This document provides an outline for a lesson on expository essays. It discusses elements of research questions like topic and focus. It identifies eight types of focus including cause, effect, and comparison. The document instructs how to create a rough outline and thesis statement. An effective thesis statement states the topic and focus, previews supporting points, and provides the correct amount of information in a grammatically correct style.
The document discusses Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. It notes that the novel is considered Austen's best work and is widely popular due to its use of wit, humor, and irony. These elements are seen in the dialogue exchanges between characters like Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy as well as Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. The document also analyzes Austen's employment of verbal and situational irony throughout the story.
This document provides information about Petrarchan sonnets and analyzes Sonnet 31 by Sir Philip Sidney. It discusses the typical rhyme scheme and structure of Petrarchan sonnets, including the octave and sestet sections separated by a volta. For Sonnet 31, it notes the abbaabbacdcdee rhyme scheme and that the sonnet is addressed to the moon, with the poet discussing his own lovesickness that he sees reflected in the pale moon as he expresses sad and frustrated feelings about his unattainable love.
This document provides an overview of a workshop presentation about using adapted novels to help students discover literary works. The presentation focuses on using Jane Austen's novel "Emma" to improve students' reading abilities while also developing their other skills. A variety of activities are described that involve listening to an audiobook of "Emma", discussing characters, doing roleplays of dialogues, and making predictions about plot points to engage students and increase their enjoyment of discovering literary texts.
The poem calls out to John Milton and wishes he was alive today to help England. The speaker sees the country as stagnant and lacking the traditions that once brought inner happiness. He worries the English people have become selfish and calls on Milton to inspire a return to manners, virtue and power. The poem praises Milton's divine and majestic writing and character, comparing his poetic voice to the sea and emphasizing his humble nature despite his talents.
The document discusses various topics related to translating metaphors including:
1. Defining metaphors and differentiating them from similes.
2. Identifying the components of metaphors and terms like denotation and connotation.
3. Describing different types of metaphors like dead metaphors and original metaphors.
4. Outlining Peter Newmark's seven procedures for translating metaphors from the source language to the target language, ranked in order of preference.
5. Explaining challenges in translating metaphors, neologisms, and cultural concepts.
This poem describes an elderly woman looking back on her life and lost loves. It is written in iambic pentameter with an ABBA rhyme scheme. The speaker asks the elderly woman, when she is old and asleep by the fire, to take down this book and slowly read about how her eyes once had a "soft look" and how many loved her beauty, but one man loved her soul. As she reads by the glowing fire, she is told to murmur sadly about how love fled and hid among the stars on the mountains.
The psychological novel reflects a deeper exploration of human inward experience. This genre focuses on inner thoughts and consciousness rather than external actions. Key characteristics include loose plots, jumping between past and present thoughts, and describing the internal workings of characters' minds. Writers like Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and Henry James employed techniques like stream of consciousness to bring readers deeper into characters' rich inner worlds.
The General Prologue introduces the characters that will be telling stories on a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. There are 29 pilgrims from various social classes, including knights, guildsmen, clergy, and women. Each pilgrim is described, showing their personality and social standing. They will take turns telling stories on the journey to and from Canterbury. The Knight is the first pilgrim introduced, a respected warrior who has experience in religious wars. He will tell the first tale, about two knights who fall for the same woman.
- Sonnet 18 praises the youth, beauty, and positive qualities of a young man.
- It contrasts the imperfections of a summer's day with the subject's perpetual beauty and mild nature.
- The poem claims the young man's beauty will never fade with age or chance, and his memory will live on eternally through the poem.
This document provides a historical survey of literary criticism from the Greeks to Sir Philip Sidney. It discusses the key contributions of major critics like Plato, Aristotle, Horace, Longinus, Dante, and Sidney. Plato emphasized morality and questioned poets. Aristotle focused on objective structure. Horace discussed essence and delight. Longinus used single elements to judge works. Dante validated vernacular language. Sidney advocated an eclectic approach and saw poetry as mirroring life.
Ted Hughes was obsessed with pike fishing as a teenager. His 1959 poem "Pike" describes pike in three sections - their habitat, keeping three pike in an aquarium where two are eaten, and recalling a deep pond with immense, ancient pike. The poem evokes the pike's predatory power and the poet's own sense of a sinister presence rising from the pond's legendary depths.
This document discusses how to write a coherent paragraph. It begins by explaining the key parts of a paragraph: the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The topic sentence introduces the main idea, while supporting sentences provide details and examples. The concluding sentence summarizes the paragraph. The document then provides examples of topic sentences, supporting sentences, and discusses how to identify each. It emphasizes the importance of coherence and provides techniques to improve coherence like using transitional expressions, pronouns, repetition, and parallel structure.
The Use of Symbolism and Imagery in Modernist PoetryFelicia Oviedo
Ìý
This document discusses the use of symbolism and imagery in poetry. It defines symbolism as using ideas or images that suggest deeper meanings beyond their literal sense. Common symbols include water representing rebirth and seasons symbolizing growth and death. Imagery uses language that appeals to the senses, using details that create visual pictures and associations for the reader. Both symbolism and imagery allow poets to establish atmosphere and involve readers by opening their minds to new perceptions.
This poem describes an elderly woman looking back on her life and lost loves. It is written in iambic pentameter with an ABBA rhyme scheme. The speaker asks the elderly woman, when she is old and asleep by the fire, to take down this book and slowly read about how her eyes once had a "soft look" and how many loved her beauty, but one man loved her soul. As she reads by the glowing fire, she is told to murmur sadly about how love fled and hid among the stars on the mountains.
The psychological novel reflects a deeper exploration of human inward experience. This genre focuses on inner thoughts and consciousness rather than external actions. Key characteristics include loose plots, jumping between past and present thoughts, and describing the internal workings of characters' minds. Writers like Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and Henry James employed techniques like stream of consciousness to bring readers deeper into characters' rich inner worlds.
The General Prologue introduces the characters that will be telling stories on a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. There are 29 pilgrims from various social classes, including knights, guildsmen, clergy, and women. Each pilgrim is described, showing their personality and social standing. They will take turns telling stories on the journey to and from Canterbury. The Knight is the first pilgrim introduced, a respected warrior who has experience in religious wars. He will tell the first tale, about two knights who fall for the same woman.
- Sonnet 18 praises the youth, beauty, and positive qualities of a young man.
- It contrasts the imperfections of a summer's day with the subject's perpetual beauty and mild nature.
- The poem claims the young man's beauty will never fade with age or chance, and his memory will live on eternally through the poem.
This document provides a historical survey of literary criticism from the Greeks to Sir Philip Sidney. It discusses the key contributions of major critics like Plato, Aristotle, Horace, Longinus, Dante, and Sidney. Plato emphasized morality and questioned poets. Aristotle focused on objective structure. Horace discussed essence and delight. Longinus used single elements to judge works. Dante validated vernacular language. Sidney advocated an eclectic approach and saw poetry as mirroring life.
Ted Hughes was obsessed with pike fishing as a teenager. His 1959 poem "Pike" describes pike in three sections - their habitat, keeping three pike in an aquarium where two are eaten, and recalling a deep pond with immense, ancient pike. The poem evokes the pike's predatory power and the poet's own sense of a sinister presence rising from the pond's legendary depths.
This document discusses how to write a coherent paragraph. It begins by explaining the key parts of a paragraph: the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The topic sentence introduces the main idea, while supporting sentences provide details and examples. The concluding sentence summarizes the paragraph. The document then provides examples of topic sentences, supporting sentences, and discusses how to identify each. It emphasizes the importance of coherence and provides techniques to improve coherence like using transitional expressions, pronouns, repetition, and parallel structure.
The Use of Symbolism and Imagery in Modernist PoetryFelicia Oviedo
Ìý
This document discusses the use of symbolism and imagery in poetry. It defines symbolism as using ideas or images that suggest deeper meanings beyond their literal sense. Common symbols include water representing rebirth and seasons symbolizing growth and death. Imagery uses language that appeals to the senses, using details that create visual pictures and associations for the reader. Both symbolism and imagery allow poets to establish atmosphere and involve readers by opening their minds to new perceptions.
2. SsShakespeare ,İngiliz şair ve tiyatro (oyun) yazarıdır.
İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatının şimdiye kadar çıkardığı
en büyük yazar olarak bilinmektedir. Ayrıca
dünyanın en kaliteli drama yazarlarındandır.
Genel olarak İngiltere’nin ulusal şairi diye
anılmıştır. Günümüze kadar ulaşan eserleri 38
oyun, 154 sone ve iki uzun öyküsel şiirle bazı
diğer şiirlerinden oluşmaktadır. Shakespeare’in
yazarlığı dört döneme ayrılarak
deÄŸerlendirilmiÅŸtir:
1. Gençlik Dönemi (158893): Bu dönemde
şarkılar ve soneler yazdı. Bu dönemde yazdığı
oyunlar: Veronalı iki Centilmen, Bir Yaz Gecesi
Rüyası, Üçüncü Rişar, Romeo ve Juliet
3. 2. Olgunluk Dönemi (1593-1601):
Konularını tarihten alan milli piyesler
yazdı. Bu oyunlarda aşk ve vatanseverlik
temaları dikkati çeker. Bu dönemde;
Dördüncü Henri, Venedik Taciri adlı
dramları, On ikinci Gece, Nasıl
Hoşunuza Giderse adlı komedileri
yazmıştır.
3. Karamsarlık Dönemi: Bu dönemde
yazarın dram kahramanları, ya deli ya
da dengesiz insanlardır. Genellikle hep
bir cinayete karışırlar. Bu dönemde;
Hamlet, Othello, Kral Lear, Julius Caesar,
Antonius ile Kleopatra’yı yazdı.
4. Huzur ve sükun dönemi: Bu
dönemde de Sekizinci Henry, Fırtına ve
Bir Kış Hikayesi’ni yazdı.
Shakespeare için dram ve
komedilerinde, konudan çok insan
tipleri önemliydi. Üslûbu çok değişken,
kıvrak ve şiirseldir. Anlatımı, yerine göre
felsefi, yerine göre lirik, yerine göre
kaba ve müstehcen, yerine göre ince ve
espri doludur.
4. • Sonelerin özellikleri
• Büyük yazarın iç dünyası, sonelerindedir. Bu özlü
ÅŸiirlerde, dramatik ses deÄŸil, lirik ses egemendir.
Çoğu, derin duyguları, güçlü heyecanları, acıları ve
sevinçleri anlatır.
• Onaltıncı yüzyılın sonlarında yazılmış olan Sonelerde,
Shakespeare insan ruhunun birçok boyutlarını
yansıtmış ve yaratmıştır..
Soneler, Shakespeare’in iç dünyasının birçok yönlerine
ışık tutmaktadır..
• Shakespeare, Sonelerinde genellikle piyeslerinin
çoğundan daha açık ve duru bir dil kullanmıştır. Gerek
duygularının açıkça bildirilmesi, gerek kıvrak bir ritm
sağlanması için, Shakespeare bol sayıda kısa
kelimeden yararlanmak yoluna gitmiÅŸ. Ãœstelik,
Sonelerde piyeslerinin birçok yerini zorlaştıran
mitolojik ve tarihi adları kullanmaktan ve yoğun
benzetmeler yapmaktan kaçınmıştır.
..
5. SONELERÄ°N KONULARI
Shakespeare’in 154 Sonesinin genel konusu, sevgidir; öyküsü ise bir sevgi serüveni.
Bu öykünün dört kişisi var: Ozan (belki Shakespeare’in kendisi, belki bir anlatım
aracı olarak yarattığı bir ozan), sarışın erkek sevgili, esmer kadın ve rakip ozan.
İlk Sonelerde ozan kendisine ihsan ve yardımlarda bulunan bir genç aristokrata
güçlü ve heyecanlı bir sevgiyle bağlıdır. Sonraları, bir rakip ozanın göze girmesi ve
başka sadakatsizlikler yüzünden acıklı durumlara düşer. Son Sone, bir esmer kadına
duyulan cinsel sevgiyi anlatır. kısacası 154 Sone ozanın soyut sevgiden cinsel
bağıntılara kadar geçirdiği türlü türlü ruh olaylarının öyküsü gibidir.
Genel konunun gelişmesi bakımından, Soneler çeşitli sıra ve sınıflara konulabilir,
ama en belirli bölme şudur:
1. Sone l’ den Sone 126’ya kadar soylu gence yazılmış olanlar,
2. Sone 127’den Sone 152’ye kadar esmer kadına yazılmış olanlar,
(Sone 153 ve 154, dizinin bütünlüğünden ayrı düşmektedir.
6. • Sone 130 Yazılış Amacı ve Özet
• Eserimiz oldukça ustalıkla kaleme
alınmış sade ve açık bir dille
yazılmış bir ‘’parody’’ örneğidir.
• Elizebet dönemi geleneksel
edebiyat ve resimdeki ideal
güzellik kavramını hicvetmek
amacıyla yazılmıştır.
• O dönem şiirleri genellikle
güzellikte mükemmel olan bir
kadına veya kusursuz bir adama
yazılırdı.
• Yazarımız , eserinde bu geleneksel
şiirlerde kullanılan klişe imaların
,benzetmelerin abartılı olmasını
hicvetmiştir.( özellikle Petrarca nın
ünlü sonesine karşı yazdığı
söylenir)
7. • Shakespeare bu sonesinde daha çok metresi
olarak anılan esmer kadını anlatmıştır. Sonedeki
mesaj basit ve açıktır.
• Sonede esmer leydi doğanın güzellikleriyle ve
güzellik tanrıçalarıyla mukayese edilecek bir
güzelliğe sahip değildir.
• İlk bölümde (1-2. satırlar) onun güzelliğini
doğada var olan güzelliklerle kıyaslıyor ( güneş,
kar , mercan). Bu karşılaştırmaların hiçbirinde
metresini o güzelliklere eşdeğer bulmuyor.
• Sonraki bölümde (3-4) o dönem için güzel kabul
edilen bir kadında olmaması gereken bazı
özelliklere metresinin sahip olduğunu
söyleyerek onu yermeye devam ediyor.
• Sonrasında da (5-8) yine bir kıyas ve sevgiliyi
yerme var
8. • 9- 12 satırlarda yine bir kıyaslama var ancak
artık yazar sevgilisinin tüm bu kıyasladığı
şeyler kadar güzel olmasa da onun varlığından
duyduğu memnuniyeti ifade etmeye başlıyor
• Son iki dizede artık yazarımız gerçek görüşünü
ifade ediyor ve o dönemin yazarlarına
gönderme yaparak onların yaptığı abartılı
onun deyimiyle yanlış kıyaslamalara rağmen
sevgilisinin özel bir kadın olduğunu söyler ve
metresine aşkını ilan eder.
9. My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips' red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are
dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her
head.
I have seen roses damasked, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress
reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress when she walks treads on the
ground.
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.
Güneşe hiç benzemez sevdiceğimin gözleri
Mercan önde gider kırmızılıkta,
dudaklarından:
EÄŸer kar beyaz tabir edilirse, onun koynu gri
Eğer saça tel denirse, kapkara teller büyür
başından.
Çok gördüm pembe, beyaz, kırmızı güller,
Ama izi bile yoktur onun yanaklarında o
güllerin;
Ve bazı kokular eminim çok daha güzeller
Acı kokusundan, ondan yükselen nefesin.
Severim onu konuÅŸurken dinlemeyi, ama
bilirim
Müziğin kulağa çok daha hoş gelen bir tınısı
var:
Emin olun öyle yürüyen bir ilahe hiç
görmedim;
Benim sevdiceğim yürürken yeri göğü sallar.
Ve fakat, Tanrı şahit olsun ki benim aşkım
nadirdir
O, saçma sapan benzetmelerle tarif
edilemeyendir.“( çeviri, Can Yücel)
10. Temalar
Love: "I love to hear her speak." (line 9)
"My mistress when she walks treads on the
ground." (line 12)
"...I think my love as rare, As any she belied with
false compare." (line 13)
Apperance: "My mistresses' eyes are nothing like
the sun." (line 1)-
"Coral is far more red than her lip' red." (line 2)
"If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head."
(line 4)
"And in some perfumes is there more delight,
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks."
(line 7-8)
11. • Woman and feminity: "If snow be white, why
then her breasts are dun;" (line 3).
"And in some perfumes is there more delight,
Than in the breath that from my mistress
reeks." (line 7-8)-
"I grant, I never saw a goddess go;" (line 11)
"...I think my love as rare, As any she belied
with false compare." (line 13)