to PCs. AMD has advantages over competitors like larger L1 CPU caches, easier overclocking tools, power efficiency technologies, and upgradeability across motherboards.
TYPES OF MEMORIES AND STORAGE DEVICE AND COMPUTER Rajat More
油
Memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs and data in a computer. Main memory is divided into RAM and ROM. RAM is read-write memory that uses transistors and capacitors to store each bit. There are two types of RAM: static RAM which does not need refreshing but is expensive, and dynamic RAM which needs refreshing but has higher density. ROM is read-only and stores permanent instructions. There are also programmable ROMs like PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM that can be programmed and erased in different ways. Caches and secondary storage supplement main memory and improve performance. Common secondary storage devices include magnetic disks, tapes and optical discs.
RAM is a form of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; it is volatile, meaning stored data is lost when power is removed. RAM was invented in 1968 by Robert Heath at IBM to function as temporary memory for processing data from permanent storage like hard disks. There are different types of RAM technologies including SRAM which retains data through static memory cells and DRAM which uses capacitors and must be regularly refreshed. RAM capacities have increased significantly over time from megabytes to gigabytes currently produced by various manufacturers. RAM provides faster program loading than hard disks but has the disadvantage of being volatile and space-limited.
The document discusses parallel computing on the GPU. It outlines the goals of achieving high performance, energy efficiency, functionality, and scalability. It then covers the tentative schedule, which includes introductions to GPU computing, CUDA, threading and memory models, performance, and floating point considerations. It recommends textbooks and notes for further reading. It discusses key concepts like parallelism, latency vs throughput, bandwidth, and how GPUs were designed for throughput rather than latency like CPUs. Winning applications are said to use both CPUs and GPUs, with CPUs for sequential parts and GPUs for parallel parts.
Computer memory comes in a memory hierarchy from fastest and smallest to slower and larger. At the top are CPU registers for temporary storage, followed by cache memory for faster access. Main memory (RAM) is volatile storage inside the computer. Secondary storage devices like hard disks and optical disks provide non-volatile storage of large amounts of data. Memory and storage technologies use electrical charges, magnetic fields, or pits and lands on optical media to store binary data representing 0s and 1s.
A full ppt about computer memory.It will contain all data about computer memory like types of memory,ram and rom, types of ram and rom and cache memory.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and can be accessed in a non-sequential order. There are two main forms of RAM: SRAM and DRAM. SRAM is static and holds its data without needing to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in different speeds and sizes, with examples being DIMM, SO-DIMM, and DDR memory sticks. Computer memory has a big effect on system performance.
The document discusses different types of computer memory. It describes primary memory (RAM) which can be accessed directly by the CPU and secondary memory (hard drives, optical disks) which requires primary memory to access. Volatile memory like RAM loses data when powered off, while non-volatile memory like hard drives retain data without power. Common secondary storage devices include hard disk drives which use spinning magnetic platters, optical disks like CDs and DVDs which use lasers to read and write data in pits and lands, and magnetic floppy disks. The document also discusses error correction techniques used in hard drives to detect and fix errors and extend the drive's usable life.
Basic information about Computer memoryRamesh Pant
油
This document discusses the three main types of computer memory: cache memory, primary/main memory, and secondary memory. Cache memory acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory, holding frequently used data and programs for fast access by the CPU. Primary memory is the working memory that holds active data and instructions, while secondary memory provides permanent storage of data on disks, CDs, DVDs, and is slower than primary memory.
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of volatile memory that can be accessed randomly. There are two main types of RAM: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM). SRAM does not need to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is faster than SRAM but also more expensive. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in memory module forms like DIMMs, SO-DIMMs, and memory sticks.
Este documento discute os tipos de mem坦ria RAM, sua import但ncia e como escolher uma boa mem坦ria RAM. Explica que a mem坦ria RAM armazena temporariamente os arquivos em uso para permitir o r叩pido acesso, diferente do disco r鱈gido que armazena de forma permanente. Tamb辿m aborda como a mem坦ria RAM funciona com transistores e capacitores, e que quanto maior a mem坦ria RAM, melhor ser叩 o desempenho do computador ao executar v叩rios programas e jogos simultaneamente.
RAM is a type of volatile memory that is used for temporary storage. It allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. There are different types of RAM such as static RAM, dynamic RAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. RAM is part of a memory hierarchy that includes processor registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, and virtual memory. Future RAM technologies aim to provide memory that is smaller, faster, and cheaper than current memory chips.
Working of Volatile and Non-Volatile memoryDon Caeiro
油
Secondary storage devices such as hard disks, optical discs, and solid-state storage are used to permanently store programs and data on a computer system. Hard disks use rigid materials and can hold greater amounts of data than floppy disks. Optical discs such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are commonly used for multimedia and installing applications. Various file allocation methods such as linked lists are used to organize files on these secondary storage devices. Encoding schemes like RLL and ZBR are used to efficiently store data by increasing density. Networking protocols and models like TCP/IP and OSI provide communication standards between storage devices, computers, and across networks.
O documento discute a mem坦ria RAM, incluindo seu surgimento devido necessidade de aumentar a velocidade dos computadores, seus primeiros modelos como a mem坦ria de n炭cleo magn辿tico, e suas caracter鱈sticas atuais como principais fabricantes, pre巽os e modelos como DDR3 e DDR4. O futuro prev棚 novas tecnologias como mem坦rias magn辿ticas e uma poss鱈vel substituta baseada em FET.
This document is a presentation about memory and storage. It begins by defining memory as temporary storage used to run programs and defining storage as long-term storage like a hard drive. It then discusses the structure of storage and memory, including primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The main types of memory - RAM and ROM - are described. RAM is volatile and used for active programs, while ROM is non-volatile and holds startup programs. Various storage devices like optical discs, magnetic disks, and flash memory are also outlined.
The document discusses multiple processor organizations including:
- SISD (single instruction, single data stream) using a single processor.
- SIMD (single instruction, multiple data stream) using multiple processors executing the same instruction on different data simultaneously.
- MISD (multiple instruction, single data stream) transmitting data to multiple processors each executing different instructions.
- MIMD (multiple instruction, multiple data stream) using a set of processors executing different instruction sequences on different data sets like SMPs, clusters and NUMA systems.
Here is a slide on Random Access Memory, slide consists of detailed presentation on primary Memory,types and history of RAM. Hope you will Enjoy the slide.
This document discusses monolithic kernels. It defines a kernel as the core component of an operating system that controls processes, memory management, I/O devices, and acts as an interface between hardware and applications. A monolithic kernel runs all basic system services like process management and I/O communication within the kernel space. While monolithic kernels provide rich hardware access and fast execution, they are difficult to maintain and debug due to their large size and lack of modularity.
AMD technology powers 4 of the top 5 fastest supercomputers in the world. AMD was also the first to release a quad-core CPU over 6.5GHz and the fastest graphics card. More recently, AMD launched new processors and chipsets, improved graphics drivers, and partnered to bring 500,000 Android apps to PCs. AMD has advantages over competitors like larger L1 CPU caches, easier overclocking tools, power efficiency technologies, and upgradeability across motherboards.
TYPES OF MEMORIES AND STORAGE DEVICE AND COMPUTER Rajat More
油
Memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs and data in a computer. Main memory is divided into RAM and ROM. RAM is read-write memory that uses transistors and capacitors to store each bit. There are two types of RAM: static RAM which does not need refreshing but is expensive, and dynamic RAM which needs refreshing but has higher density. ROM is read-only and stores permanent instructions. There are also programmable ROMs like PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM that can be programmed and erased in different ways. Caches and secondary storage supplement main memory and improve performance. Common secondary storage devices include magnetic disks, tapes and optical discs.
RAM is a form of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; it is volatile, meaning stored data is lost when power is removed. RAM was invented in 1968 by Robert Heath at IBM to function as temporary memory for processing data from permanent storage like hard disks. There are different types of RAM technologies including SRAM which retains data through static memory cells and DRAM which uses capacitors and must be regularly refreshed. RAM capacities have increased significantly over time from megabytes to gigabytes currently produced by various manufacturers. RAM provides faster program loading than hard disks but has the disadvantage of being volatile and space-limited.
The document discusses parallel computing on the GPU. It outlines the goals of achieving high performance, energy efficiency, functionality, and scalability. It then covers the tentative schedule, which includes introductions to GPU computing, CUDA, threading and memory models, performance, and floating point considerations. It recommends textbooks and notes for further reading. It discusses key concepts like parallelism, latency vs throughput, bandwidth, and how GPUs were designed for throughput rather than latency like CPUs. Winning applications are said to use both CPUs and GPUs, with CPUs for sequential parts and GPUs for parallel parts.
Computer memory comes in a memory hierarchy from fastest and smallest to slower and larger. At the top are CPU registers for temporary storage, followed by cache memory for faster access. Main memory (RAM) is volatile storage inside the computer. Secondary storage devices like hard disks and optical disks provide non-volatile storage of large amounts of data. Memory and storage technologies use electrical charges, magnetic fields, or pits and lands on optical media to store binary data representing 0s and 1s.
A full ppt about computer memory.It will contain all data about computer memory like types of memory,ram and rom, types of ram and rom and cache memory.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and can be accessed in a non-sequential order. There are two main forms of RAM: SRAM and DRAM. SRAM is static and holds its data without needing to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in different speeds and sizes, with examples being DIMM, SO-DIMM, and DDR memory sticks. Computer memory has a big effect on system performance.
The document discusses different types of computer memory. It describes primary memory (RAM) which can be accessed directly by the CPU and secondary memory (hard drives, optical disks) which requires primary memory to access. Volatile memory like RAM loses data when powered off, while non-volatile memory like hard drives retain data without power. Common secondary storage devices include hard disk drives which use spinning magnetic platters, optical disks like CDs and DVDs which use lasers to read and write data in pits and lands, and magnetic floppy disks. The document also discusses error correction techniques used in hard drives to detect and fix errors and extend the drive's usable life.
Basic information about Computer memoryRamesh Pant
油
This document discusses the three main types of computer memory: cache memory, primary/main memory, and secondary memory. Cache memory acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory, holding frequently used data and programs for fast access by the CPU. Primary memory is the working memory that holds active data and instructions, while secondary memory provides permanent storage of data on disks, CDs, DVDs, and is slower than primary memory.
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of volatile memory that can be accessed randomly. There are two main types of RAM: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM). SRAM does not need to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is faster than SRAM but also more expensive. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in memory module forms like DIMMs, SO-DIMMs, and memory sticks.
Este documento discute os tipos de mem坦ria RAM, sua import但ncia e como escolher uma boa mem坦ria RAM. Explica que a mem坦ria RAM armazena temporariamente os arquivos em uso para permitir o r叩pido acesso, diferente do disco r鱈gido que armazena de forma permanente. Tamb辿m aborda como a mem坦ria RAM funciona com transistores e capacitores, e que quanto maior a mem坦ria RAM, melhor ser叩 o desempenho do computador ao executar v叩rios programas e jogos simultaneamente.
RAM is a type of volatile memory that is used for temporary storage. It allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. There are different types of RAM such as static RAM, dynamic RAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. RAM is part of a memory hierarchy that includes processor registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, and virtual memory. Future RAM technologies aim to provide memory that is smaller, faster, and cheaper than current memory chips.
Working of Volatile and Non-Volatile memoryDon Caeiro
油
Secondary storage devices such as hard disks, optical discs, and solid-state storage are used to permanently store programs and data on a computer system. Hard disks use rigid materials and can hold greater amounts of data than floppy disks. Optical discs such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are commonly used for multimedia and installing applications. Various file allocation methods such as linked lists are used to organize files on these secondary storage devices. Encoding schemes like RLL and ZBR are used to efficiently store data by increasing density. Networking protocols and models like TCP/IP and OSI provide communication standards between storage devices, computers, and across networks.
O documento discute a mem坦ria RAM, incluindo seu surgimento devido necessidade de aumentar a velocidade dos computadores, seus primeiros modelos como a mem坦ria de n炭cleo magn辿tico, e suas caracter鱈sticas atuais como principais fabricantes, pre巽os e modelos como DDR3 e DDR4. O futuro prev棚 novas tecnologias como mem坦rias magn辿ticas e uma poss鱈vel substituta baseada em FET.
This document is a presentation about memory and storage. It begins by defining memory as temporary storage used to run programs and defining storage as long-term storage like a hard drive. It then discusses the structure of storage and memory, including primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The main types of memory - RAM and ROM - are described. RAM is volatile and used for active programs, while ROM is non-volatile and holds startup programs. Various storage devices like optical discs, magnetic disks, and flash memory are also outlined.
The document discusses multiple processor organizations including:
- SISD (single instruction, single data stream) using a single processor.
- SIMD (single instruction, multiple data stream) using multiple processors executing the same instruction on different data simultaneously.
- MISD (multiple instruction, single data stream) transmitting data to multiple processors each executing different instructions.
- MIMD (multiple instruction, multiple data stream) using a set of processors executing different instruction sequences on different data sets like SMPs, clusters and NUMA systems.
Here is a slide on Random Access Memory, slide consists of detailed presentation on primary Memory,types and history of RAM. Hope you will Enjoy the slide.
This document discusses monolithic kernels. It defines a kernel as the core component of an operating system that controls processes, memory management, I/O devices, and acts as an interface between hardware and applications. A monolithic kernel runs all basic system services like process management and I/O communication within the kernel space. While monolithic kernels provide rich hardware access and fast execution, they are difficult to maintain and debug due to their large size and lack of modularity.
Maliyetten Belgelere 聴ngiltere Aile BirleimiGunerkan Web
油
Maliyetten Belgelere: 聴ngiltere Aile Birleimi Vizesi Tam 旦z端m Rehberi
聴ngiltere aile birleimi vizesi bavuru s端reci, hem maliyet hem de belgeler a巽脹s脹ndan dikkatli bir planlama gerektirir. Bu rehberde, s端reci baar脹yla tamamlaman脹z i巽in ihtiyac脹n脹z olan t端m bilgileri ad脹m ad脹m paylaaca脹m.
聴ngiltere Aile Birleimi Vizesi Nedir ve Kimler Bavurabilir?
聴ngiltere Aile Birleimi Vizesi (Spouse or Partner Visa), 聴ngilterede yaayan bir 聴ngiliz vatanda脹 veya s端resiz oturum izni bulunan kiinin, ei, nianl脹s脹 veya birlikte yaad脹脹 partnerinin 聴ngiltere'ye ta脹nmas脹n脹 salayan bir vize t端r端d端r.
Bavuru artlar脹
Bu vizeye bavurabilmek i巽in aa脹daki artlar脹 kar脹laman脹z gerekmektedir:
Einiz veya partneriniz 聴ngiltere'de yaayan bir 聴ngiliz vatanda脹, yerleik kii veya m端lteci stat端s端nde olmal脹d脹r.
Her iki taraf da 18 ya脹ndan b端y端k olmal脹d脹r.
Resmi evlilik, nianl脹l脹k veya en az iki y脹ll脹k birlikteliiniz olmal脹d脹r.
聴likinizin ger巽ek olduunu kan脹tlaman脹z gerekmektedir.
Einizin belirli bir mali yeterlilik art脹n脹 salamas脹 gerekmektedir.
Mali Gereksinimler: Gelir artlar脹 Nelerdir?
聴ngiltere 聴巽ileri Bakanl脹脹, aile birleimi vizesi i巽in sponsorun (einizin) y脹ll脹k en az 贈18,600 gelir sahibi olmas脹n脹 art komaktad脹r. Eer 巽ocuklar da bavuruya dahilse, gelir art脹 u ekilde artmaktad脹r:
聴lk 巽ocuk i巽in: Ekstra 贈3,800 gelir
Her ek 巽ocuk i巽in: Ekstra 贈2,400 gelir
Gelir art脹n脹 Kar脹laman脹n Yollar脹
Mali gereksinimleri u kaynaklarla kar脹layabilirsiniz:
Maal脹 bir ite 巽al脹arak
Serbest meslek kazanc脹 ile
Emeklilik geliriyle
En az 贈62,500 nakit birikime sahip olarak
Birden fazla gelir kayna脹n脹 kombine ederek
Bavuru S端reci ve Zaman izelgesi
聴ngiltere Aile Birleimi Vizesi bavuru s端reci aa脹daki aamalardan olumaktad脹r:
1. Belgelerin Haz脹rlanmas脹 (1-2 ay)
Evlilik c端zdan脹 veya partnerlik kan脹tlar脹 (fotoraflar, yaz脹malar, ortak finansal belgeler)
Mali belgeler (maa bordrolar脹, banka hesap d旦k端mleri, i s旦zlemesi)
2. 聴ngilizce Yeterlilik S脹nav脹 (1 ay)
IELTS Life Skills A1 seviyesinde 聴ngilizce yeterlilik belgesi al脹nmal脹d脹r.
3. Online Bavuru ve Randevu Alma (1 hafta)
Gov.uk web sitesi 端zerinden online bavuru formu doldurulmal脹d脹r.
4. Vize Merkezi Ziyareti (1 g端n)
Biyometrik veriler ve belgeler vize bavuru merkezine teslim edilir.
5. Karar Bekleme S端resi (2-12 hafta)
Standart bavurularda 12 haftaya kadar s端rebilir.
ncelikli servis ile 5 i g端n端 i巽inde sonu巽 almak m端mk端nd端r (ek 端cret kar脹l脹脹nda).
Maliyetler: 聴ngiltere Aile Birleimi Vizesi cretleri
Bu vize s端reci y端ksek maliyetli olabilir. Planl脹 bir b端t巽e yapmak 旦nemlidir. Ortalama maliyetler u ekildedir:
Vize bavuru 端creti: 贈1,523
Sal脹k harc脹 (IHS): 贈1,872 (2.5 y脹l i巽in)
聴ngilizce s脹nav 端creti: 贈150-贈200
Belge terc端me ve noter onay脹: 贈200-贈400
ncelikli servis 端creti: 贈573 (istee bal脹)
Toplamda yakla脹k 贈4,000 (160.000 TL) civar脹nda bir maliyetle kar脹laabilirsiniz.
Bavuru 聴巽in Kritik Noktalar
Bavurunuzun baar脹l脹 olmas脹 i巽i
3. RAM Bellek Nedir ?
Kelime anlam脹 ile incelemeye balayacak olursak RAM - Random
access memory yani Rastgele Eriilebilir Bellek油c端mlesinin
k脹salt脹lmas脹 ile oluan bir tan脹md脹r. Temel olarak bilgisayar, ekran
kart脹, bir巽ok mikroilemci mod端l端n端n i巽inde daimi olarak yer alan bir
par巽ad脹r. Asli g旦revi ise bilgisayar veya teknik birim 巽al脹脹rken
yap脹lacak ilemleri 端zerindeki haf脹za b旦l端mlerine al脹p kulland脹ran bir
elemand脹r.
Bellek kelimesinden de anla脹laca脹 gibi RAM
bir depolama ayg脹t脹d脹r fakat 巽al脹mas脹 ve bilgilerin depoland脹脹
ekilde mod端l 端zerinde kalmas脹 i巽in s端rekli olarak enerji gereksinimi
duyar. Bellee verilen enerji kesildii anda 端zerindeki t端m bilgiler
kaybolacakt脹r. Bu 旦zelliinden dolay脹 dier depolama ayg脹tlar脹 olan
(eeprom, flash..) gibi birimlere kar脹 巽ok daha 端st端n bir veri aktar脹m
h脹z脹na sahiptir.
3
4. Yandaki resimde 旦rnek bir bilgisayar
Ramini g旦rmektesiniz. DDR2 533 MHZ
lik bir aktar脹m h脹z脹na sahiptir. RAM
Memory ayg脹tlar脹ndaki Random
access kelimesinin anlam脹 kaydedilecek
bilgi her seferinde rastgele se巽ilen
adreslere yaz脹ld脹脹 i巽in bu ismi al脹r. Bu
ilem RAM belleklere inan脹lmaz bir h脹z
transferi kazand脹r脹r. Yukar脹da da
anlatt脹脹m脹z gibi bunun sonucunda
ilenmesi gereken bilgiler 旦ncelikle ram
端zerine transfer edilir ve buradan
ilemciye aktar脹larak veri transferi
s脹ras脹ndaki kay脹plar en aza indirgenir.
聴lemciye g旦nderilerek ilenen veriler
tekrar ram 端zerine aktar脹larak gerekli
yerlere g旦nderilecektir.
4
5. RAM BELLEKLER聴N YAPISI
Ram bellekleri mimari olarak incelediimiz zaman genellikle tek bir devre
端st端nde 巽ift tarafta da olmak 端zere 2 veya 2nin katlar脹 olacak ekilde
dizilmi bellek yongalar脹ndan olutuu g旦z端k端r. Bu yongalar脹n her biri belli
bir depolama kapasitesine sahiptir. Ayn脹 devre 端zerindeki bu
yongalar脹n toplam kapasitesi Ram bellein kapasitesini vermektedir.
rnein 端zerinde 32MBlik 8 adet chip-yonga bulunan bir Ram bellek
toplam kapasitesine bakacak olursak; 32X8 = 256MB kapasiteli bir ram
olduu anla脹lmaktad脹r.
5
6. RAM BELLEK E聴TLER聴
6
1-)DRAM : (Dinamik Ram)
Dram bilgisayar belleinin en genel
巽eididir. Dram chipleri kullanan bellek
mod端l端 genellikle bilgisayar脹n ana
belleinin 旦z端n端 oluturur.Sistem
,ilemciden veya ilemciye ta脹nan
ilenmi bilgileri verileri ve programlar脹
video karta veya dier cevre
birimlerine saklamak i巽in bu bellei
kullan脹r.Bu dinamik Ram olarak
adland脹r脹l脹r 巽端nk端, bellek h端crelerinde
verileri tutabilmek i巽in her saniye
y端zlerce defa yenilenmeli yada
yeniden enerji
verilmelidir.Yenilenmelidir 巽端nk端 bellek
h端creleri 巽evresinde elektrik y端k端
ta脹yan k端巽端k kapasit旦rler eklinde
dizayn edilmitir.Bu kapasit旦rler 巽ok
k端巽端k piller gibi 巽al脹脹r ve eer
enerjileri yenilenmezse derece derece
enerjilerini kaybederler.
7. 2-)SRAM: (Statik Ram)
Statik ram de veri depolamak i巽in sat脹r ve s端tunlardan
oluan bellek h端crelerini kullan脹r ancak Sram Dram den
be kez daha h脹zl脹 iki kat pahal脹 ve iki kez daha
b端y端kt端r.Sram de u巽ucudur.(veriyi saklamak i巽in g端巽
olmal脹d脹r.) ancak DRAM gibi devaml脹 yenilenmesi
gerekmez.Sram dizayn脹 elektriin bir y旦ne doru
akmas脹na izin veren yada iki transist旦rlerden aktif olan
birine bal脹 olarak ,inip 巽脹kan ak脹mlara benzeyen
pretzel kullan脹r.Bu bir y旦ne doru ak脹m
dizayn脹,DRAMin depolanm脹 y端k dizayn脹ndan daha
h脹zl脹d脹r, ancak daha 巽ok g端巽 t端ketir.Daha ucuz ve
k端巽端k boyutta olduundan bilgisayar ana belleinde
Dram kullan脹m脹 tercih edilirken Sram h脹z脹ndan dolay脹
旦ncelikle cache bellek i巽in kullan脹l脹r.
7
8. 3-)SDRAM Senkronize DRAM
聴鉛艶馨界庄鉛艶姻in h脹zlanmas脹 ile birlikte bu 庄鉛艶馨界庄鉛艶姻in maksimum seviyede ilem
g旦rebilmeleri i巽in y端ksek h脹zl脹 RAMlere ihtiya巽 duyulmutur. SDRAMle birlikte ilemci
ve RAM birbirine ayn脹 saat h脹z脹nda kilitlenirler. B旦ylece ilemci ve RAM ayn脹 saat
h脹z脹nda senkronize olarak 巽al脹maktad脹r. Bu nedenle de daha h脹zl脹 ve stabil
巽al脹malar脹 salanm脹t脹r.
4-)DDR RAM Double Data Rate
DDR RAM y端ksek bant genilii ve y端ksek performans sunan haf脹za sistemi
spesifikasyonudur. Eski haf脹za mimarilerinde, veri iki y旦nl端 saat vuruunun sadece bir
an脹nda veri aktar脹l脹yordu. DDR sisteminde, saat vuruunun iki yan脹nda da veri
aktar脹m脹 yap脹larak, PC133 haf脹za sisteminin h脹z脹 ikiye katlanarak 266MHza h脹za
ula脹l脹r. DDR teknolojisi, en 巽ok ilgi g旦ren 3D, Video ve Internet uygulamalar脹nda
y端ksek h脹z sunmak i巽in gerekli bant geniliini sunarak, performansta yeni
jenerasyon anlam脹na geliyor.
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9. 5-)DDR2 RAM
DDR2 (Double Data Rate), bir RAM t端r端d端r, bilgisayarlarda ana bellek olarak
kullan脹l脹r. H脹zlar脹 400mhz ile 1066 mhz aras脹 deiir. DDR2, DDR bellek teknolojisinin
bir ileri kua脹d脹r. DDR2 bellek teknolojisi, daha fazla h脹z, y端ksek bant genilikleri,
d端端k g端巽 t端ketimi ve iyiletirilmi 脹s脹 davran脹脹 旦zelliklerini beraberinde getirmektedir.
6-)DDR3 RAM
DDR3 SDRAM, bir bilgisayar脹n veya baka bir say脹sal elektronik aletin 巽al脹t脹脹
verileri y端ksek h脹zl脹 bi巽imde saklamas脹nda kullan脹lan bir RAM teknolojisidir.Salad脹脹
temel yarar, Giri/巽脹k脹 (I/O) yolunu i巽erdii bellek h端crelerinden 4 kat daha h脹zl脹
kullanabilmesi ve b旦ylece yol h脹z脹n脹 art脹rarak eski teknolojilerden birim zamanda daha
fazla i 端retmesidir. Yaln脹z bunu baarman脹n maliyeti, daha fazla gecikme s端residir.
DDR SDRAMlerin 2,5 V ve DDR2 SDRAMlerin 1,8 Vluk kaynak gerilimi
gereksinimlerine kar脹n DDR3 SDRAMler 1,5Vluk gerilim gereksinimleriyle
DDR2lerden %30 daha az g端巽 t端ketimi vaadiyle ortaya 巽脹kt脹lar
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11. 7-) SGRAM : (Senkronize Grafik Ram)
SDRAM ,EDO dan k脹sa bir sure sonra gelitirilmi bir bellek eklidir.Bu teknolojiyi ,
CPU yu kontrol eden bir sistem saati ile kendini senkronize eden daha k旦kten bir
yeniliktir.聴lemci ile ayn脹 zamanl脹 olmas脹 zamanlama gecikmelerini ortadan kald脹r脹r
ve bellek eriim ilemini cok daha verimli k脹lar.SDRAM kullanabilmesi i巽in bir
bilgisayar脹nbu bellegi destekleyecek sekilde dizayn edilmi olmas脹 gerekiru anda
端retilmekte olan bilgisayarlarda SDRAM teknolojisi standart olarak kullan脹lmaktad脹r.
.
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SDRAM VE DDR RAM ARASINDAK聴 FARK
13. RAM BELLEK ALIRKEN D聴KKAT ED聴LMES聴
GEREKENLER
. 1- Ram al脹rken 旦ncelikle anakart a uygun olmas脹 gerekir.(ddr,ddr2,ddr3)
Yoksa anakarta takamazs脹n脹z ve elinizde kal脹r.
2- Anakartlar farkl脹 h脹zlarda ram destekler. Alaca脹n脹z ram in h脹z脹 anakart脹n
destekledii h脹zda olduuna dikkat ediniz.(ram h脹z脹 ile anakart脹n destek-
ledii ram h脹z脹 farkl脹 ise, anakart sorun 巽脹karabilir).
3- Alaca脹n脹z ram in miktar脹 anakart脹n destekledii ram miktar脹ndan fazla
olmas脹n.
4- Ramlerin gecikme s端relerine dikkat edin. (CL3, CL4, CL5 vb.) CL miktar脹
artt脹 m脹 (gecikme s端resi) dolay脹s脹 ile tepki s端resi artar. Bu da sistemde
yavalamalar g旦sterir. Ram CL sinin d端端k olmas脹na dikkat edin. CL3, CL4
ten daha iyidir.
5- Bilinen-kaliteli marka bir ram almaya dikkat edin. zira ramler elektrikten
yani voltaj dalgalanmar脹ndan her an yanabilir.
6- Y端ksek h脹zl脹 ram lerden alacaksan脹z, 端zerinde soutucu olmas脹na dikkat
edin. 端nk端 y端ksek frekansta 巽al脹an ram ler 巽ok 脹sIn脹r.
7- Sisteminize ikinci bir ram alacaksan脹z, dier ram ile ayn脹 h脹zda olmas脹na
dikkat edin. Anakartlar farkl脹 h脹zlarda ramleri 巽al脹t脹r脹rken bazen sorun
巽脹karabiliyor
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