कार्बोन आणि कार्बोनची संयुगे
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Automic structureJnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center- Atoms are the smallest particles of matter and consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus.
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कार्बोन आणि कार्बोनची संयुगे
- 2. जे पदार्थ र्थ तार्पवल्यार् नंतर कार्ळे होतार्त त्यार्ंत कार्बनर्थन हार् प्रमुख घटक असतो.
- 3. कार्बनर्थन हार् जवळ जवळ सवर्थ प्रार्णीजन्य आणिण वनस्पतीजन्य पदार्थ ार्र्थचार् घटक असतो.
- 4. आणपण इंधन म्हणून वार्परत असलेले सवर्थ पदार्थ र्थ तसेच हवेतील कार्बनर्थनडार्यऑक्सार्ईड मध्येही कार्बनर्थन हार् प्रमुख घटक आणहे.
- 5. कार्बनर्थन अणुअंक - ६ अणुवस्तुमार्नार्ंक – १२ संयुजार् -४
- 6. आणपण आणपली उर्जेची गरज मुख्यतःकार्बनर्थनी इंधनार्ंपार्सून भार्गवतो. • जीवार्श्म इंधने हार् कार्बनर्थनी इंधनार्ंचार् एक प्रमुख प्रकार्र आणहे. • जीवार्श्म इंधनार्ंपैकी दगडी कोळसार् कार्ही िविशिष्ट प्रकार्रार्ंत आणढळतो.
- 7. कोळशिार्चे प्रकार्र • कोळसार् कार्बनर्थनचे प्रमार्ण अॅॅथ्रेसार्ईट ८० % िबनटूिमनस ६०% िलग्नार्ईट २२% पीट ११%
- 8. कार्बनर्बनचे गुणधर्म र्ब • कार्बनर्बन पार्ण्यार्त िविरघळत नार्ही. (अविविद्रार्व्यतार् ) • कार्बनर्बन बनहुरुपतार् हार् गुणधर्म र्ब दर्शवर्बिवितो . • बनहुरुपतार् म्हणजे एकच म ूलद्रव्य एकार्पेक्षार् अविधर्क रूपार्ंत आढळणे • एकार्च म ूलद्रव्यार्च्यार् यार् िभिन्न रूपार्ंचे रार्सार्यिनक गुणधर्म र्ब सम ार्न परंतु भिौतितक गुणधर्म र्ब िभिन्न अवसतार्त. • िनसगार्र्बत बनहुरूपतार् दर्ार्खविविणार्री इतर म ूलद्रव्ये सल्फर, फॉस्फरस
- 9. कार्बनर्बन स्फिटिकी आिण अवस्फिटिकी रुपार्त आढळतो. स्फिटिकी रूपे • िहरार् • ग्रॅफार्ईटि • फु लेरीन्स
- 10. अवस्फिटिकी रूपे • कोक • कोल • दर्गडी कोळसार्
- 11. िहरार् िनिम ती – लार्खवो विषार्र्बपूविी प्रचंड दर्ार्बनार्खवार्ली कार्बनर्बनच्यार् स्फटिीकीकरणार्ने रचनार् प्रत्येक कार्बनर्बन अवणु भिोविती ठरार्िविक अवंतरार्विर चार्र कार्बनर्बन अवणू
- 12. िहऱ्यार्चे गुणधर्म र्ब • शवुद्ध िहरार् तेजस्विी,कठीण आिण िविजेचार् दर्ुविार्र्बह्क अवसतो. • िहरार् उच्च तार्पम ार्नार्विर तार्पिविल्यार्स त्यार्तून कार्बनर्बनडार्यऑक्सार्ईड बनार्हेर पडतो. • िहऱ्यार्विर आम्ल , अवल्कली यार्ंचार् पिरणार्म होत नार्ही. • शवुद्ध कार्बनर्बनविर दर्ार्बन दर्ेऊन कृत्र ित्रिम िहरार् तयार्र करतार्नार् करतार्त
- 13. उपयोग • कार्च कार्पण्यार्सार्ठी • िडिलग म िशवनम ध्ये • अवलंकार्रार्ंनम ध्ये
- 14. ग्रॅफार्ईटि • रचनार् एकम ेकार्ंपार्सून ठरार्िविक अवंतरार्विर अवसलेल्यार् सहार् कार्बनर्बन अवणूंची षटिकोनार्त म ार्ंडणी. प्रत्येक कार्बनर्बन अवणूंभिोविती ठरार्िविक अवंतरार्विर तीन कार्बनर्बन अवणूं
- 15. ग्रॅफाईट गुणधर्म र्म • काळे, गुळगुळीत , म ऊ • उष्णता आणिण िविजेचे सुविाहक
- 16. ग्रॅफाईटचे उपयोग • पेिन्सलम ध्ये • विंगण म्हणून ( म ऊ असल्याने घर्षणर्मण टाळण्यासाठी) • कोरडया िविद्युत घर्टात • खूप प्रकाश देणाऱ्या आणकर्म लॅप म ध्ये
- 17. फु लेरीन्स • रचना फु टबॉलप्रम ाणे • गुणधर्म र्म अित विाहकतेशी संबंिधर्त
- 18. फु लेिरनचे विैशिशष्टय • फु लेिरन्सच्या काबर्मनी रुपासाठी हॅरॅल्ड कोटो, रॉबटर्म कलर्म आणिण िरचडर्म स्म ाली यांना १९९६ चे रसायन शास्त्राचे नोबेल पािरतोिषणक
- 19. काबर्मनचे अस्फिटकी रूप – चारकोल • िनिम ती ऑक्सिक्सजनच्या अपुऱ्या पुरविठयात लाकडासारखे विनस्पतीजन्य पदाथ र्म जाळून • गुणधर्म र्म सछीद्र्ता . कम ी घर्नता
- 20. काबर्मनची ऑक्सिक्सजनबरोबर ियाक्रिया • काबर्मन हविेत जाळल्यास ऑक्सिक्सजनशी संयोग पावितो. या ियाक्रियेत काबर्मनडायऑक्सक्साईडची िनिम ती होते.
- 21. काबर्मनची संयुगे • काबर्मनडाय ऑक्सक्साईड • आणढळ हविेत , तसेच खडू , शहाबादी फरशी, संगम रविर यांत संयुग स्विरुपात • काही संयुगांच्या रासायिनक ियाक्रियेतूनही काबर्मनडायऑक्सक्साईडची िनिम ती • उदा. संगम रविराविर , खाण्याचा सोडा यांविर िलबू िपळले असता. • प्रयोगशाळेतील काही रसायनांम धर्ील अिभिक्रियाक्रिया
- 22. कार्बनर्बनडार्यऑक्सार्ईडची इतर संयुगार्ंबनरोबनर अभिभिक्रियाक्रियार्
- 23. उपयोग • शीतपेयार्ंमध्ये • शुष्क बनफ र्ब तयार्र करण्यार्सार्ठी • आग िविझविण्यार्सार्ठी • खार्ण्यार्चार् आिणि धुण्यार्चार् सोडार् तयार्र करण्यार्सार्ठी • विनस्पतींनार् अभन्न तयार्र करण्यार्सार्ठी
- 24. िमथेन कार्बनर्बन आिणि हार्यड्रोजनचे संयुग • रेणिू सूत्र CH4 • आढळ दलदलीच्यार् प्रदेशार्त • गुणिधमर्ब द्रविीकरणि करतार् येत नार्ही. • रंगहीन .चविहीन.गंधहीन.हविेपेक्षार् हलकार्. • पार्ण्यार्त अभद्रार्विणिीय • हविेच्यार् सार्िनध्यार्तपेटविविलार् अभसतार् िनळ्यार् ज्योतीने जळतो.
- 25. िनिमती गोबनर गॅस संयंत्रार्त . प्रयोग शार्ळेत • उपयोग • इंधन म्हणिून • अभिसटवीलीनच्यार् िनिमतीत