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21-English-Literary-Terms for english literature
- 1. English Literary Terms Grade 9- English 3
- 2. Poetic Diction A manner of speaking or expression that is used mainly in poetry and not in casual conversation. It refers to elevated language or poetry language. ≒In the icy silence of the tomb
- 3. Poetic License The privilege of a writer to take liberties with grammatical rules and structure for desired poetic effect. Departing from rules, facts, and structure.
- 4. Kenning Two words are combined in order to form an expression that refers to a person or a thing. Commonly found in Old English. Bookworm, couch potato, four-eyes
- 5. Pathos It is the manner in which a play or storys action causes the audience to feel pity for a character. It is when you feel sympathy for a character. In drama, it occurs mainly in tragedy.
- 6. Melodrama A drama of any type that relies on stereotyped characters whom the audience recognizes. Damsel in Distress, Evil Witch, Prince Charming Exaggeration of emotions, behaviors, and events is often evident in a melodrama.
- 7. Verbal Irony When a character says one thing but actually means the opposite. Sarcasm often falls into this type of irony.
- 8. Structural Irony This occurs when a na誰ve protagonist holds a view or outlook that differs from the one the author holds. The reader will usually feel intellectually superior to the protagonist, and empathy for the hero often suffers. The character relates tales and judgments of people that the readers and the author clearly do not agree with.
- 9. Dramatic Irony Also called Tragic Irony. This occurs when what a character says or believes contradicts with what the audience knows to be true. In these circumstances, a characters words and actions have one meaning for the character and an entirely different meaning for the audience.
- 10. Cosmic Irony A literary device that contrasts what a character attempts to become and what actually happens, due to forces of the universe. For instance, a soldier expecting victory but a second assault by the enemies happens.
- 11. In Medias Res A Latin expression that means that the story actually starts in the middle of the action. The story begins in the middle or at the heart of an action.
- 12. Epiphany In literature, a sudden revelation that illuminates meaning or understandingan aha moment. A moment of realization.
- 13. Stream of Consciousness A style of writing in which the author uses interior monologue to show how the mind works. The unbroken flow of a characters thoughts and perceptions are revealed either directly or indirectly through discourse.
- 14. Caricature A representation of a character in which, in literature, his or her characteristics are exaggerated to produce a comic effect. A picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.
- 15. Caricature A representation of a character in which, in literature, his or her characteristics are exaggerated to produce a comic effect. A picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.
- 16. Invective Harsh or abusive language. You are a little vermin. When you walk upon the earth, the earth feels like a filthy worm is crawling on it.
- 17. Gallows Humor Also called Black Humor. Grotesque or morbid humor which is used to express the absurdity, cruelty, and insensitivity of the modern world. Ordinary characters or situations are exaggerated far beyond the limits of normal satire or irony.
- 18. Gallows Humor Also called Black Humor. Grotesque or morbid humor which is used to express the absurdity, cruelty, and insensitivity of the modern world. Ordinary characters or situations are exaggerated far beyond the limits of normal satire or irony.
- 19. Colloquialism An expression that people may use in casual conversations but which is too informal or full of slang for proper English. Lowkey
- 20. Archaism The use of an older or obsolete word or phrase that is no longer recognized or popular in the culture. Example: You bring me, tomorrow early them vittles (food). From Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.
- 21. Foil a character who provides a striking contrast to another character. Two friends. One is a blue-eyed prince who loves fighting, while the other is a green-eyed slave who loves peace and merry-making.
- 22. Cacophony Harsh, clashing, or unmusical sounds, often produced by combinations of words that require a clipped, explosive delivery, or words that contain a number of consonants such as b, d, g, k, p, and t.
- 23. Cacophony Theres a stake in your fat black heart And the villagers never liked you. They are dancing and stamping on you. They always knew it was you. Daddy, daddy, you bastard, Im through.
- 24. Euphony A succession of sweetly melodious sounds; the opposite of CACOPHONY. The term is applied to smoothly flowing POETRY or PROSE. Silken sad uncertain, rustling of each curtain (Edgar A. Poe)
- 25. Caesura A break or pause in a line of poetry, dictated by the natural rhythm of the language and/or enforced by punctuation. A line may have more than one caesura, or none at all. ≒How do I love thee? || Let me count the ways
- 26. Caesura A break or pause in a line of poetry, dictated by the natural rhythm of the language and/or enforced by punctuation. A line may have more than one caesura, or none at all.
- 27. Amplification It involves extending a sentence or phrase in order to further explain, emphasize, or exaggerate certain points of a definition, description, or argument. The dog noticed a squirrel and pursued it. The dog perked its ears toward a taunting squirrel in the tree, then sprang from its stoop, lunging and barking and snapping but ultimately losing due to a lack of speed and an abundance of gravity.
- 28. Apologia An apologia is a defense of ones conduct or opinions. Its related to our concept of apology, but in many cases its the precise opposite of an apology! When you apologize, youre saying I did the wrong thing, and I regret it. But in an apologia, youre defending yourself, either by saying that what you did wasnt wrong or denying that you were responsible for what happened.
- 29. Deus ex Machina Deus ex machina is Latin for a god from the machine. Its when some new character, force, or event suddenly shows up to solve a seemingly hopeless situation. The effect is usually much too abrupt, and its often disappointing for audiences.
- 30. Post Discussion Activity Choose from the following five (5) directions. Write your answers on a whole sheet of paper. Try to remember books, novels, or short stories where Deus ex machina made an appearance. Describe the situation. Write down the title of the piece of literature. Give three instances of Apologia. Remember 3 pairs of characters in your favorite anime, movie, series (Korean, American, Japanese, Local) which are examples of foil characters. Make a list of 10 colloquial words with their meaning. Make 5 sentences which are examples of invectives. Give 3 examples or situations that show Black Humor. Remember a favorite movie, book, or show that shows a moment of Epiphany. Give 3 examples of such situations. Include the title of the pieces. Give one example for each of the four ironies. It can be a situation, event, dialogue etc.