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Ym 1
- 1. 勳亅亅 勳勳亅亅 勳 乘乘 丐丐 弌亟于: 1弌亟于: 1 勳亶仍亟于仍仍 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆勳亶仍亟于仍仍 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆 仄亠仆亠亢仄亠仆 亳仍亳亶仆 亟仍舒仄亠仆亠亢仄亠仆 亳仍亳亶仆 亟仍舒 亰勵亶仍亰勵亶仍
- 2. : 1弌亅亅: 1弌亅亅 俗俗 俗俗 俗 俗 箪辰但竪辿鱈 達坦坦谷達: 勳亶仍亟于仍仍 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆 仄亠仆亠亢仄亠仆亳亶仆 亳仍亳亶仆 亟仍舒 亰勵亶仍, 舒仄舒 探多丹箪箪 辿達坦坦谷谷達短鱈 多辿谷脱竪谷谷達鱈短 多鱈辰単箪鱈 3 担坦鱈棚旦 亟亞亳亶仆 磿亟舒舒 俗鱈辰単箪鱈 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆 仆从 俗辿谷脱竪谷谷達鱈短 狸奪鱈奪脱奪丹竪辿鱈 達多辿旦箪嘆達箪探 多多丹箪達, 淡竪辿辰但箪丹 達丹達探 探多丹箪箪 5s
- 3. 俗 俗 俗 俗 丱 勳, 丱丱 俗 丱 勳, 丱丱 俗 辿達坦坦谷谷達 達箪辰箪達 鱈箪達 巽樽丹竪谷達樽嘆樽辿 叩多谷箪達 探多狸多多単竪辿達 探箪谷箪探 叩尊達尊尊辰 綻坦達, 探箪鱈辰 巽樽丹竪坦谷脱, 探竪歎鱈箪箪鱈 探箪狸脱箪箪嘆箪辿, 耽狸丹 歎鱈丹嘆辿 多辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪探箪箪単 箪探谷箪箪辰 嘆多多鱈竪辿達 探箪巽箪箪 探竪辿探, 耽狸丹 嘆樽鱈樽達 嘆尊探尊尊丹尊狸脱 淡竪達谷探, 探箪鱈 探鱈 探竪辿探, 探箪丹探箪鱈 探竪辿探, 耽狸丹 巽丹辰谷丹 多辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪探 叩樽谷樽鱈 探箪丹箪達谷箪達歎辰箪辰 探箪丹探箪鱈 探多丹達箪探, 耽狸丹 多丹 尊達尊尊脱 唏亞唏 達箪探 亰亞 仄舒 仂仍仂仆 舒亟舒仍亟 仆亞仆 亰亞 亳亶亟于 亞舒亞舒 弍仂仍亟仂亞. 勳亶仍亟于仍仍 勵亶仍 舒亢 亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆 仄亠仆亠亢 仄亠仆 仆 亰唏于唏仆 .勵亶仍亟于仍仍亳亶亞 亟亳亟舒 亞仆 勵亞 弍亳 ﾐ 舒亟舒舒亟 弍仂仍仂仆 亟仂 仂仂亟 ,仂仆 唏唏仍唏仍 唏仆亟 勵亶仍 舒亢 亳仍仍舒亞舒舒亞舒舒 亰仂亳仍舒 勵亶仍 ,舒亢 亳仍仍舒亞舒舒亞舒舒 舒舒仍 亞勵亶 磦仍舒 弍仂仍仂仄亢 亳亶亞 弍勵亟勵勵仍 唏仆亟唏 舒仆舒亞 弍舒亞舒 亰舒亟仍舒舒 弍亳亶 弍仂仍亞仂 亞 仄 唏亞唏仆 勵仆亳亶 .舒亟仍亟亞 亟仂仂亳 亳亞仍仍 亟舒仍仆舒
- 4. Why Study OM?Why Study OM? OM is one of three major functions (marketing, finance, and operations) of any organization We want (We want (and needand need) to know how goods and) to know how goods and services are producedservices are produced We want to understand what operationsWe want to understand what operations managers domanagers do OM is such a costly part of an organizationOM is such a costly part of an organization
- 5. 多丹達箪谷脱谷箪谷 狸丹 叩多嘆箪箪達辰箪探多多鱈 多辿谷歎竪谷達箪箪勵亶仍亟于仍 于仍 多巽多多谷箪探 但箪? 鱈箪 探多丹箪箪鱈辰 叩多嘆箪箪達辰箪探多多鱈竪辿 嘆樽樽 探箪狸脱箪箪, 歎鱈丹, 辰竪巽辿鱈, 奪丹尊鱈探竪辿 淡竪鱈脱歎鱈丹嘆 鱈尊谷尊尊谷辰尊達 探多歎竪鱈 巽多辿谷単多多辰竪辿達 単坦辰谷探, 単辿脱丹坦坦谷探 丹達 巽狸短達 単坦辰谷鱈. 勵亞亟勵勵仆亳亶 亰舒亟仍亞 弍仍舒, 舒仆舒亞 舒亶亢仍舒 弍仂仍仂仄亢亟亞 舒于 勵亰仆. 唏仆 亟舒仍亞舒舒 亳仆亢亳仍亞 亳亶亢, 亳仆 弍勵亞亟勵勵仆 勵亶仍亟于仍亢 仆于勵勵仍 舒亶 舒亟仍亞 舒仄仍仆舒. 俗辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷竪辿鱈 誰丹樽旦奪単単. 奪探鱈樽谷樽達竪辿鱈 耽狸丹 辰丹谷谷, 探箪辰竪辿 探坦達旦鱈辰, 礆舒 舒亟于舒舒亶 探竪歎鱈箪箪鱈 探多仆 舒亳亞仍舒, 箪丹箪谷嘆 舒仄舒舒仍舒仆 探多歎竪鱈 歎辰谷短亞 仆仄亞亟勵勵仍 于仍 弍舒亞舒亞舒 探坦但舒丹亳谷谷嘆 巽箪丹達竪辿達単坦辰谷鱈.
- 6. 多丹達箪谷脱谷箪谷 辰竪丹辰谷達短鱈 淡竪辿辰但箪丹 達丹達谷嘆. -辰 鱈尊谷尊尊谷辰尊達 探多歎竪鱈 巽多辿谷単, 丹達坦坦辰 叩樽谷樽鱈 -短達 多丹 辰多鱈, 多丹 淡竪達, 尊鱈辰尊丹 歎鱈丹, 叩達 巽丹辰谷 達箪単箪鱈 探箪狸脱多多丹箪箪丹 探箪狸脱辰箪達 嘆坦探辿. 仆亞仆 亠唏仆亳亶 舒舒亟仍舒亞亟亞 舒仆亞舒仆舒舒 仂仆仂于仂亶 亳亶亟于 弍仂仍亟仂亞. 多多探竪辿 箪辰 狸嘆奪丹竪谷, 単箪谷叩箪達. 嘆奪丹竪谷短鱈 探箪丹箪達旦箪箪 嘆樽樽, 歎鱈丹 叩樽谷樽鱈 嘆単丹谷嘆達多辿 脱竪谷谷達達 探鱈達探 鱈尊尊旦 叩多丹辰多多谷箪探, 淡竪達谷探 探耽鱈探 単坦坦辰谷. 丐勵勵亳亶 亟 仄舒亠亳舒仍, 仍弍亞 亞仍, 亟 舒仆亞亳亟舒亶 仂仍弍仂仂仂亶亞仂仂 礆舒 仄亢亶, 礆舒 舒仆舒舒亶 弍舒舒舒 仄舒亠亳舒仍仆 仆唏唏 舒舒亟仍舒亞舒舒亶 弍仂仍仂亞 仂亟仂仂亶仍仂.
- 7. 多丹達箪谷脱谷箪谷 脱竪谷谷探 探多歎. 脱竪谷谷探 探多歎鱈竪辿 探箪丹箪達旦箪箪亞 仂仂仂仂仂 仍亟 亟仆亳亶 舒亢仍仆 仆舒亳亶仆 于舒舒亳仍舒仍, 舒亢仍仆 亞勵亶亞仍亳亶仆 多丹 辰多鱈達嘆樽樽旦樽探, 辰箪箪淡谷多多谷箪探 叩樽谷樽狸脱叩樽谷樽鱈 巽丹辰谷短達単坦辰谷鱈. 辿丹淡谷短鱈 淡竪辿辰但箪丹 達丹達谷嘆. 亅仍亶 亰仂亳仍舒仆 唏仍唏于仍唏, 亟亳亟舒 亰亞 舒亟仍亟亞 亟舒仍仆舒. .丐仍舒亞舒 俗辿谷 脱竪谷谷達鱈短 坦辰竪丹辰谷達短鱈 探多丹箪箪鱈辰 達丹歎 叩坦辿 淡竪鱈箪 樽辿谷達樽谷嘆坦坦辰, 尊鱈辰尊丹 探尊達脱単尊鱈 樽丹鱈短 嘆坦丹淡谷達 巽箪丹箪達嘆箪辿 嘆鱈竪谷旦鱈. .亅仍 丹箪谷嘆竪辿達 探箪丹探箪鱈 嘆狸達谷探, 嘆多多鱈辰 坦耽谷辰単鱈 探狸達竪辿鱈 叩達 巽丹辰谷 達丹探坦辿旦 多辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷竪辿鱈 嘆尊谷尊但谷尊谷嘆 探竪辿探, 仍亳亶亞 舒仆亞舒 唏唏 弍仂仍仂仄亢亳 勵勵于勵勵亟亳亶亞 仂仍亢 亳仍勵勵仍 舒亟舒仍 亟仍舒亞亟舒仆舒.
- 8. 俗 俗 3 俗 俗 3 丐亅亅亅 丕亊丐亅亅亅 丕亊 1.1. 俗鱈辰単箪鱈 多辿谷脱竪谷谷達俗鱈辰単箪鱈 多辿谷脱竪谷谷達 2.2. 丹棚奪嘆竪鱈達丹棚奪嘆竪鱈達 樽丹谷坦坦谷谷嘆短達嘆狸達谷探樽丹谷坦坦谷谷嘆短達嘆狸達谷探 俗鱈辰単箪鱈 狸丹棚奪嘆竪鱈達俗鱈辰単箪鱈 狸丹棚奪嘆竪鱈達 1.1. 鱈探多多鱈探多多 尊単尊但叩多丹辰多多谷箪探尊単尊但叩多丹辰多多谷箪探 箪辰竪辿鱈 巽単達竪辿鱈 淡竪鱈脱竪谷達箪箪 探竪辿探 箪辰竪辿鱈 巽単達竪辿鱈 淡竪鱈脱竪谷達箪箪 探竪辿探 尊尊旦 担樽鱈辰叩箪谷嘆達箪探尊尊旦 担樽鱈辰叩箪谷嘆達箪探
- 9. Organizing to Produce Goods and ServicesOrganizing to Produce Goods and Services Essential functions: Marketing generates demand Production/operations creates the product Finance/accounting tracks how well the organization is doing, pays bills, collects the money
- 10. Organizational ChartsOrganizational Charts Operations Teller Scheduling Check Clearing Collection Transaction processing Facilities design/layout Vault operations Maintenance Security Finance Investments Security Real estate Accounting Auditing Marketing Loans Commercial Industrial Financial Personal Mortgage Trust Department Commercial Bank Figure 1.1(A)Figure 1.1(A)
- 11. Organizational ChartsOrganizational Charts Operations Ground support equipment Maintenance Ground Operations Facility maintenance Catering Flight Operations Crew scheduling Flying Communications Dispatching Management science Finance/ accounting Accounting Payables Receivables General Ledger Finance Cash control International exchange Airline Figure 1.1(B)Figure 1.1(B) Marketing Traffic administration Reservations Schedules Tariffs (pricing) Sales Advertising
- 12. Marketing Sales promotion Advertising Sales Market research Organizational ChartsOrganizational Charts Operations Facilities Construction; maintenance Production and inventory control Scheduling; materials control Quality assurance and control Supply chain management Manufacturing Tooling; fabrication; assembly Design Product development and design Detailed product specifications Industrial engineering Efficient use of machines, space, and personnel Process analysis Development and installation of production tools and equipment Finance/ accounting Disbursements/ credits Receivables Payables General ledger Funds Management Money market International exchange Capital requirements Stock issue Bond issue and recall Manufacturing Figure 1.1(C)Figure 1.1(C)
- 13. 多鱈竪辿鱈尊尊旦嘆箪辿探樽谷叩樽樽嘆樽辿多辿谷脱竪谷谷達 耽達嘆谷鱈 叩樽辰樽探 叩多丹嘆達箪谷 鱈達狸脱 単但丹 多辿谷歎竪谷達箪箪 鱈脱奪鱈奪丹竪辿鱈 叩樽谷樽鱈 嘆奪探鱈樽谷樽達竪辿鱈 多多丹箪達. 多嘆箪箪達辰箪探多多鱈竪辿単嘆鱈辰丹嘆短達 嘆樽達嘆樽樽探, 嘆奪探鱈樽谷樽達竪辿鱈 達樽丹竪狸短達狸尊丹辰尊探, 嘆多多鱈竪辿達叩竪奪谷多多谷箪探, 探尊辰尊谷狸尊丹 探狸達谷谷短鱈 辰箪達谷箪狸 単探竪探. ﾃ樽鱈 鱈竪辿嘆竪辿鱈 探丹竪谷旦. 竪辿達狸竪辿鱈 尊狸鱈尊 探多谷箪箪単箪鱈 多多丹箪達.
- 14. 俗 俗 俗 俗 俗鱈辰単箪鱈 多辿谷脱竪谷谷達鱈短 担坦鱈棚旦 鱈端 叩辿達坦坦谷谷達短鱈 叩多嘆箪箪達辰箪探多多鱈 多辿谷歎竪谷達箪箪達叩竪辿叩樽谷達樽探, 多辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪探 多鱈辰単箪鱈 多辿谷耽但旦 叩坦綻坦 誰丹樽旦奪単単竪辿達竪谷箪丹探竪辿谷箪探 叩多辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷辰嘆樽辰樽丹探樽辿叩多嘆箪箪達辰箪探多多鱈 多辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪探, 多辿谷歎竪谷達箪箪鱈辰探箪丹箪達谷箪達歎竪辰竪辿鱈 探箪丹箪達旦箪箪 淡丹辰谷達短達 探鱈達探 多辿谷耽但旦丹 竪谷箪丹歎 叩辿辰達. ?勳亶仍亟于仍仍亳亶仆 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒 亞亢 ﾑ 于 仍亳于舒舒弍舒亶亞仍仍舒亞仆 勵亶仍亟于仍仍亳亶仆 亞 亟 弍勵亞亟勵勵仆 于仍 勵亶仍亳仍亞 弍亳亶 弍仂仍亞仂 勵勵亞 舒亳仍舒亞亞 勵仍亢, 亟亳亟舒仆 亰仂亳仂仆 弍舒亶亞仍舒 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒亞 亰仂亳仍舒 勵亶仍 磦 ﾐ. 哦唏 勵亞 仍弍仍 弍舒舒舒弍勵亞亟勵勵仆, 勵亶仍亳仍亞亞 弍亳亶 弍仂仍亞仂 仗仂亠亳亶仆 仆亞亟仆 亳亠仄.
- 15. 脱竪谷谷探 探多歎 誰竪嘆谷, 亞舒亰舒 奪鱈奪脱狸奪鱈嘆 亟仍仍 俗 多嘆箪箪達辰箪探多多鱈, 多辿谷歎竪谷達箪箪 多丹達箪谷脱谷箪谷 辿達坦坦谷谷達短鱈 鱈箪箪谷嘆嘆箪辿 単竪単嘆奪狸竪辿鱈 樽鱈樽谷樽樽丹 探丹坦坦谷単鱈 単探奪狸 ﾃ 丱丕丱 ﾃ 探樽谷叩樽樽 亅亞 丱礌舒仍
- 16. What Is Operations Management?What Is Operations Management? Production is the creation of goods and services Operations management (OM)Operations management (OM) isis the set of activities that createsthe set of activities that creates value in the form of goods andvalue in the form of goods and services by transforming inputsservices by transforming inputs into outputsinto outputs
- 17. 勵亞仍亢仍仍 舒亶亞仍仍舒亞仆 亳亠仄 仆 亅亅丐亅 弍舒 丱丐丐. 仍亶 亳亠仄 仆 亞舒亟舒舒亟 仂仆 唏唏仍唏仍唏仆亟 亟舒舒仆 亰仂亳仂亢 唏唏仍唏亞亟唏亢 弍舒亶亟舒亞. 亅亞 仂仍弍仂仂: 仍亳于舒舒 弍舒亶亞仍仍舒亞舒 仆 弍仂亞亳仆仂 亞舒舒舒仆亟 舒仄亟舒 舒亟于舒舒舒 弍舒亢 弍舒亶, 仂亳仆 仂亞仆仂亢 弍舒亶 勵勵亟仆 弍勵亞亟勵勵仆 勵亶仍亳仍亞仆亳亶 舒仆舒仆 舒舒亟仍舒亞亞 舒仆亞舒仆 仍亟, 亞仂仍仂亞亟仍亞 弍舒亞舒亞舒, 仆唏唏亳亶仆 舒亳亞仍舒仍亞 舒亶亢仍舒 勵勵亟仆 礌舒仍仆 仍舒仄亢舒亶亞舒舒 亞 仂仍仂仂仂亶 舒亢亳仍仍舒仆舒. 勳勵仆亳亶 勵仆亟仆 亟 勵亶仍亟于仍仍亳亶仆 弍勵亳亶 仍 仗仂亠亟 亰舒于舒仍舒亞亟舒仆 舒亶亢亳 弍舒亶亟舒亞.
- 18. 多丹達箪谷脱谷箪谷 俗鱈辰単箪鱈 多辿谷脱竪谷谷達鱈端 淡丹辰谷達嘆辿鱈尊尊旦多多辰竪辿達淡竪達谷鱈 (探尊辰尊谷狸尊丹, 棚誰竪嘆谷, 嘆奪探鱈樽谷樽達竪, 狸嘆奪丹竪谷, 探尊丹尊鱈達尊, 箪丹歎竪狸 探多歎, 狸箪辰箪箪谷箪谷, 旦達探坦達旦) 達丹旦 叩樽谷達樽鱈 探坦但竪丹達探 多辿谷耽但旦短達探箪谷鱈箪. 尊尊旦多多辰竪辿達辰樽嘆樽丹 鱈端: 竪奪嘆 叩坦綻坦 狸嘆奪丹竪谷, 探尊辰尊谷狸尊丹, 嘆奪探鱈竪棚嘆樽鱈樽達嘆尊探尊尊丹尊狸脱巽箪丹箪達 鱈尊尊旦多多辰竪辿鱈 探坦但端辰鱈探丹探 巽多辿谷鱈端 鱈尊尊旦竪辿鱈 歎鱈丹, 樽鱈樽但歎嘆樽辿単樽鱈達樽谷嘆, 巽尊但巽丹旦坦坦谷谷嘆辰鱈探丹谷探鱈辰坦坦谷辰達. 竪奪嘆 叩坦単 叩坦綻坦 嘆奪探鱈樽谷樽達竪, 丹達脱竪谷谷達, 多辿谷耽但旦 巽箪丹箪達鱈尊尊旦竪辿鱈 探坦但端辰嘆箪辰達箪箪丹竪辿鱈 樽鱈樽但歎嘆樽辿探坦但竪丹谷谷嘆, 巽尊但嘆尊谷尊但谷尊谷嘆, 巽樽探竪樽鱈 叩辿達坦坦谷谷嘆, 探耽鱈谷嘆 巽箪丹箪達嘆 竪谷多多鱈探丹谷嘆但竪探 淡丹辰谷達嘆辿.
- 19. 勳亅亅勳亅亅 仄亞亟仆 勵仆 仆 亞亢 ﾑ 于? What is meant by the term value-added? 仆 唏唏亞 弍舒 亞舒仆 勵仆 仆 于仍 勵仆 仂仆 磿亞舒舒 value-added仆仄亞亟仍 仂亞 亞舒 弍仂仍亞仂仂亟 亞舒舒仆 仆仄亞亟仍 勵亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆 亰舒亟仍亟 亞 亞舒 弍仂仍亞仂仆 于亳亞舒 磦舒亟 弍仂仍仂于仍舒 磦舒亟 唏唏仍 弍勵亳亶仆 仆仄亞亟仍 舒亢仍亟 亳亶亞亟亟亞 弍唏亞唏唏亟 仆 磦亞 仆仄亞亟仆 唏唏亞 弍ﾑ 仆仄亞亟仆 勵仆 仆 亞亢 仆仍亟亞.
- 20. 勳亅亅 勳亶仍 舒亢亳仍仍舒亞舒舒仆 唏仍勵勵亟? Type of operations? 亳亠 勵亶仍亟于仍仍: 仄舒仍 舒亢 舒亶, 仍 舒亶, 勵仆仆亳亶 弍仂仍仂仆 唏仆亞唏仆, 亳仄 勵仆亳亶 勵亶仍亟于仍仍 丱舒亟亞舒仍舒 弍仂仍仂仆 于仍: 弍舒舒舒仆 舒亞仍舒, 舒舒舒 弍仂仍仂仆 勵仆 于仍 勵亶仍亳仍亞, 亟舒仆 亳仍亞仄亢亳亶仆 勵亶仍亳仍亞 亳仍亢舒舒: 亢亳亢亳亞仍仆 弍仂仍仂仆 弍唏唏仆亳亶 亟舒仍亟舒舒, 舒仆勵勵亞亳亶仆 勵亶仍 舒亢, 勵, 亰仍, 唏唏仆亞亳亶仆 弍亳亢 勳亰于: 亳仆仂 亠舒, 舒亟亳仂 亠仍亠于亳亰, 从仂仆亠, 仂 仂亞仍仂仍 丱舒亳仍舒舒 仂仍弍仂仂: 仂仆亳仆, 亠仍亠仂仆 仂仍弍仂仂, 亳亶仄仍 亟舒亞仍, 亳仆亠仆亳亶仆 勵亶仍亳仍亞 弌亞舒仍: 亞仍 仍亞, 亳 亟亟 亞仍亳亟, 从 亠仄亳仆舒 亅仄仆仍亞: 仄仆仍亞, 仂仆仂仍仂亞仂仂 亳亶亟亞 舒仄弍仍仂
- 21. 俗 俗 俗俗,俗 俗 俗俗, 俗 5 俗 5 俗辿谷脱竪谷谷達鱈短 狸奪鱈奪脱奪丹竪辿鱈 多多丹箪達/箪丹箪谷嘆 鱈尊尊旦竪辿鱈 坦耽谷辰達探鱈達探 歎竪達谷箪谷箪箪丹/ 俗辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷竪辿鱈 単竪単嘆奪狸竪辿鱈 嘆単谷辰谷達多辿叩辿辰谷短達探鱈達探 俗辿谷脱竪谷谷達達嘆尊谷尊但谷尊探 樽探竪樽鱈 叩辿達坦坦谷探 丼亳亞仍勵勵仍 耽鱈探 丱舒亳仍舒亞舒: 丐唏仍唏于仍唏仍, 仂亳仂仆 弍舒亶亞仍舒, 丱勵仆亳亶 仆唏唏, 丼亳亞仍勵勵仍, 丱礌舒仍,
- 22. What Operations Managers DoWhat Operations Managers Do Planning Organizing Staffing Leading Controlling Basic Management FunctionsBasic Management Functions
- 23. 勵亞仍亢仍仍 Planning Capacity, location, product and service, projects, scheduling Organizing process selection, degree of centralization Staffing Hiring/laying off, use of overtime Directing incentive plan, issuannce of work orders, Job assignments Controling/imroving Inventory, quality, costs, productivity
- 24. 多丹達箪谷脱谷箪谷 俗辿谷脱竪谷谷達鱈短 狸奪鱈奪脱奪丹竪辿鱈 淡竪辿辰但箪丹 達丹達探 探多丹箪箪 5 脱竪谷谷探 探多歎 (People) 俗辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷竪辿鱈 誰丹樽旦奪単単 (Process) 俗辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷竪辿鱈 鱈箪達脱探箪単箪達, 淡嘆 辰狸脱谷達(Plants) 俗辿谷辰但箪丹谷箪谷竪辿鱈 鱈箪達脱箪箪丹 辰狸脱竪鱈 尊鱈達尊丹歎 叩坦辿 叩丹 狸嘆奪丹竪谷 (Parts) 俗辿谷 脱竪谷谷達鱈短 嘆尊谷尊但谷尊谷嘆 叩 探耽鱈谷嘆短鱈 単竪単嘆奪狸 (Planning and Control system)
- 25. Where are the OM Jobs?Where are the OM Jobs? Figure 1.2Figure 1.2