The hazelnut is a small deciduous tree native to Southern Europe and Turkey. It produces sweet, nutritious kernels that are part of the birch family. Scientifically known as Corylus avellana, hazelnuts can be eaten raw, roasted, salted or sweetened. They have a nutty yet sweet taste and are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that promote health and protect against diseases and cancers.