This presentation provides an overview of reverse osmosis membrane filtration fundamentals. It discusses types of filtration processes including reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. It covers key concepts such as osmosis, reverse osmosis, net driving pressure and rejection rates of different ion types. The presentation also examines reverse osmosis membrane types, configurations, and system design considerations including permeate recovery, flux, and staging approaches.
The document discusses iron and manganese in drinking water. It states that iron and manganese occur naturally in groundwater and can cause aesthetic issues like staining but do not pose health risks at typical concentrations. It discusses common treatment methods for iron and manganese like oxidation and filtration. Testing is needed to determine appropriate treatment methods based on the concentrations and forms of iron and manganese present.
The document discusses wastewater management and treatment. It covers the definition of wastewater, sources of wastewater like households and industries, and effects of untreated wastewater like water pollution and health impacts. It then describes the wastewater treatment process which includes physical, chemical, and biological steps. Primary treatment involves screening and grit removal while secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge. The document also discusses Malaysia's laws and policies around wastewater treatment and standards for treated effluent quality.
The most common treatment process for surface water supplies—conventional treatment—consists of disinfection, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, aeration, chlorination, softening (removal of hardness of water)
The document discusses MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) wastewater treatment plants, which use a specialized biological process to purify wastewater. MBBR is effective at removing organic substances, nitrification and denitrification, and can treat both industrial and domestic wastewater with low energy consumption. It has several advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, including producing less solids, being more space efficient, and having lower operating costs. The document also describes an MBBR wastewater treatment company in Kerala called Green Method Engineering that provides various wastewater treatment services and technologies.
This document summarizes various water treatment processes used to remove pathogens from drinking water. It discusses sources of water and the need for treatment due to microbial contamination. The main water treatment processes covered include storage, filtration (slow sand, rapid sand), coagulation/flocculation, softening and disinfection (chlorine, UV). It provides details on the typical microbial reductions achieved by each process and the factors influencing effectiveness.
Principios de quimica y estructura ena3 - ejercicio 10 cálculo de la energ...Triplenlace Química
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El documento proporciona los pasos y datos energéticos para calcular la energía reticular del bromuro de potasio (KBr). Se describe primero la reacción de formación de KBr a partir de potasio sólido (K) y bromo líquido (Br2). Luego, los pasos incluyen sublimar K, vaporizar Br2, disociar Br2 en átomos de Br, ionizar K e ionizar Br para obtener iones K+ e Br- que pueden formar el cristal iónico de KBr, liberando energía igual a la energía
This document discusses industrial wastewater reuse and membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for treatment. It provides examples of MBR systems treating wastewater from automotive, refinery/petrochemical, and food & beverage facilities for reuse in industrial processes. GE's ZeeWeed MBR technology using immersed hollow fiber membranes is shown to reliably produce high quality effluent meeting reuse standards. The presentation concludes that MBR fits the need to treat difficult industrial wastewater to levels required for reuse applications.
Wastewater treatment involves four main processes: preliminary treatment to remove large debris; primary treatment to allow solids to settle; secondary biological treatment using microorganisms to break down organic matter; and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced removal of nutrients or contaminants. Preliminary treatment uses bar screens and grit chambers. Primary treatment uses sedimentation tanks to separate solids from liquid. Secondary treatment uses either fixed film systems like trickling filters or suspended growth systems like activated sludge.
The document discusses plant chemistry and pretreatment systems for water. It covers topics like water chemistry, pretreatment processes including coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. It discusses the types of contaminants found in water sources and pretreatment chemicals used. The document is intended to provide training on identifying chemical hazards, water quality control, and troubleshooting pretreatment systems.
India faces severe water shortages, with demand for fresh water expected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, negatively impacting industries that require water. Many industries discharge untreated wastewater containing heavy metals and other pollutants into water sources. Implementing wastewater recycling and zero liquid discharge systems using various treatment methods can help close this demand-supply gap, save resources, and generate additional water supplies for reuse.
Water Treatment Processes:- Coagulation , Flocculation, Filtration by Kalpesh...kalpesh solanki
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The document discusses various processes involved in water treatment, including coagulation, flocculation, and filtration. It provides details on each major step:
- Coagulation involves adding chemicals like aluminum sulfate to destabilize particles in water and allow them to agglomerate. Flocculation then forms these particles into larger flocs to facilitate their removal.
- Filtration passes water through filter media like sand to remove remaining particles and microorganisms. Slow sand filters have a biological layer that assists with removal, while rapid sand filters use physical filtration at higher flow rates.
- Other key processes discussed include sedimentation to remove settled particles, aeration to improve odor and taste, and disinfection to kill
Preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments are the main steps used to treat wastewater. Preliminary treatment removes solids like grit, grease and rags. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove suspended solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to remove organic matter through microbial digestion. Tertiary treatment further removes nutrients and disinfects the water before environmental discharge or reuse.
Membrane separation processes have been widely used for wastewater treatment due to their advantages over conventional processes. Key membrane processes for wastewater treatment include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane bioreactors. These processes provide high quality treated water with low capital and operating costs due to their compact size and ability to automate. However, membrane fouling remains a challenge that can reduce membrane performance over time.
This document provides information on the design of rapid mixing (coagulation) and slow mixing (flocculation) units in water treatment. It discusses the objectives and design criteria for rapid mixing units, which is to provide complete mixing of coagulant and raw water over 20-60 seconds at 700-1000 sec-1. Slow mixing units called flocculators are used to promote particle aggregation over longer detention times of 15-30 minutes at lower velocity gradients of 10-100 sec-1. Tapered flocculation is described as a method to vary velocity gradients from higher to lower values through a basin to form dense, rapidly settling flocs. Examples are provided for designing paddle wheel and baffled channel flocculators
The most common treatment process for surface water supplies—conventional treatment—consists of disinfection, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, aeration, chlorination, softening (removal of hardness of water)
The document discusses MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) wastewater treatment plants, which use a specialized biological process to purify wastewater. MBBR is effective at removing organic substances, nitrification and denitrification, and can treat both industrial and domestic wastewater with low energy consumption. It has several advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, including producing less solids, being more space efficient, and having lower operating costs. The document also describes an MBBR wastewater treatment company in Kerala called Green Method Engineering that provides various wastewater treatment services and technologies.
This document summarizes various water treatment processes used to remove pathogens from drinking water. It discusses sources of water and the need for treatment due to microbial contamination. The main water treatment processes covered include storage, filtration (slow sand, rapid sand), coagulation/flocculation, softening and disinfection (chlorine, UV). It provides details on the typical microbial reductions achieved by each process and the factors influencing effectiveness.
Principios de quimica y estructura ena3 - ejercicio 10 cálculo de la energ...Triplenlace Química
?
El documento proporciona los pasos y datos energéticos para calcular la energía reticular del bromuro de potasio (KBr). Se describe primero la reacción de formación de KBr a partir de potasio sólido (K) y bromo líquido (Br2). Luego, los pasos incluyen sublimar K, vaporizar Br2, disociar Br2 en átomos de Br, ionizar K e ionizar Br para obtener iones K+ e Br- que pueden formar el cristal iónico de KBr, liberando energía igual a la energía
This document discusses industrial wastewater reuse and membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for treatment. It provides examples of MBR systems treating wastewater from automotive, refinery/petrochemical, and food & beverage facilities for reuse in industrial processes. GE's ZeeWeed MBR technology using immersed hollow fiber membranes is shown to reliably produce high quality effluent meeting reuse standards. The presentation concludes that MBR fits the need to treat difficult industrial wastewater to levels required for reuse applications.
Wastewater treatment involves four main processes: preliminary treatment to remove large debris; primary treatment to allow solids to settle; secondary biological treatment using microorganisms to break down organic matter; and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced removal of nutrients or contaminants. Preliminary treatment uses bar screens and grit chambers. Primary treatment uses sedimentation tanks to separate solids from liquid. Secondary treatment uses either fixed film systems like trickling filters or suspended growth systems like activated sludge.
The document discusses plant chemistry and pretreatment systems for water. It covers topics like water chemistry, pretreatment processes including coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. It discusses the types of contaminants found in water sources and pretreatment chemicals used. The document is intended to provide training on identifying chemical hazards, water quality control, and troubleshooting pretreatment systems.
India faces severe water shortages, with demand for fresh water expected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, negatively impacting industries that require water. Many industries discharge untreated wastewater containing heavy metals and other pollutants into water sources. Implementing wastewater recycling and zero liquid discharge systems using various treatment methods can help close this demand-supply gap, save resources, and generate additional water supplies for reuse.
Water Treatment Processes:- Coagulation , Flocculation, Filtration by Kalpesh...kalpesh solanki
?
The document discusses various processes involved in water treatment, including coagulation, flocculation, and filtration. It provides details on each major step:
- Coagulation involves adding chemicals like aluminum sulfate to destabilize particles in water and allow them to agglomerate. Flocculation then forms these particles into larger flocs to facilitate their removal.
- Filtration passes water through filter media like sand to remove remaining particles and microorganisms. Slow sand filters have a biological layer that assists with removal, while rapid sand filters use physical filtration at higher flow rates.
- Other key processes discussed include sedimentation to remove settled particles, aeration to improve odor and taste, and disinfection to kill
Preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments are the main steps used to treat wastewater. Preliminary treatment removes solids like grit, grease and rags. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove suspended solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to remove organic matter through microbial digestion. Tertiary treatment further removes nutrients and disinfects the water before environmental discharge or reuse.
Membrane separation processes have been widely used for wastewater treatment due to their advantages over conventional processes. Key membrane processes for wastewater treatment include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane bioreactors. These processes provide high quality treated water with low capital and operating costs due to their compact size and ability to automate. However, membrane fouling remains a challenge that can reduce membrane performance over time.
This document provides information on the design of rapid mixing (coagulation) and slow mixing (flocculation) units in water treatment. It discusses the objectives and design criteria for rapid mixing units, which is to provide complete mixing of coagulant and raw water over 20-60 seconds at 700-1000 sec-1. Slow mixing units called flocculators are used to promote particle aggregation over longer detention times of 15-30 minutes at lower velocity gradients of 10-100 sec-1. Tapered flocculation is described as a method to vary velocity gradients from higher to lower values through a basin to form dense, rapidly settling flocs. Examples are provided for designing paddle wheel and baffled channel flocculators
The document lists 13 famous gardens around the world, including Versailles in Paris, France; The Garden of Cosmic Speculation in Scotland, UK; Boboli Gardens in Florence, Italy; Rikugien Gardens in Tokyo, Japan; Claude Monet Gardens in Giverny, West Paris, France; Butchart Gardens in Victoria, BC, Canada; Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens in Cape Town, South Africa; Guarapiranga Sacred Grounds in Sao Paulo, Brazil; Yu Gardens in Shanghai, China; Exbury Gardens in New Forest, England; Keukenhof Gardens in Holland; Mirabell Garden in Salzburg, Austria; and Zen Garden of Ryoan Temple in Kyoto
Erik Johansson is a 23-year-old Swedish student who creates impossible pictures that play tricks on the viewer's mind. His pictures use optical illusions and unusual perspectives to make scenes and objects appear in ways that defy perception and logic.