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. 
. 
Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form 
for the Cab curves 
椳j 
昜寄尖 
晩云方僥氏2014 定拍 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍1 / 12
はじめに 
はじめに 
旗方爆圧催(協x圭殻塀から竃k) 
J. Silverman 縮娩(Brown) 眉屯恕幣鴬平 
及15 指屁方サマ`スク`ル(2007、雑偏、寄廉麿) 
仝N方の互い旗方爆とAbel 謹悶々 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍2 / 12
眉屯爆 
掲蒙旗方爆の協x圭殻塀(眉屯) 
F: C 貧の(1 篳旗方) v方悶 
O: 肝方1 の恙(o渤h泣) 
L := ff 2 FjordQ(f )  0;Q?= Og [ f0g 
M := fordO(f )jf 2 Lg 
a1;    ; am 2 M: モノイドM の伏撹圷で、(a1;    ; am) = 1 となるもの 
x1;    ; xm 2 L: ordO(xi ) = ai , i = 1;    ;m となるもの 
C[X1;    ; Xm]: C 貧のm 篳謹塀h(X1;    ; Xm: 音協猟忖) 
. 
アフィン旗方爆の協x圭殻塀 
. 
.徭隼な畠符瞥侏  : C[X1;    ; Xm] ! C[x1;    ; xm] のker() 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍3 / 12
眉屯爆 
Cab 爆 
Telescopic ker() の伏撹圷がm  1 () 
ai 
di 
2 
a1 
di1 
;    ; 
ai1 
di1 
, di = (a1;    ; ai ), i = 2;    ;m 
(Suzuki, 2007) 
Cab ker() の伏撹圷が1 () m = 2 
. 
Cab 爆 
. 
(x1; x2) = (x; y), (a1; a2) = (a; b), 
. 
C : 
Σ 
(i ;j)2D 
ci ;jxi yj = 0 ; ci ;j 2 C ; D := f(i ; j)ji ; j  0; ai + bj  abg 
g = 
(a  1)(b  1) 
2 
a = 2, b = 2g + 1 のとき、階卩 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍4 / 12
}の協塀晒 
Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form 
fduigg 
i=1: 及1 N裏蛍 
C  C 貧の2-form R((x; y); (z;w))dxdz で、參和を困燭垢發 
1. (z;w) = (x; y)でのみ2了のO 
2. lim 
(z;w)!(x;y) 
R((x; y); (z;w))(x  z)2 = 1 
R((x; y); (z;w)) = 
d 
dz 
Ω((x; y); (z;w)) + 
Σg 
i=1 
dui (x; y) 
dx 
dri (z;w) 
dz 
fdrigg 
i=1: O でのみOをもつ及2 N裏蛍 
Ω((x; y); (z;w)): 1-form 
R((x; y); (z;w)) = R((z;w); (x; y)) 
を祭磴垢fdrigg 
i=1 と、そのときのR((x; y); (z;w))dxdz 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍5 / 12
}の協塀晒 
階劼栽(Klein, 1888) 
y2 = c2g+1x2g+1 + c2g x2g +    + c1x + c0 ; c0;    ; c2g+1 2 C 
dui (x; y) := 
xi1dx 
2y 
; i = 1;    ; g 
Ω((x; y); (z;w)) = 
y + w 
2(x  z)y 
dx 
dri (z;w) = 
2Σgi 
k=i 
ck+1+i (k + 1  i ) 
zk 
2w 
dz ; i = 1;    ; g 
R((x; y); (z;w)) = 
Σg 
j=0 xj zjfc2j+1(x + z) + 2c2jg 
(x  z)2 
1 
2y 
1 
2w 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍6 / 12
}の協塀晒 
Cab の栽(Nakayashiki, 2010) 
C : 
Σ 
(i ;j)2D 
ci ;jxi yj = 0 ; D = f(i ; j)ji ; j  0; ai + bj  abg 
fj := 
Σ 
i :(i ;j)2D 
ci ;jxi ; gj := 
Σ 
i :(i ;j)2D 
ci ;j zi ; hj := 
Σj1 
i=0 
wi yj1i 
dui ;j (x; y) = 
xi yj 
Σa 
k=1 kyk1fk 
dx ; i = 1;    ; g 
Ω((x; y); (z;w)) = 
Σa 
j=0 hjgj 
(x  z) 
Σa 
k=1 yk1fk 
dx 
R((x; y); (z;w)) = 
d 
dz 
Ω((x; y); (z;w)) + 
Σg 
i=1 
dui (x; y) 
dx 
dri (z;w) 
dz 
が各となるdri ;j (z;w) = 
Σ 
u;v Di ;j ;u;v zuwv 
Σa 
k=1 kwk1gk 
dz のS方fDi ;j ;u;v g が贋壓 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍7 / 12
麼Y惚 
麼Y惚 
光(i ; j) 2 J(a; b) := f(i ; j)ji ; j  0; ai + bj  ab  a  bg について、 
dri ;j (z;w) := 
Σj+1 
u=0 
Σa 
v=j+1 
Σ 
r 
Σ 
s 
cr ;ucs;vDr ;s;u;v (i ; j)zr+si2wu+vj2 
Σa 
k=1 kwk1gk 
dz 
Dr ;s;u;v (i ; j) := 
8 
: 
u(s  i  1) (u  v = j + 1) 
u(r  i  1) (j + 1 = u  v) 
(j + 1  u)s  (v  j  1)r 
+(i + 1)(v  u) (u  j ; j + 2  v) 
とおくとき、R((x; y); (z;w)) が各となる。 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍8 / 12
麼Y惚 
箭1: 階(a = 2, b = 2g + 1) 
C : y2 + y 
Σg 
r=0 
cr ;1xr + 
2Σg+1 
s=0 
cs;0xs = 0 
dui ;0(x; y) := 
xidx 
2y + 
Σg 
r=0 cr ;1xr ; i = 0;    ; g  1 
dri ;j (z;w) = 
ri ;0(z;w) 
2w + 
Σg 
r=0 cr ;1zr dz として、 
ri ;0(z;w) = 
Σg 
r=i+2 
Σg 
s=0 
cr ;1cs;1(r  i  1)zr+si2 
+ 
Σg 
r=i+2 
cr ;1(r  i  1)zri2w  
2Σg+1 
r=2i+3 
cr ;0(r  2i  2)zri2 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍9 / 12
麼Y惚 
箭2: 蒙(cr ;u = 0, u?= 0; a) 
C : ya + 
Σb 
s=0 
cs;0xs = 0 
dui ;j (x; y) := 
xi yjdx 
aya1 ; (i ; j) 2 J(a; b) 
dri ;j (z;w) = 
ri ;j (z;w) 
awa1 dz として、 
ri ;j (z;w) =  
Σb 
r=i+2 
cr ;0(ar  a  r  ai  rj)zr2iwa2j 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab c晩urv云es方僥氏2014 定拍10 / 12
麼Y惚 
vB冩梢 
Cab またはそれ參貧の匯違晒(S方は箔めない) 
Cab Nakayashiki 2010 
Telescopic c勸丐t鴬平猟2013 
階厰塒發eの爆 
C3;4 Elibeck, Matsutani, Onishi 麿(2007) 
C3;7;8, C6;13;14;15;16 Matsutani (2013) 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab c晩urv云es方僥氏2014 定拍11 / 12
まとめ 
まとめ 
. 
Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form 
. 
.Klein 參栖、126 定ぶりの匯違晒 
鮄: 
巓豚佩双M、たとえば v方(u;M)(u の謹塀) のS方を麻 
辛e蛍狼 
旗方爆圧催 
. 
書瘁のn} 
. 
.匯違議な眉屯爆 (匯違議な]Riemann 中に) への匯違晒 
椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab c晩urv云es方僥氏2014 定拍12 / 12

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2014 9-26

  • 1. . . Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab curves 椳j 昜寄尖 晩云方僥氏2014 定拍 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍1 / 12
  • 2. はじめに はじめに 旗方爆圧催(協x圭殻塀から竃k) J. Silverman 縮娩(Brown) 眉屯恕幣鴬平 及15 指屁方サマ`スク`ル(2007、雑偏、寄廉麿) 仝N方の互い旗方爆とAbel 謹悶々 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍2 / 12
  • 3. 眉屯爆 掲蒙旗方爆の協x圭殻塀(眉屯) F: C 貧の(1 篳旗方) v方悶 O: 肝方1 の恙(o渤h泣) L := ff 2 FjordQ(f ) 0;Q?= Og [ f0g M := fordO(f )jf 2 Lg a1; ; am 2 M: モノイドM の伏撹圷で、(a1; ; am) = 1 となるもの x1; ; xm 2 L: ordO(xi ) = ai , i = 1; ;m となるもの C[X1; ; Xm]: C 貧のm 篳謹塀h(X1; ; Xm: 音協猟忖) . アフィン旗方爆の協x圭殻塀 . .徭隼な畠符瞥侏 : C[X1; ; Xm] ! C[x1; ; xm] のker() 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍3 / 12
  • 4. 眉屯爆 Cab 爆 Telescopic ker() の伏撹圷がm 1 () ai di 2 a1 di1 ; ; ai1 di1 , di = (a1; ; ai ), i = 2; ;m (Suzuki, 2007) Cab ker() の伏撹圷が1 () m = 2 . Cab 爆 . (x1; x2) = (x; y), (a1; a2) = (a; b), . C : Σ (i ;j)2D ci ;jxi yj = 0 ; ci ;j 2 C ; D := f(i ; j)ji ; j 0; ai + bj abg g = (a 1)(b 1) 2 a = 2, b = 2g + 1 のとき、階卩 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍4 / 12
  • 5. }の協塀晒 Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form fduigg i=1: 及1 N裏蛍 C C 貧の2-form R((x; y); (z;w))dxdz で、參和を困燭垢發 1. (z;w) = (x; y)でのみ2了のO 2. lim (z;w)!(x;y) R((x; y); (z;w))(x z)2 = 1 R((x; y); (z;w)) = d dz Ω((x; y); (z;w)) + Σg i=1 dui (x; y) dx dri (z;w) dz fdrigg i=1: O でのみOをもつ及2 N裏蛍 Ω((x; y); (z;w)): 1-form R((x; y); (z;w)) = R((z;w); (x; y)) を祭磴垢fdrigg i=1 と、そのときのR((x; y); (z;w))dxdz 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍5 / 12
  • 6. }の協塀晒 階劼栽(Klein, 1888) y2 = c2g+1x2g+1 + c2g x2g + + c1x + c0 ; c0; ; c2g+1 2 C dui (x; y) := xi1dx 2y ; i = 1; ; g Ω((x; y); (z;w)) = y + w 2(x z)y dx dri (z;w) = 2Σgi k=i ck+1+i (k + 1 i ) zk 2w dz ; i = 1; ; g R((x; y); (z;w)) = Σg j=0 xj zjfc2j+1(x + z) + 2c2jg (x z)2 1 2y 1 2w 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍6 / 12
  • 7. }の協塀晒 Cab の栽(Nakayashiki, 2010) C : Σ (i ;j)2D ci ;jxi yj = 0 ; D = f(i ; j)ji ; j 0; ai + bj abg fj := Σ i :(i ;j)2D ci ;jxi ; gj := Σ i :(i ;j)2D ci ;j zi ; hj := Σj1 i=0 wi yj1i dui ;j (x; y) = xi yj Σa k=1 kyk1fk dx ; i = 1; ; g Ω((x; y); (z;w)) = Σa j=0 hjgj (x z) Σa k=1 yk1fk dx R((x; y); (z;w)) = d dz Ω((x; y); (z;w)) + Σg i=1 dui (x; y) dx dri (z;w) dz が各となるdri ;j (z;w) = Σ u;v Di ;j ;u;v zuwv Σa k=1 kwk1gk dz のS方fDi ;j ;u;v g が贋壓 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍7 / 12
  • 8. 麼Y惚 麼Y惚 光(i ; j) 2 J(a; b) := f(i ; j)ji ; j 0; ai + bj ab a bg について、 dri ;j (z;w) := Σj+1 u=0 Σa v=j+1 Σ r Σ s cr ;ucs;vDr ;s;u;v (i ; j)zr+si2wu+vj2 Σa k=1 kwk1gk dz Dr ;s;u;v (i ; j) := 8 : u(s i 1) (u v = j + 1) u(r i 1) (j + 1 = u v) (j + 1 u)s (v j 1)r +(i + 1)(v u) (u j ; j + 2 v) とおくとき、R((x; y); (z;w)) が各となる。 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍8 / 12
  • 9. 麼Y惚 箭1: 階(a = 2, b = 2g + 1) C : y2 + y Σg r=0 cr ;1xr + 2Σg+1 s=0 cs;0xs = 0 dui ;0(x; y) := xidx 2y + Σg r=0 cr ;1xr ; i = 0; ; g 1 dri ;j (z;w) = ri ;0(z;w) 2w + Σg r=0 cr ;1zr dz として、 ri ;0(z;w) = Σg r=i+2 Σg s=0 cr ;1cs;1(r i 1)zr+si2 + Σg r=i+2 cr ;1(r i 1)zri2w 2Σg+1 r=2i+3 cr ;0(r 2i 2)zri2 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab cu晩rve云s方僥氏2014 定拍9 / 12
  • 10. 麼Y惚 箭2: 蒙(cr ;u = 0, u?= 0; a) C : ya + Σb s=0 cs;0xs = 0 dui ;j (x; y) := xi yjdx aya1 ; (i ; j) 2 J(a; b) dri ;j (z;w) = ri ;j (z;w) awa1 dz として、 ri ;j (z;w) = Σb r=i+2 cr ;0(ar a r ai rj)zr2iwa2j 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab c晩urv云es方僥氏2014 定拍10 / 12
  • 11. 麼Y惚 vB冩梢 Cab またはそれ參貧の匯違晒(S方は箔めない) Cab Nakayashiki 2010 Telescopic c勸丐t鴬平猟2013 階厰塒發eの爆 C3;4 Elibeck, Matsutani, Onishi 麿(2007) C3;7;8, C6;13;14;15;16 Matsutani (2013) 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab c晩urv云es方僥氏2014 定拍11 / 12
  • 12. まとめ まとめ . Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form . .Klein 參栖、126 定ぶりの匯違晒 鮄: 巓豚佩双M、たとえば v方(u;M)(u の謹塀) のS方を麻 辛e蛍狼 旗方爆圧催 . 書瘁のn} . .匯違議な眉屯爆 (匯違議な]Riemann 中に) への匯違晒 椳j(昜寄尖) Klein's fundamental second kind 2-form for the Cab c晩urv云es方僥氏2014 定拍12 / 12