Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopLynn Connaway
油
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Marie L. Radford. 2016. "Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive Workshop." Presented at the Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) Conference, Zadar, Croatia, June 14.
Stakeholder participation training for the EU SOILCARE projectMark Reed
油
際際滷s presented in Newcastle (UK) and Bucharest (Romania) in July 2016 by Liz Oughton and Mark Reed (WP3, Newcastle University) with Steven Vella (Birmingham City University) and Heleen Claringbould (Corepage)
The article discusses station safety and recent efforts to improve it. It describes the formation of a dedicated station safety action group in response to rising safety risks at platforms. This led to the development of the Station Safety Improvement Programme. The article provides an overview of a workshop on station safety issues that was attended by representatives from various rail organizations. Key topics discussed included managing risks at the platform-train interface, reducing slip, trip, and fall accidents, and event management and crowd control. Initiatives to address these issues, such as new safety standards and risk assessment procedures, were also examined.
This document discusses tracking and measuring social media marketing campaigns. It provides an overview of objectives like reach, engagement, and conversions. Reach objectives aim to boost awareness and followers. Engagement objectives generate interactions with content. Conversion objectives drive traffic and leads. Both free and paid tools are outlined for metrics, monitoring, and influence tracking. Key steps include setting goals, planning measurable objectives, choosing platforms, monitoring, and optimizing.
La Capilla Sixtina es una capilla del Vaticano construida entre 1471-1484 y decorada posteriormente por Miguel ngel, conocida por sus famosos frescos como La creaci坦n de Ad叩n y El juicio final. Miguel ngel pint坦 la b坦veda y lunetos con escenas del G辿nesis y profetas, y la pared del altar con El juicio final, aunque este 炭ltimo caus坦 controversia por incluir desnudos que luego fueron censurados. La capilla contiene otras pinturas de maestros renacentistas en las paredes laterales.
Este documento es el cap鱈tulo 1 del libro "Historia de la sexualidad I: La voluntad de saber" de Michel Foucault. En este cap鱈tulo, Foucault argumenta que la idea de que la sexualidad ha sido reprimida en las sociedades modernas es demasiado simplista. Afirma que hablar de la represi坦n sexual tiene beneficios ret坦ricos pero tambi辿n plantea problemas y riesgos al ignorar la complejidad de las relaciones entre sexo y poder.
This document provides guidance on non-academic job searching. It discusses current job market trends of decreased opportunities but an increase in hiring by smaller employers and startups. Qualities in demand include communication skills and a strong work ethic. Effective strategies include researching opportunities, networking, conducting informational interviews, and using social media like LinkedIn to develop an online presence. The key is taking control of the search process through patience, open-mindedness, and following up on leads from a variety of sources.
Culture Eats Strategy for Breakfast - Dealing with Cultural Differences in Ka...LitheSpeed
油
This document summarizes a workshop on dealing with cultural differences in agile environments. The opening discussion defines culture and explains why it matters, providing several statistics about employee engagement. Common cultural challenges for agility are presented, such as different measurements of success between departments. Participants then selected a specific cultural challenge to discuss at their tables. They analyzed the current and ideal states and generated concrete strategies to transition from the current to the next target state, adding measures if time allowed. The document concludes with contact information for further information about the workshop.
This document discusses the purpose and process of conducting a communications audit. A communications audit involves systematically examining an organization's communications functions, processes, and stakeholders to evaluate its effectiveness and identify opportunities for improvement. It can help provide a baseline assessment of the current communications strategy, identify strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations to make communications more clear, consistent, and effective at reaching goals and key audiences. The communications audit process involves gathering information through tools like surveys, interviews, and analysis of past communications; evaluating stakeholders' perspectives; and analyzing data to report findings and proposed recommendations.
Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopOCLC
油
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Marie L. Radford. 2016. "Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive Workshop." Presented at the Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) Conference, Zadar, Croatia, June 14.
This unit focuses on planning an action research project within an organization. It discusses determining the research focus and specific factors to investigate, choosing appropriate research methods, identifying stakeholders, and developing a framework for data analysis. Key aspects of planning include determining the research purpose and questions, selecting quantitative and/or qualitative data collection methods, and considering ethics. Stakeholder analysis involves assessing stakeholders' interest and power. The goal is to develop a credible and useful project to address an issue and make recommendations for organizational change.
The document discusses how public libraries can conduct needs assessments of their communities to ensure library resources and services are aligned with community needs. It recommends assembling a working team, gathering existing data on demographics and community issues, conducting focus groups and interviews to understand needs, and distributing surveys to validate findings. Tools like ImpactSurvey.org and LibraryEdge can help libraries assess technology needs, measure outcomes, and advocate for support to deliver high-value services. Conducting regular needs assessments allows libraries to be responsive to their communities and achieve important outcomes through their resources and programs.
This document provides guidance for effectively recruiting volunteers from diverse communities. It emphasizes that recruitment should involve understanding the target communities, developing culturally competent outreach strategies, and partnering with existing organizations within those communities. The guidance also stresses adapting materials and the program design to be inclusive and addressing any demographic disparities. Effective recruitment requires taking a strengths-based, relationship-focused approach tailored for each community.
Henry is a 41-year-old software design engineer who has worked at the company for 12 years. He uses personas to help build the infrastructure for .NET products and integrate new communication capabilities into existing SQL Server models. Henry typically emails or calls colleagues when he needs specific information. He visits the company portal 4-5 times a week to search for internal information and products. Henry bookmarks frequently used pages on the portal to avoid navigating multiple levels. He would like personalized information and favorites on the portal to make it easier to find resources.
How to design surveys; describes differences between approaches to measuring awareness, opinions, perceptions, behaviors, needs and attitudes; describes roles of survey sponsor and researcher.
Tips and Tricks for Establishing a Patient Advisory GroupCHICommunications
油
Presented on Sept. 10, 2024.
Learn how to effectively establish and sustain a patient advisory. This session will guide you through the essential steps to set up your group, plan productive meetings, and maintain engagement throughout your project. Equip yourself with practical strategies to enhance patient and public involvement in your work.
Importance of social science research 17.09.2020Dr Rajesh Verma
油
Quantitative research based on measurement of quantity or amount
Applies to variables that can be measured
Asks questions such as what, how much etc.
Qualitative research applies to qualitative phenomena
Asks questions as why, seeks opinions, tries to find reasons for particular behaviour or event
Using Surveys to Improve Your Library: Part 1 (Sept. 2018)ALATechSource
油
This document provides an overview of using surveys to improve libraries. It discusses the assessment lifecycle of planning, implementing, analyzing, and reacting to assessment data. Key aspects of surveys covered include when they are best used, sampling populations, survey planning considerations like timing and incentives, and validating and piloting surveys. The goal is to provide libraries with best practices for conducting effective surveys to gather meaningful feedback and drive continuous improvement.
Communication Workshop: Transforming dataNicola Hodge
油
This document discusses how to transform data into information and evidence to inform health policy and programming. It emphasizes that data analysis and interpretation, as well as effective communication and dissemination, are key steps to knowledge brokering. Different types of evidence are needed for various users and purposes. Comparisons of data over time, between groups, and with benchmarks can help turn data into useful information. Communicating evidence in a timely, relevant, and easy to understand way is important to inform decision-making and improve health outcomes. Knowledge management strategies can help strengthen the flow of data and information between producers and end users.
Congratulations, you have an online community! Odds are, you also have an offline community. Are you using one to strengthen the other?
Most of the organizations I work with in my practice already have all the ingredients in place for a real, vibrant community that lives on and off line. Too often though, on- and offline are treated as separate worlds, with little effort made to bridge the gap. Communities thrive when there is varied and ongoing interaction. Merging physical and non-physical conversations, events, and activities is one of the strongest tactics for building community in the real world.
In this session, we'll talk about how communities form, the ingredients for engagement, the importance of culture, and tactics for bridging the gap.
Takeaways:
- An understanding of the different types and benefits of online and offline communities
- Tactics to kickstart their online and offline communities
- Ways to engage their communities both online and offline
This document discusses the importance and types of research for communications programs. It begins with an overview of research and its value in the planning and evaluation phases. There are two main types of research: primary research involving direct data collection, and secondary research using existing data. Qualitative research explores opinions through small samples, while quantitative research uses larger samples to generalize findings. Two case studies show how initial research provided benchmarks, communications strategies were implemented, and follow-up research measured increased satisfaction and understanding of audiences. The document promotes using research to direct efforts, build strong foundations, and measure results of communications programs.
Using Surveys to Improve Your Library - Part 1ALATechSource
油
This document summarizes a presentation about using surveys to improve libraries. It discusses:
1. The assessment lifecycle of planning, implementing, analyzing, reacting and refining based on survey results. Surveys are best used to understand attitudes, beliefs and experiences.
2. When surveys should be used, including their pros and cons. Surveys work well to gather information from many people but cannot probe deeper. Triangulation of methods is often needed.
3. How to plan surveys, including defining populations, using random or convenience sampling, getting permissions, timing and incentives. Web surveys are convenient but risk self-selection bias. Piloting is important to validate the survey.
This document provides guidance on planning a research project. It discusses defining clear objectives, determining whether qualitative or quantitative research is needed, choosing appropriate methodologies, and ensuring research is effective. Key points include being clear on what the research aims to achieve and how findings will impact services, checking for existing relevant data, and deciding if new research is warranted given available resources and proportionality to the service.
Here are my slides for my session for the International Institute of Business Analysis (May 23, 2012). I focus on best practices of survey design, highlighting qualitative data.
際際滷s presented in Newcastle (UK) and Bucharest (Romania) in July 2016 by Liz Oughton and Mark Reed (WP3, Newcastle University) with Steven Vella (Birmingham City University) and Heleen Claringbould (Corepage)
The document discusses various topics related to nonprofit messaging and fundraising including:
- Four primary sources of nonprofit fundraising according to Giving USA data
- Different generations have different values and communication preferences that should be considered when targeting audiences
- The importance of defining an organization's brand story and ensuring stakeholders share an understanding of it
- How people primarily learn about their local community
- Growth trends in social media platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn that nonprofits can utilize for outreach
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This document provides guidance on non-academic job searching. It discusses current job market trends of decreased opportunities but an increase in hiring by smaller employers and startups. Qualities in demand include communication skills and a strong work ethic. Effective strategies include researching opportunities, networking, conducting informational interviews, and using social media like LinkedIn to develop an online presence. The key is taking control of the search process through patience, open-mindedness, and following up on leads from a variety of sources.
Culture Eats Strategy for Breakfast - Dealing with Cultural Differences in Ka...LitheSpeed
油
This document summarizes a workshop on dealing with cultural differences in agile environments. The opening discussion defines culture and explains why it matters, providing several statistics about employee engagement. Common cultural challenges for agility are presented, such as different measurements of success between departments. Participants then selected a specific cultural challenge to discuss at their tables. They analyzed the current and ideal states and generated concrete strategies to transition from the current to the next target state, adding measures if time allowed. The document concludes with contact information for further information about the workshop.
This document discusses the purpose and process of conducting a communications audit. A communications audit involves systematically examining an organization's communications functions, processes, and stakeholders to evaluate its effectiveness and identify opportunities for improvement. It can help provide a baseline assessment of the current communications strategy, identify strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations to make communications more clear, consistent, and effective at reaching goals and key audiences. The communications audit process involves gathering information through tools like surveys, interviews, and analysis of past communications; evaluating stakeholders' perspectives; and analyzing data to report findings and proposed recommendations.
Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive WorkshopOCLC
油
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Marie L. Radford. 2016. "Using Qualitative Methods for Library Evaluation: An Interactive Workshop." Presented at the Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) Conference, Zadar, Croatia, June 14.
This unit focuses on planning an action research project within an organization. It discusses determining the research focus and specific factors to investigate, choosing appropriate research methods, identifying stakeholders, and developing a framework for data analysis. Key aspects of planning include determining the research purpose and questions, selecting quantitative and/or qualitative data collection methods, and considering ethics. Stakeholder analysis involves assessing stakeholders' interest and power. The goal is to develop a credible and useful project to address an issue and make recommendations for organizational change.
The document discusses how public libraries can conduct needs assessments of their communities to ensure library resources and services are aligned with community needs. It recommends assembling a working team, gathering existing data on demographics and community issues, conducting focus groups and interviews to understand needs, and distributing surveys to validate findings. Tools like ImpactSurvey.org and LibraryEdge can help libraries assess technology needs, measure outcomes, and advocate for support to deliver high-value services. Conducting regular needs assessments allows libraries to be responsive to their communities and achieve important outcomes through their resources and programs.
This document provides guidance for effectively recruiting volunteers from diverse communities. It emphasizes that recruitment should involve understanding the target communities, developing culturally competent outreach strategies, and partnering with existing organizations within those communities. The guidance also stresses adapting materials and the program design to be inclusive and addressing any demographic disparities. Effective recruitment requires taking a strengths-based, relationship-focused approach tailored for each community.
Henry is a 41-year-old software design engineer who has worked at the company for 12 years. He uses personas to help build the infrastructure for .NET products and integrate new communication capabilities into existing SQL Server models. Henry typically emails or calls colleagues when he needs specific information. He visits the company portal 4-5 times a week to search for internal information and products. Henry bookmarks frequently used pages on the portal to avoid navigating multiple levels. He would like personalized information and favorites on the portal to make it easier to find resources.
How to design surveys; describes differences between approaches to measuring awareness, opinions, perceptions, behaviors, needs and attitudes; describes roles of survey sponsor and researcher.
Tips and Tricks for Establishing a Patient Advisory GroupCHICommunications
油
Presented on Sept. 10, 2024.
Learn how to effectively establish and sustain a patient advisory. This session will guide you through the essential steps to set up your group, plan productive meetings, and maintain engagement throughout your project. Equip yourself with practical strategies to enhance patient and public involvement in your work.
Importance of social science research 17.09.2020Dr Rajesh Verma
油
Quantitative research based on measurement of quantity or amount
Applies to variables that can be measured
Asks questions such as what, how much etc.
Qualitative research applies to qualitative phenomena
Asks questions as why, seeks opinions, tries to find reasons for particular behaviour or event
Using Surveys to Improve Your Library: Part 1 (Sept. 2018)ALATechSource
油
This document provides an overview of using surveys to improve libraries. It discusses the assessment lifecycle of planning, implementing, analyzing, and reacting to assessment data. Key aspects of surveys covered include when they are best used, sampling populations, survey planning considerations like timing and incentives, and validating and piloting surveys. The goal is to provide libraries with best practices for conducting effective surveys to gather meaningful feedback and drive continuous improvement.
Communication Workshop: Transforming dataNicola Hodge
油
This document discusses how to transform data into information and evidence to inform health policy and programming. It emphasizes that data analysis and interpretation, as well as effective communication and dissemination, are key steps to knowledge brokering. Different types of evidence are needed for various users and purposes. Comparisons of data over time, between groups, and with benchmarks can help turn data into useful information. Communicating evidence in a timely, relevant, and easy to understand way is important to inform decision-making and improve health outcomes. Knowledge management strategies can help strengthen the flow of data and information between producers and end users.
Congratulations, you have an online community! Odds are, you also have an offline community. Are you using one to strengthen the other?
Most of the organizations I work with in my practice already have all the ingredients in place for a real, vibrant community that lives on and off line. Too often though, on- and offline are treated as separate worlds, with little effort made to bridge the gap. Communities thrive when there is varied and ongoing interaction. Merging physical and non-physical conversations, events, and activities is one of the strongest tactics for building community in the real world.
In this session, we'll talk about how communities form, the ingredients for engagement, the importance of culture, and tactics for bridging the gap.
Takeaways:
- An understanding of the different types and benefits of online and offline communities
- Tactics to kickstart their online and offline communities
- Ways to engage their communities both online and offline
This document discusses the importance and types of research for communications programs. It begins with an overview of research and its value in the planning and evaluation phases. There are two main types of research: primary research involving direct data collection, and secondary research using existing data. Qualitative research explores opinions through small samples, while quantitative research uses larger samples to generalize findings. Two case studies show how initial research provided benchmarks, communications strategies were implemented, and follow-up research measured increased satisfaction and understanding of audiences. The document promotes using research to direct efforts, build strong foundations, and measure results of communications programs.
Using Surveys to Improve Your Library - Part 1ALATechSource
油
This document summarizes a presentation about using surveys to improve libraries. It discusses:
1. The assessment lifecycle of planning, implementing, analyzing, reacting and refining based on survey results. Surveys are best used to understand attitudes, beliefs and experiences.
2. When surveys should be used, including their pros and cons. Surveys work well to gather information from many people but cannot probe deeper. Triangulation of methods is often needed.
3. How to plan surveys, including defining populations, using random or convenience sampling, getting permissions, timing and incentives. Web surveys are convenient but risk self-selection bias. Piloting is important to validate the survey.
This document provides guidance on planning a research project. It discusses defining clear objectives, determining whether qualitative or quantitative research is needed, choosing appropriate methodologies, and ensuring research is effective. Key points include being clear on what the research aims to achieve and how findings will impact services, checking for existing relevant data, and deciding if new research is warranted given available resources and proportionality to the service.
Here are my slides for my session for the International Institute of Business Analysis (May 23, 2012). I focus on best practices of survey design, highlighting qualitative data.
際際滷s presented in Newcastle (UK) and Bucharest (Romania) in July 2016 by Liz Oughton and Mark Reed (WP3, Newcastle University) with Steven Vella (Birmingham City University) and Heleen Claringbould (Corepage)
The document discusses various topics related to nonprofit messaging and fundraising including:
- Four primary sources of nonprofit fundraising according to Giving USA data
- Different generations have different values and communication preferences that should be considered when targeting audiences
- The importance of defining an organization's brand story and ensuring stakeholders share an understanding of it
- How people primarily learn about their local community
- Growth trends in social media platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn that nonprofits can utilize for outreach
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2. Changing patient demographics and how different generations have different values and needs.
3. The impact of technology on practices and how to manage an online reputation.
4. Ways to improve job satisfaction for staff to increase efficiency, productivity and patient satisfaction.
5. How various operational changes can impact a practice's bottom line through metrics like patients gained or lost and additional staff.
The document provides tips for having a good doctor's appointment by being well-prepared and an active participant in one's healthcare. It suggests choosing a doctor wisely by asking others and considering their training and approach. It also advises being prepared by making a list of questions, symptoms, and medications; asking questions and taking notes during appointments; and being an active partner by tracking health over time.
The document discusses several topics related to recruiting and retaining employees, including realistic job previews, social networking, and using various web 2.0 technologies. It notes that realistic job previews can reduce turnover by providing a realistic picture of the job. Research shows they can reduce turnover by 10%. The document also discusses using social networks and web 2.0 tools like blogs, instant messaging and texting both at home and at work, finding that non-millennials use some work-related web 2.0 tools more at work than at home. It suggests allowing virtual experiences and using various communication functions like messaging, blogging and social networks to engage candidates.
5. We Can Generalize
Generation Y (18-28) I want to make a differencetech entitled
Generation X (29-40) I want to strike a balanceflexibility matters
Trailing Boomers (41-50) I dont trust institutionsit may get worse
Leading Boomers (51-59) I respect experiencenot authority
Matures (60-69) I respect authoritymoney is recognition
6. Knowing the Who
Volunteers Media
Potential Donors
Partners
Donors
Board Members
Clients
Potential Clients
Staff
Legislators
8. What Should You Know?
Volunteer Work History of Giving
Age
Values
Gender
Educational Level
Address Interests
Use of Technology
Email
Occupation
Activities Household Income
9. Research Process
Profiles
Donors
Volunteers
Partners
Clients
Others
10. How Do You Find It?
Secondary research
Census
American Community Survey
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Pew Research
Other non-profit associations related to your area of
service or population, e.g., The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Kids Count data center, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Primary research
11. Types of Primary Research
Quantitative Qualitative
Surveys Interviews
Assessments/Evaluations Focus Groups
Historical Documents Historical Documents
12. Surveys
Types of Surveys
Telephone
Mail
Online
Cautions!
Ability to connect
Extent of engagement
Length of questionnaire
Quality of questionnaire
13. Common Survey
Question Mistakes
BAD BETTER
Double-barreled question Focus on one issue
How often do you prefer email How often do you prefer email
and/or mail communications communications from us?
from us? Give time frames that make sense.
Inability to recall How many times in the past 30
How many times in the past year days have you visited a medical
have you visited a medical professional?
professional? Dont ask for sensitive information.
Requesting sensitive information If you or someone you know
Have you or someone close to would like to confidentially share
you ever required social services their experience with social service
before? providers, please let us know.
14. Qualitative Research
Why did you decide to volunteer
with our organization?
How do you decide which charitable
organizations you will financially
support?
What was your experience like
when you called our office for
services?
16. Collaborative Interpretation
1. Preview draft of findings with task
force/project team.
2. Present/discuss with Leadership/Board
3. Resolve any questions
4. Share with internal stakeholders
5. Share externally
19. Communicating About Research
Invitation
From your organizations leadership
Providing the rationale
Assuring confidentiality/introducing the researcher
Asking for the action
A Reminder
From the researcher
Offering overview of results (after shared internally)
20. Communicating About Research
Results
Reporting to the committee/director
Reporting to the Board
Reporting to Staff
Sharing with Key Donors, Volunteers, Etc.
22. Staying on Course
Scorecard for Board Reporting
Communication Target Last Month Today
Clean up e-mail lists 20 days Identified On target to
resources and lists complete
xx/xx/xx
Conduct Research to 30 days Research partner Survey launch
determine current selected scheduled for
perceptions xx/xx/xx
Refresh Brand 120 days Pending research No progress to
data report
#9: What should you know depends on your particular question and need for information. For example, for giving, income (higher income, increased capital gains), educational level (post-grad = higher giving), age (U shaped; lower for baby boomers), volunteer work, significantly affect charitable giving. For recruiting volunteers, here are some results: women were more likely to volunteer than men, married than other marital statuses, more educated, ages 35-54. For developing partnerships, understanding values and interests and maybe occupation would be helpful.
#10: General research: trends and stats related to the economy, demographics (immigration trends), technology, social --kids count data center reported that the % of children living in poverty in Indiana increased from 17.1% in 2007 to 22.6% in 2011 Nonprofit research: research in the nonprofit sector (giving and volunteering trends) and in your specific area -report from National & Community Service reported that longer commuting time to work limit volunteer opportunities; strong relationship in metro areas between homeownership rates and volunteering -an update from Harvard Family Research Project reported that high-performing after-school programs typically offered a broad array of activities, opportunities for skill building and mastery; intentional relationship building; a strong experienced leader supported by staff, and support of sponsoring organization. Your research: research on your particular audiences -who are you serving? And how well are you serving them? -who is connecting to and engaging with your organization in terms of donors, volunteers, and partners? -is the community aware of your existence and services? Do they understand what you do? Result = very detailed profiles of ideal audiences set within a larger context of national/international & nonprofit trends
#11: Coffee example to explain secondary vs. primary research Census: demographic data plus computer/internet use, commuting, health insurance, and well-being American Community Survey: subset of the Census data updated every year vs. every 10 years BLS: Info on things such as on what consumers are spending their money and how they spend their time from eldercare to household activities. Pew Research example: This report on those who gave to the Text for Haiti campaign is based on telephone surveys with 863 individuals who contributed money to the Haiti earthquake efforts using the text messaging feature on their cell phones. One main result: The ability to send small donations using mobile phones facilitates impulse giving in response to moving images or events for a sample who was tech advanced Jane to give her own personal example. Just posted a blog on website about social media demographics for those of you who want to know the best social media tools to use. Kids Count: hundreds of measures of child well-being RWJF: health and health care in the U.S. Checklist exercise
#12: Coffee example to explain difference between quant & qual
#13: Cautions: Survey method needs to match the audience: do they have access to internet? Do they have a landline? Example of Hispanic population: need to survey both landlines & cell phone to get representative coverage. Need to have way to contact: email, mailing address, phone #s More likely to answer survey if they have a relationship with you or are interested in what you are asking about: might want to start with those you have a longer relationship with first, also look at how you frame your request for information Gather only the information you need to know to keep questionnaire short Well-written questionnaires with a clear stated purpose will increase response rate Online survey tools: SurveyMonkey, SurveyGizmo, GoogleForms Sampling: Asking everyone (census) or taking a sample: depends on what you are asking
#15: The qualitative method investigates the油 why 油and油 how 油of油decision making, not just油 what ,油 where ,油 when . Smaller but focused油samples油are more often needed than large samples. Can be used alone, before and/or after quantitative research
#16: Coffee example to explain difference between quant & qual