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- 1. Arts of the Neo-classic and Romantic Periods
- 2. Neoclassicism and Romanticism were the movements after the Rococo period that flourished across Western Europe and the United States which spanned approximately from the late eighteenth to the nineteenth centuries.
- 3. Neoclassi cism, 1780- 1840 The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning new and the Latin word classicus which is similar in meaning to the English phrase first class. The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicism. It also applies to literature, theater, music, and architecture that were influenced by the Classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Reason also known as the Age of Enlightenment. The art style in this period was brought about by the renewed interest in Greek and Roman classics. Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture, and architecture generally portrayed Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes.
- 4. Characteristics: portrayal of Roman history formal composition the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment (versus a regular moment) local color overall lighting classic geo-structure
- 5. Neoclassicism: Classicism: This is the renewed interest in classical ideals and forms that influenced European and American society through idea, politics, and fine arts during the 18th and 19th century. It also refers to the art forms created after but inspired by the ancient times. This period was derived from the Classicism movement. This is the period in which Greek and Roman principles and styles were reflected in society.
- 6. Be careful not to interchange the two terms. Classicism refers to the art forms produced in antiquity or inspired by it afterward, while Neoclassicism refers to the art forms inspired by ancient times, but created later.
- 7. NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic portrayals. Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the costumes, settings, and details of classical subject-matter without adding distracting details but with as much historical accuracy as possible.
- 8. Neo-classical artists There are a number of neo-classical artists from Europe and the United States. Below are some of them: Jacques-Louis David (1748- 1825)France Jacques-Louis David was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, and considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era. His subjects of paintings were more on history.
- 9. Famous Artworks: The Death of Marat (J. David) image from Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium Davids masterpiece shows the portrayal of a revolutionary martyr. This is a painting of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat. Napoleon Crossing the Alps (J. David) image from Mus辿e national du ch但teau de Malmaison The painting that showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800. Oath of the Horatii (J. David) image from toledo museum of art It was a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend about the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. The three brothers, all of whom appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the good of Rome, are shown saluting their father who holds their swords out for them.
- 11. Famous Artworks: Portrait of Napol辿on on the Imperial Throne (J. Ingres) image from Mus辿e de lArm辿e, Paris, France The painting depicts Napoleon in his decadent coronation costume, seated upon his golden-encrusted throne, hand resting upon smooth ivory balls. During his reign, the painting was owned by the Corps Legislatif which was a part of the French Legislature. The painting was believed to be commissioned by Napoleon as King of Italy. The Apotheosis of Homer (J. Ingres) image from louvre museum The painting was a state-commission by Charles X to have him remembered in the building works of the Louvre. The painting depicts an image of Homer, receiving all the brilliant men of Rome, Greece, and contemporary times.
- 12. NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration as well as to mimic their style. Neo-classical Sculptors 1. Antonio Canova (1757-1822) Italy Canova was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. He opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his mythological compositions.
- 13. Famous artworks: Psyche Awakened by Cupids Kiss (A. Canova) photo taken by Eric Pouhier 2007 A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of Psyche and Cupid. Washington (A. Canova) Photo taken by RadioFan 2011 This is a marble sculpture of Washington currently displayed at North Carolina Museum of History.
- 15. Famous Artworks: Christ (B. thorvaldsen) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thorvaldsen_Christus.jpg photo taken by IbRasmussen A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ currently located at the Thorvaldsen Museum. Lion of Lucerne (B. thorvaldsen) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Lion_Monument_in_Luzern_2 3.12.2006.jpeg photo taken by Ygrek 2006 A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution.
- 16. Neoclassical Architecture Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18th century. It turned away from the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late Baroque. In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
- 17. Types of Neoclassical Architecture: TEMPLE STYLE Temple style building design was based on an ancient temple. These buildings were uncommon during the Renaissance as architects of that period focused mainly on applying classical elements to churches and modern buildings like palazzos and villas. Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line of columns around a building), a rare feature of Renaissance architecture.
- 18. Most famous Temple Style buildings of the Neoclassical age:
- 19. PALLADIAN STYLE Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladios style of villa construction. Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is a railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. There are vertical supports within a balustrade known as balusters or spindles. It is also a classical method of crowning a building that has a flat or low lying roof. One of the famous architects in the era was: Robert Adam (1728-1792) Britain He was known as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed two well-known American civic buildings The White House and the United States Capitol. He had also designed many country houses.
- 20. CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior features a repeated classical pattern or series of arches and/or columns. The overall impression of such a building was a huge, classically decorated rectangular block. Classical block aesthetic was also known as Beaux-Arts style, since it was developed principally by the French cole des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts). Classical block architecture also flourished in the United States, particularly in New York.
- 21. Famous Architects of this architectural style were: A. Henri Labrouste His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte-Genevi竪ve. B. Charles Garnier He designed the most famous classical block of all which is the Palais Garnier (a Neobaroque opera house).