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COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,GWALIOR
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior
Session-2024-25
SUBJECT-Production of Underutilized Vegetable crops
Assignment on
Production Technology of Leek
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Pragya Singh
SUBMITTED BY:
Pankaj Patidar
Enroll No.-24111405
M.sc(Ag) Horticulture
1st year (Vegetable Science)

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
BOTANICAL NAME :- Allium porrum L.
CHROMOSOME NUMBER :- 2n=4x=32
COMMON NAME :- Leek
FAMILY :- Alliaceae
ORIGIN :-Southern Europe , North Africa and the middle East

INTRODUCTION
• Leek is a non bulb forming tetraploid plant of onion family.
• Except large size it looks like green onion.
• Its cultivation is not commercial in India and grown only in kitchen
garden.
• Leek is cultivated for blanched stems and leaves.
• It is a biennial plant, consumed as salad and used in flavouring the
soups.

USES & NUTRITIVE VALUE
• Leeks can be used extensively in soups and stews because of mild flavour and
some what mucilaginous character.
• It is an excellent vegetable to flavour the meals in Indian dishes in place of
garlic.
Energy (kcal) 77 Calcium(mg) 50
Vitamin-A(IU) 30 Fat (g) 0.1
Moisture (g) 78.9 Iron(mg) 2.3
Thiamine(mg) 0.23 Carbohydrates(g) 17.2
Protein(g) 1.8

HEALTH BENEFITS OF LEEKS
• Contain many flavonoid antioxidants (including di-allyldisulfide, di-
allyl tri-sulfide, allyl propyl di-sulfide).
• Reduce fatty liver (liver triglyceride accumulation)caused by high-fat
diets.
• Improve lipid profile by decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride
levels while raising good cholesterol levels.

CLIMATE
• Leeks are adapted to growing in cool mild climates.
• Optimum temperature for seed germination-18-22^c .
• Ideal growing temperature ranges from 13-24^c.
• They don’t have the specific day length or temperature
requirements that onion requires for bulb initiation.

SOIL
• A well aerated soil with good drainage and good moisture retention
capacity with a pH of 6.5-7 is best.
• Deep ploughing is recommended so that a longer shaft can be
developed.

VERIETIES
Main fall varieties (August to October):
American Flag, Jolant, Kilima, King Richard, Primor.
Late fall - winter (October to December):
Derrrick, Electra, Goldina, Goliath, Kilima, Tivi, Wintereuzen.
Overwinter (spring harvest):
Carina, Conqueror (moderate bulbing), Eskimo and Siberia. These
varieties mature in 80-120 days.

1. PPL-1
• It is a selection from exotic germplasm.
• The whole plant is consumed.
• Leaves light green, swollen stem and do not form bulb.
• Ready in 150-160 days and good replacement for green onion.
2. Palam Paushtik:
• An alternative of green onion, suitable for
salad, soup and cooking.
• Matures in about 140-150 days with
average yield of 300-350q/ha.

SOWING TIME
• Ideal time -August- October in plains& hills
• High Hills –March – April
• Mid Hills –October –December
SEED RATE
• About 1.5-3 kg seed/h is required for raising the
seedling.
• 5-7 kg/ha for direct sowing.
• One gram weight contains 370 seeds.
Transplant of seedling

SEEDLING AND TRANSPLANTING
• Leeks are normally transplanted.
• Seeded: Feb-March (under protection).
• Mid-March to Mid-April (Out Door).
• Seedlings should be placed in furrows 15 cm deep or Each seedling
should be transplanted in individual hole of 15 cm deep.
• Spacing - 30 × 15 or 45 ×10 cm

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT
• A soil test is necessary to determine phosphate and potash
requirement.
• Apply 200-250q well rotten Farm Yard Manure or compost along with
80-100kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 80 kg k2O/ha.
• Entire quantity of FYM, P2O5, k2O and half N should be thoroughly
mixed in the soil at the time of planting. Remaining N is side dressed
one month after.
• Ethephon @ 50mg/l as foliar spray should be applied 20-25 days after
sowing.
• NAA @50mg/l should be applied at 60 and 90 days after planting.

IRRIGATION
• Irrigate uniformly to maintain vigorous, uniform growth and tender
stalks.
• A total of 12-15 inches of water may be required depending on
planting date, seasonal variation and variety.
• Soil type does not affect the amount of total water needed, but does
decide frequency of water application.
• Lighter soils need more frequent water applications, but less water
applied per application.

BLANCHING
• Blanching is important in leek cultivation.
• It is done by covering the plants to a certain height so as to bleach
them, which improves the quality of the crop.
• For this purpose, plants are put in up to their center leaves in
trenches or pits which are heavily manured and to earth up soil as
they grow.
• Care should be taken not to earth up soil too
early when the plants are young.

INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS
• Application of Alachlor (Lasso) @ 2 litres/ha or Stomp @ 3litres/ha
in 750 liters of water before transplanting is beneficial for controlling
weeds. Three hand weedings at 30, 50 and 75 days after
transplanting.

HARVESTING AND HANDLING
• Leeks do not bulb or go dormant in the fall but continue to grow slowly.
• The time of harvest is, therefore, very flexible, depending on the time
of planting, market conditions and variety of leek planted.
• Small leeks can be sold starting in early August and varieties that have
frost tolerance may be harvested throughout the fall and winter
months.
• Machine harvest of leeks is now possible, but most leeks are lifted or
dug by machine and then harvested, cleaned and packed by hand.
• Single or multiple row harvesters can be used effectively.

YIELD-
• The average yield is about 200-300 q/ha.
STORAGE-
• Store leek seed At 0 C and 95 to 100% RH
• Leeks, if properly handled, should be kept satisfactorily for 2 to3 months at 0 C.
• Respiration or heat evolution of leeks is about eight timesfasterat 21.1 C than at 0 C
• The best CA contains from 1-3 per cent oxygen and from 5-10 per cent
carbon dioxide.
• Atmospheres containing 15-20 per cent carbon dioxide cause tissue injury.
• 1 gram consists of 250-300 seeds

PACKAGING
• Leeks are commonly trimmed to 12 inch length, bunched depending
on diameter and often placed in polyethylene film bags.
• They are usually packaged in 5 kg cartons or wire bound crates,
holding 10 film bags, each 500 g.
• Other crates may be packaged with 18-24 bunches with a net weight
up to 15 kg.

METHODS OF SEED
PRODUCTION
• Seed to seed method :in this method, the first season bulb crop is left
to overwinter in the field, so as to produce seed in following season.
• Bulb to seed method :
1. Bulbs stored in previous season are lifted, selected and replanted to
produce seed in 2nd year.
2. Mostly bulb to seed method is followed because :
3. It permits selections of true to type and healthy bulbs for seed
production.
4. Seed yields are comparatively high

PLANT PROTECTION
• INSECTS
• DISEASE

INSECT-PEST
1. Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon):-
• It is a polyphagous insect and active at the onset of weather and The
caterpillars cut the seedling at ground level during night time.
Control :-
• Follow clean cultivation and break big clods of soil.
• Dust the soil with 4% Endosulfan at 25 kg/ha.

DISEASE
1.Downy Mildew(peronospora destructor):
• The entire surface of the leaves bears with violet growth of mycellium
and sporangia
• If the weather is hot or dry, only pale white patches are seen
• The affected leaves drop at the point of lesion and dry at tip
Control:
• Spray the crop with Dithane M-45
at 0.3% at weekly interval

2. White rot (sclerotium cepivorum):
• The fungus is soil brone and kills the stem, roots.
• The leaves of infected plants become yellow and flaccid leading to
death of whole plant.
Control:
• Spray the crop with 0.1 % Bavistin

REFERENCES
1. B.Choudhary, 1976,vegetables,national book trust.
2. M.S.Fageria, B.R.Choudhary and R.S.Dhaka,2003,vegetable crops
production technology, Kalyani publishers.
3. KV Peter, Horticultural series volume-3.
4. L.C.De,2001, Handbook of vegetable crops.
5. UK Kohli, Kxotic vegetables,Westville publishing House.
6. Yomaguchi,1983, World vegetables, AVI publishing Co.

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Underutilized Vegetable Crops production Technology of Leek .pptx

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