17. /37 ( ??? ) David P. Norton BSC Collaborative ?? Nolan Norton ???? =>KPMG Research Arm Harvard Business School Leadership ?? ?? Robert S. Kaplan ??? The origins of Balanced Scorecard can be traced back to 1990 when Nolan Norton Institute sponsored a one-year multicompany study, ¡° ????? ?? ????¡± ¡° Measuring Performance in the Organization of the Future. ¡± The study participants ( Nolan Norton ¨C project leader Robert Kaplan ¨C academic consultants) believed that reliance on summary financial-performance measures were hindering organizations ¡¯ abilities to create future economics values . Therefore, study participants shifted to focus on the multidimensional scorecard and expanded to ¡° Balanced Scorecard ¡± concepts in 1992. 1. BSC ? ?? 1990 ? David P. Norton ? Robert S Kaplan ? ???? ?? BSC ??? ?? ? .
18. /37 Balanced Scorecard is a carefully selected balanced set of measures derived from the vision and strategies that represent a tool for leaders to use in communicating strategies to the organization and motivating change. By David P. Norton & Robert S. Kaplan) ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? Balanced set of Measures ??? ?? Strategy-focused ?? ??? Tool for Communicating Strategie s ??? ?? BSC Keyword BSC ?? ( BSC ?? ) BSC ? ??? BSC ? ?? ?? ??? Keyword ? ??? ??
19. /37 ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ? 1992 1996 2000 2004 ??? ???? ?? 1992 1-2 The Balanced Scorecard ¨C Measures that Drive Performance 1993 9-10 Putting the Balanced Scorecard to work 1996 1-2 Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System ??? ???? ??? ?? 75 ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? BSC ? ?? . ??? ??? ?? ??? 50% ??? BSC ? ?? . ( BSC ? ?? ) ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? BSC ? ???? ??? ??
20. /37 ¡® 90 ¡® 92 ¡® 94 ¡® 96 ¡® 98 ¡® 00 ¡® 02 ¡® 04 ¡® 06 HBS Books HBR Articles A Measurement System (The Balanced Scorecard) A Performance Management System (Strategy-Focused Organizations) A Core Competency (Strategy Execution) ?? ?????? ( ???? ) ???? ( BSC ? ?? )
32. /37 6. BSC Planning Process Vision / Mission Initiatives What will progress towards out vision of the future look like? What are the steps we will be taking to achieve our vision of the future? ( BSC ???? ) Objectives Measures Targets Objectives Measures Targets Objectives Measures Targets Objectives Measures Targets
33. /37 ( BSC ??? 4 ?? ?? ) Vision & Strategy CUSTOMER ¡° To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customers?¡± Objectives Measures Targets Initiatives FINANCIAL ¡° To succeed financially, how should we appear to our shareholders?¡± Objectives Measures Targets Initiatives INTERNAL BUSINESS PROCESSES ¡° To satisfy our shareholders and customers, what business processes must we excel at?¡± Objectives Measures Targets Initiatives INNOVATION AND LEARNING ¡° To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to change and improve?¡± Objectives Measures Targets Initiatives
34. /37 Objectivies ?? Measure causes, not effects Look for trends, patterns and structures, not events Introduce new measures each time you introduce new goals! The measurements must reflect the strategy! Develop composite measures if necessary Measures ?? ( Objectivies ? Measures) s pecific M easurable A chievable R ealistic T angible
35. /37 It is important to create a balanced scorecard across all performance criteria to ensure desired outcomes are achieved ( ???? ??? ???? ) The job of the management team The comptroller and the budget ACHIEVING BALANCE If Our Organizational System is It will very likely be We will have to maintain To maintain And And our products, services and processes meet customer needs To achieve Right things (on-time) Right way (first time) Right amount of resources Effective Efficient Quality Productive Quality of work life and innovation Profitability Excellence Survival Growth