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The CrucibleBy Arthur Miller
The PlaywrightThe Crucible opened in New York, NY in 1953It tells the story of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692.The play is also an allegory of the witch-hunts of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) led by Senator McCarthy in the 1950s.http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mbWThvBk2kA/SM_VbpqdO1I/AAAAAAAAGd8/gFC7uw2lsVs/s320miller.jpg
MarilynIn case you thought the life of a playwright was hopelessly un-cool, Arthur Miller was married to Marilyn Monroe from 1956-1961. http://trybecca.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/miller-727882.jpg
Salem Witch TrialsIn 1692 nineteen men and women and two dogs were convicted and hanged for witchcraft in Salem, MA. In 1957 the Massachusetts government passed a resolution absolving the descendents of the accused of disgrace or distress. In 1992, 300 years later, the names of those who suffered were added to the resolution.Why did it take so long for the court to acknowledge its full responsibility?What happens when authority is challenged?
The Beginnings of A PlayMiller considers the Salem story as an allegory for our times and begins to rework it as a play.Elia Kazan, director of Death of Salesman and Millers friend testifies before HUAC committee in 1952.Fearful of being blacklisted, Kazan named eight of the Group Theatre as being members of the Communist party in the 1930s.http://www.lasplash.com/uploads/1/inside_private_lives_5.jpg
AllegoryAn allegory is a story that acts as an extended metaphor. The main purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, setting and other types of symbols that have both literal and figurative meanings. The difference between an allegory and a symbol is that an allegory is a complete story that conveys abstract ideas to make a point, whereas a symbol is a representation of an idea that can have different meaning throughout a literary work.
Salem-Washington ParallelsAccording to Miller:Both ritualistic hearings.The main point is that the accused make public confession, damn friends, the Devil, and guarantee allegiance to by breaking old vows.Then, the accused are free to rejoin society of decent people.http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/Images/page_23/70b.jpg
Why An Allegory? Miller writes: The reason I think that I moved in that direction was that it was simply impossible any longer to discuss what was happening to us in contemporary terms. The hysteria in Salem had a certain inner procedure or several which we were duplicating again, and that perhaps by revealing the nature of that procedure some light could be thrown on what we were doing to ourselves. And thats how the play came to be (Bigsby xii).
Allegory For Our Times?Could this play be an allegory for our times? Consider the fight against terrorism as laid out to the world by former President, George W. Bush on November 6, 2001: You are either with us or against us. http://www.damonchernavsky.com/Pictures/Pictures_Of_US_Presidents/George-W-Bush.jpg
CruciblesOne dictionary definition of a crucible is a place of extreme heat, a severe test (Bigsby xvi).What are some of the crucibles in your lives?http://www.rojan.com.au/cache/path/:upload:pages:foundry-crucibles-accessories:mammut-crucibles-in-action1.jpg/crop/1/width/500/height/285/round/15/name/mammut-crucibles-in-action1.jpg
Themes: A Play About PowerThis play explores:The mechanisms by which power is maintained, challenged, lostThe seductiveness of powerThe power of guiltHow power equals the ability to determine what is realThe power of life and death
Themes: A Play About PerfectionThe Puritans: A city on a hill. Belief in unique virtues.Society that seeks to sustain a dream of perfection by denying all possibility of imperfection.Evil can only be external, for theirs is a city on a hill (Bigsby xxv).
A TragedyA tragedy is a story wherein individuals confront powerful forces and reveal the depth of human nature even the face of failure.A tragic flaw is an error or defect that leads to the downfall of the hero.This play is a tragedy for an individual and a tragedy for a community.http://www.imdb.com/media/rm3842873344/ch0033207
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The Crucible Background

  • 2. The PlaywrightThe Crucible opened in New York, NY in 1953It tells the story of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692.The play is also an allegory of the witch-hunts of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) led by Senator McCarthy in the 1950s.http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mbWThvBk2kA/SM_VbpqdO1I/AAAAAAAAGd8/gFC7uw2lsVs/s320miller.jpg
  • 3. MarilynIn case you thought the life of a playwright was hopelessly un-cool, Arthur Miller was married to Marilyn Monroe from 1956-1961. http://trybecca.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/miller-727882.jpg
  • 4. Salem Witch TrialsIn 1692 nineteen men and women and two dogs were convicted and hanged for witchcraft in Salem, MA. In 1957 the Massachusetts government passed a resolution absolving the descendents of the accused of disgrace or distress. In 1992, 300 years later, the names of those who suffered were added to the resolution.Why did it take so long for the court to acknowledge its full responsibility?What happens when authority is challenged?
  • 5. The Beginnings of A PlayMiller considers the Salem story as an allegory for our times and begins to rework it as a play.Elia Kazan, director of Death of Salesman and Millers friend testifies before HUAC committee in 1952.Fearful of being blacklisted, Kazan named eight of the Group Theatre as being members of the Communist party in the 1930s.http://www.lasplash.com/uploads/1/inside_private_lives_5.jpg
  • 6. AllegoryAn allegory is a story that acts as an extended metaphor. The main purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, setting and other types of symbols that have both literal and figurative meanings. The difference between an allegory and a symbol is that an allegory is a complete story that conveys abstract ideas to make a point, whereas a symbol is a representation of an idea that can have different meaning throughout a literary work.
  • 7. Salem-Washington ParallelsAccording to Miller:Both ritualistic hearings.The main point is that the accused make public confession, damn friends, the Devil, and guarantee allegiance to by breaking old vows.Then, the accused are free to rejoin society of decent people.http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/Images/page_23/70b.jpg
  • 8. Why An Allegory? Miller writes: The reason I think that I moved in that direction was that it was simply impossible any longer to discuss what was happening to us in contemporary terms. The hysteria in Salem had a certain inner procedure or several which we were duplicating again, and that perhaps by revealing the nature of that procedure some light could be thrown on what we were doing to ourselves. And thats how the play came to be (Bigsby xii).
  • 9. Allegory For Our Times?Could this play be an allegory for our times? Consider the fight against terrorism as laid out to the world by former President, George W. Bush on November 6, 2001: You are either with us or against us. http://www.damonchernavsky.com/Pictures/Pictures_Of_US_Presidents/George-W-Bush.jpg
  • 10. CruciblesOne dictionary definition of a crucible is a place of extreme heat, a severe test (Bigsby xvi).What are some of the crucibles in your lives?http://www.rojan.com.au/cache/path/:upload:pages:foundry-crucibles-accessories:mammut-crucibles-in-action1.jpg/crop/1/width/500/height/285/round/15/name/mammut-crucibles-in-action1.jpg
  • 11. Themes: A Play About PowerThis play explores:The mechanisms by which power is maintained, challenged, lostThe seductiveness of powerThe power of guiltHow power equals the ability to determine what is realThe power of life and death
  • 12. Themes: A Play About PerfectionThe Puritans: A city on a hill. Belief in unique virtues.Society that seeks to sustain a dream of perfection by denying all possibility of imperfection.Evil can only be external, for theirs is a city on a hill (Bigsby xxv).
  • 13. A TragedyA tragedy is a story wherein individuals confront powerful forces and reveal the depth of human nature even the face of failure.A tragic flaw is an error or defect that leads to the downfall of the hero.This play is a tragedy for an individual and a tragedy for a community.http://www.imdb.com/media/rm3842873344/ch0033207