This document summarizes a lecture on human genetics and heredity. It discusses key topics like sexual reproduction, genetic transmission through DNA, cell replication, genetic variation through meiosis and recombination, sex determination, the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes, Mendel's laws of inheritance, sex-linked traits, the interaction between genes and the environment, heritability, genetic influences on behavior through family and twin studies, genetic mutations and abnormalities like Down syndrome, phenylketonuria, and sickle cell anemia. Cultural evolution and gene-culture coevolution are also briefly covered.
(1) The document summarizes key stages of prenatal development from conception through the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods, ending with birth. It describes the formation of the zygote, morula, blastocyst, and how the three germ layers form.
(2) During the embryonic period, the amnion, amniotic fluid, chorion, and placenta provide nutrition and protection for the growing embryo. Organs begin to form and differentiate. Sexual differentiation occurs from weeks 7-9.
(3) In the fetal period, rapid growth and development of organs occurs. The fetus can sense motion, sound, and light. Maternal stress, nutrition,
(1) The document summarizes key stages of prenatal development from conception through the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods, ending with birth. It describes the formation of the zygote, morula, blastocyst, and how the three germ layers form.
(2) During the embryonic period, the amnion, amniotic fluid, chorion, and placenta provide nutrition and protection for the growing embryo. Organs begin to form and differentiate. Sexual differentiation occurs from weeks 7-9.
(3) In the fetal period, rapid growth and development of organs occurs. The fetus can sense motion, sound, and light. Maternal stress, nutrition,
This document provides an overview of genetics and heredity. It discusses sexual reproduction and how genes are transmitted from parents to offspring through sperm and egg cells. The process of cell replication through mitosis is described, as well as sources of genetic variation such as meiosis and genetic recombination. Principles of inheritance including dominant and recessive alleles are covered. The interaction between genes and the environment in determining phenotypes is also addressed.
This document summarizes key aspects of language acquisition in children. It discusses how children progress from prelinguistic communication like babbling to understanding words and basic sentences. Children first learn nouns and verbs referring to objects and actions around them. They develop the ability to share attention and experiences with others. The document also examines how children learn meanings of words, grammar rules, and pragmatic uses of language in social contexts. Both nativist and interactionist perspectives on language learning are presented. Essential ingredients for language development include biological prerequisites in the brain and environment, cognitive abilities, fast mapping skills, social interaction, and exposure to language.
This document discusses language acquisition in children. It covers prelinguistic communication skills in infants, the development of pointing and early words. It also examines the puzzles of how children learn word meanings and grammar. The document outlines the four subsystems of language - sounds, words, sentences, and language use. It compares nativist and environmental explanations for how children acquire language abilities.
Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words. It examines how words are formed through the combination of morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes that must be attached to other morphemes. Words can be made up of multiple morphemes arranged in a hierarchical structure. Languages have morphological rules for word formation using prefixes, suffixes, and compounding. While morphological rules are productive, there are also exceptions in the form of irregular words.
- Language is a uniquely human ability to produce and understand strings of sounds to convey meaning. It allows for displacement from immediate experiences and is creative, with an infinite number of possible sentences.
- Linguistic knowledge includes knowledge of a language's sound system, words, and rules for forming sentences. It is separate from language performance or use.
- While animals can communicate, human language is discrete, rule-governed, and allows for creativity in combining elements - distinguishing it from animal systems like birdsongs.
- The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, that language determines thought, is too strong; though aspects of cognition can be influenced by a language, humans are not determined by their language.
This document outlines the syllabus for an Introduction to Linguistics course. It includes 17 class sessions over the semester, covering topics like morphology, syntax, phonetics, phonology, language in society, language change, language acquisition, and language processing. Students will be assessed based on exams, assignments, and class participation. The course will use two textbooks: An Introduction to Language and Language Files. The professor teaches Thursday and Friday afternoons and can be reached by email or blog.
This document provides an overview of what language is from a linguistic perspective. It discusses that language is a uniquely human ability that allows for the production and understanding of strings of sounds to convey meaning. It notes that children acquire language proficiency around age 5 without explicit knowledge of the underlying rules. The document also describes linguistic knowledge regarding sound systems, words, creativity and grammar. It discusses the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammars, as well as theories of universal grammar and language development. It considers what distinguishes human language from animal communication systems.
This document provides an overview of language acquisition. It discusses:
1) Prelinguistic communication stages in infants from birth to 12 months including cooing, babbling, and pointing which are precursors to language.
2) The development of words and sentences in children, starting with single words at 13-14 months and progressing to two-word combinations by 18 months and basic grammar by age 2.
3) Theories of language acquisition including nativist and interactionist perspectives. Nativism posits innate linguistic abilities while interactionism emphasizes social and environmental influences.
This document outlines a developmental psychology course taught in English. It lists the textbook used, David R. Shaffer and Katherine Kipp's "Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence," and meeting times on Thursdays from 10am to 12pm and Fridays from 1pm to 3pm. It also provides contact information for the professor and the course schedule, which covers topics like prenatal development, infant capacities, language acquisition, and adolescence across 18 classes. Student assignments include reports and a final exam.
1. 102 學年度第 1 學期
《外文系》教師授課計劃書
一、科目名稱 (中文) 發展心理學與英語教學
(英文) Developmental Psychology in English Teaching
二、修 課 別 ?必修 ?選修 學分數: 2 時數: 2
許靜芬 老師 ?專任 ?兼任
三、授課教師 Course meeting: Fridays 2013/9/13-2014/1/10, 8:10-10:00
Office hour: Thursday 10-12; Friday 13-15 Email: hsuchingfen@gmail.com
Phone number: 02-26632102 ext. 3815
Course blog: blog.udn.com/chingfen1010
四、開課宗旨 本堂課旨在介紹人類發展從兒童進入青少年發展階段,在生理、心理、認知、社會
互動各階段皆有介紹,期望由點至線到面說明,幫助學生明白個體發展過程,對發
展各層面更熟悉了解,輔以說明發展歧異族群,例如,注意力缺失過動症,學習障
礙,自閉症,語言障礙,情緒與行為障礙等,課程內容採理論與實務雙向並進方
式,期望學生能將所學應用在日後教學中。
五、教學目標 (一)認知目標:了解人類在認知能力上不同階段的發展,包括:
(1)胚胎期 (2)嬰兒時期 (3)兒童早期 (4)兒童中期 (5)青少年時期
(二)情意目標:能激起學生對發展心理學的學習興趣,包括:
(1)主題影片欣賞 (2)心得撰寫 (3)課堂報告 (4)分組討論 (5)優良書籍選讀
(三)技能目標:學生能明白人類發展階段能力與改變,應用於日後英語教學中,包
括: (1)認知發展 (2)環境影響 (3)語言發展 (4)社會發展 (5)情緒發展
六、授課方式 ?講述 ?分組討論 ?課堂報告 ?影片教學
?戶外教學 ?實際演練 ?心得撰寫
七、授課綱要
週 次 教 學 內 容 綱 要 說 明 非典型發展(歧異發展)
1 9/13
2 9/20
3 9/27
4 10/4
5 10/11
6 10/18
Language and Development
Language Acquisition
Environment and Development
Genes and Environment
National holiday
Prenatal Development and Birth
Family, School, Society Environment and Development
Cognition and Development
Infant Capacities and the Process of Change: Perception
9/13 Langauge disorders &
Brain plasticity (film)
9/20 Williams syndrome/ Down
syndrome
10/4 Alcohol fatal syndrome
10/11 Violence influences
10/18 Deaf and hard of hearing
2. 7 10/25
8 11/1
9 11/8
10 11/15
11 11/22
12 11/29
13 12/6
14 12/13
15 12/20
16 12/27
17 1/3
18 1/10
Infant Capacities and the Process of Change: Motor
The Achievements of the First Year
期中報告Students’ Report (I)
期中報告Students’ Report (II)
Early Experience and Later Life
Social and Emotional Development
Social Development in Early Childhood
Social Development in Middle Childhood
Emotional Development of Adolescence
Biological and Social Foundations of Adolescence
The Cognitive and Psychological Achievements of
Adolescence
Children Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Final Exam
10/25 Physical or health disabilities
11/1 Autism spectrum disorders
11/29 Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder
12/6 Learning disabilities
12/13 Emotional or behavioral
disorders
八、參考書目 ◎林美珍,黃世琤,柯華葳著。(2007)。人類發展。心理出版社。
張欣戊,林淑玲,李明芝譯。(2010)。發展心理學(上冊)(下冊)。學富出版社。[Shaffer, D.,
& Kipp, K. (2010). Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence, 8e.
Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.]
Cole, M., Cole, S. R., & Lightfoot, C. (2005). The Development of Children (5th
Edition). Worth
Publishers.
游恆山譯。 (2001)。發展心理學。心理出版社。
陳萍,王茜譯。(2005)。發展心理學導論。心理出版社。
九、成績 評量 期中報告 30% 期末考 30% 出席率 20% 心得撰寫 20%
十、備 註 (1) 開學後授課教師發給發展心理學書單,請修課學生每人選定一本,於期中考週口頭報
告,每人15分鐘,並於報告結束當週繳交書面報告(含電腦ppt檔案)。
(2) 修課學生在準備報告時有任何問題,可在任課教師Office Hour前來。
(3) 受限於修課次數,期中報告未準備之修課學生將沒有期中成績。