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solutions lecture notes for undergraduate .pptx
- 2. SOLUTION: Definition: Solution is a homogenous mixture composed of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously upto what is called limit of solubility. A dilute solution is the one that has only a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent. A concentrated solution is the one that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount that could dissolve.
- 3. • SOLVENT: Substances which are present in large quantity in a solution is called solvent. • SOLUTE: Substances which are present in small quantity in a solution. • CONCENTRATION: For a given solution the amount of solute dissolved in a unit volume of solvent. • EXAMPLE: 10% aqueous solution of common salt contain 10 g of NaCl per 100g of solution i.e 10 g of NaCl dissolved in 90 g of water.
- 4. DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS: •Molar Solution •Normal Solution •Normal Saline •Percentage Solution
- 6. •500 mL of a 0.1M solution of NaOH is needed for a procedure. Calculate the amount of solute (NaOH) needed to prepare the solution. (atomic weights: Na = 22.99; O = 16; H = 1) •X g = 0.1M x 500 mL x GMW 39.99 •X = 0.1 x 0.5 x 39.99 X = 1.9995 or 2 •2.0 g of NaOH must be diluted to 500 mL to prepare a 0.1M solution.
- 9. NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION: •Saline solution is a mixture of NaCl in water. •Normal saline solution contains 0.9% sodium chloride (salt), which is similar to the sodium concentration in blood and tears. •Saline solution is usually called normal saline, but it’s sometimes referred to as physiological or isotonic saline.
- 10. USES OF NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION: •Saline has many uses in medicine. 1.Applied to the effected area to clean the wound 2.Help remove contact lenses 3.Help with the dry eyes 4.By injection into vein it is used to treat dehydration 5.It is used to dilute other medications to be given by injection
- 11. PERCENT SOLUTION: •The percent amount of solute dissolved in a amount of solution is called concentration. •Following are the types of percentage solutions. 1.Mass W/W percent solution 2.Volume V/V percent solution 3.Mass-volume W/V percent solution
- 12. PERCENTAGE W/V: • It is the weight of solute dissolved per 100 parts by volume of solution. • % w/v = g of solute/100 mL of solution • What is the % w/v of a solution that has 7.5 g of sodium chloride diluted to 100 mL with water? • You can calculate this value as well: • X % = 7.5 g NaCl/100 mL of solution • X/100 = 7.5/100 • Cross multiplying,
- 13. PERCENTAGE V/V: • It is the volume of solute dissolved per 100 parts by volume of solution. • % v/v = mL of solute/100 mL of solution • What is the % v/v of a solution that has 5.0 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl) diluted to 100 mL with deionized water? • X % = 5.0 mL HCl/100 mL of solution • X/100 = 5.0/100 • Cross multiplying, • 100X = 500 X = 5.0% % v/v
- 14. •THANK YOU