UNIT 5. 16th CENTURY2023.ppt
- 1. What do we currently know about the Modern Age?
- 2. What do we currently know about the Modern Age?
- 3. Who are these guys?
- 4. THE BEGINNING OF MODERN AGE 1453 End of hundred years war Fall of Constantinople Printing press. 1476 Catholic Monarchs: Union of Castille and Aragon 1492 End of Reconquista Discovery of America 1516 Luther against the Catholic Church 1519 Death of Leonardo Da Vinci Hernan Cort辿s conquests M辿xico Magallanes voyages around the world
- 5. Europe in the 16th century: TIME AND SPACE
- 6. The discovery of a new continent And the limits of the world
- 7. 16th Century: Changing times. ECONOMY: Growth and change. Towards capitalism and mundialization. SOCIETY: The rise of a new bourgeosie. POLITICS: The rise of the monarchies and the modern state. CULTURE: New horizons (discoveries), new styles (Renaissance), new religions (Luther)
- 8. After the Black Death, What do we need to grow again? CAUSES OF GROWTH CAUSES EVIDENCES
- 9. ECONOMY 16th CENTURY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION CAUSES OF GROWTH CAUSES EVIDENCES
- 10. ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION CAUSES OF GROWTH Production + Trade + Social stability MONEY INCOME Population + Death rate lower Healthier people Less diseases T Richer cities And merchant T Less toubles Less wars.. F / T America Far east T More noble Metals (silver) T CAUSES EVIDENCES
- 11. Economy growth The agriculture improvement More lands To cultivate New Techniques (irrigation, Channels) More production Demographic growth Greater demand
- 12. The growth of economy: trade More currency (silver and gold From America) Financial improvements (bankers lend money, loans) New markets And trade routes Greater demand More production ECONOMIC GROWTH The discovery of rich mines of silver in Central Europe and South America brought more money to spend in the economy.
- 13. ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION WHAT HAPPENS IF More gold and silver are avaliable. - CHAIN OF CONSEQUENCES
- 14. ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION WHAT HAPPENS IF More gold and silver are avaliable. Inflation (higher price) (people cant buy So many things) More demand (people want to buy more goods) More income For kings + production (traders will offer more goods and jobs) - Production(traders will produce less, + unemployement) More armies conquest.. CHAIN OF CONSEQUENCES Social unrest (possible) The gap between rich And poor is wider Migrations.
- 15. WHAT CAN IT MEAN IF WE FIND SPANISH SILVER COINS, MADE IN MEXICO, IN THE TOMBS OF THE CHINESE EMPERORS?
- 17. INFLATION AND MONEY One Dress for 2 ducades Price: 2 ducades Two Dresses for 4 ducades
- 18. INFLATION AND MONEY 3 dresses for 9 ducades Too much money in the market creates inflation Price: 3 ducades
- 19. RISE OF NOBLE METALS New silver mines are discovered at this time (central Europe, America). As a consequence a bigger amount of money is avalaible in the market. This motivates more production and a stimulus for the economy. But in the long run, too much money generates a rise in the prices (inflation) and a crisis (people cant buy so many goods as before).
- 20. SOCIETY A slow and continuos change XII CENTURY XVIII CENTURY What was the Name for this society?
- 21. SOCIETY IN 16th CENTURY THE BOURGUEOISIE More wealthy And powerful. Bankers and Big merchants Will lend money To kings.
- 22. THE NOBILITY They will lose all their political power, and will start to work for the kings. In exchange, kings will increase their wealth and prestige.
- 23. THE CHURCH Being a priviledged estate in the Middle Age, their conditions will change dramatically after Reformation in some countries.
- 24. THE PEASANTS Feudal obligations dissapear in Western Europe (they are not Serves any longer). Their life conditions will remain hard and unpleasant.
- 25. The transformation of the monarchies VS.
- 26. VS FEUDAL MONARCHY Middle Age Kings Control only their own fiefs. Nobles and Parliaments challenge his power. Civil wars. Irregular income: Scarce resources. AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY 16th century Real control over the Whole country Nobles became officials and generals at the service of kings. Parliaments lose power. More income: regular resources
- 27. ELEMENTS OF THE MODERN MONARCHY The army. More income allows the kings To keep a state army, not longer Depending on the private armies Of the nobles. The weapons are now more Expensive, and the armies, bigger.
- 28. BUREAUCRACY The state has now more people working for them (justice, taxes, administration
- 29. HIGHER TAXATION Kings had now a Regular income From new taxes (trade, for instance) Cervantes was a tax collector He standed accused of corruption, And condemned to jail. 20% of the money coming From America, was for the king
- 30. DIPLOMACY Increased in The 16th century. Ambassadors became known representing the kings interests
- 31. CAPITALS The kings Started to live in a single place, and Became the Main centre of The country.
- 33. MAQUIAVELO A prince should Not care about Being cruel if he keeps His subjects united And loyal
- 34. The Catholic Monarchs UNION GIVES POWER AND STRENGTH
- 35. The expansion in the Iberian Peninsula
- 36. The expansion in Europe
- 38. The religious persecution Inquistion (1478) Persecuted Heretics, False Christians (Jews and Muslims) And was under Control of the Monarchy,
- 39. Inquisition: the persecution The inquisition Avoided the Spread of Protestantism, But in exchange, Spain became a Very intolerant Country.
- 40. The defeat of nobility
- 41. The internal order Jail And headquaters of Santa Hermandad (Toledo)
- 42. CONTADURIA COURTS OF JUSTICE CORREGIDORES The state has now More people working For them (justice, taxes, administration
- 43. The world in the 15th century Tolomeos Geography
- 44. The age of Discovery
- 46. NEW TRADE ROUTES FAll of Constantinople and Alexandria forced the Europeans to find new Trade routes for Far East.
- 47. The age of Discovery Technical innovations: New ships: carabelas and Naos, able to Travel through the Atlantic Ocean
- 49. Compass
- 50. IDEOLOGICAL PURPOSES: The ideal of Reconquest
- 51. FINANCIAL SUPPORT By the kings of Portugal And Spain
- 53. Consequences: Treaty of Tordesillas POPE KINGS OF SPAIN KING OF PORTUGAL
- 56. AZTECAS AND MAYAS They discovered writing, Astronomy and maths and created a wide empire in Central America.
- 57. INCAS. They created another empire in South America Across all the Andes. They had an emperor with Absolute power, and All people had to work To the emperor some days per year.