The document contains a sequential list of numbers from 1 to 66. It appears to be a simple enumeration without any additional context. There are no further details provided regarding the significance or purpose of the numbers.
The document consists of a numerical sequence from 1 to 32. It does not provide narrative content or thematic information. The focus appears to be purely on listing numerical values.
The document lists various concepts and principles related to electromagnetics, circuits, and electrical components from multiple textbooks. It includes topics such as amplifiers, capacitance, impedance, and electromagnetic fundamentals, with references to various authors and editions. The extensive compilation highlights key electrical engineering topics and their respective sources.
The document contains two sections about two individuals, Robert C Wrede and Prasun Kumar Nayak. Robert C Wrede's section is brief and ends after line 8. The section about Prasun Kumar Nayak spans lines 9 through 37 and details a 373 page document he authored that ends on line 36. Both sections conclude with "The End".
This document appears to be a list of names, numbers, and short phrases. It includes the names John Tailor, Akhlaq Hussain, Dieter Strach, Wolfgang Notling, Vladimir Pletser, Fowler, and NIVALDO. Various page numbers are mentioned such as 291/413, 385 Daqaq, 371, 655 Pages, and 8888. Short phrases also appear including "Degree of Freedom", "Generalized Momenta", and "Hamiltonian". The document does not provide much context or narrative to summarize.
1. The document presents the solution to two mechanics problems (Problems 18 and 19) involving calculating displacement (d) and work (W) given position vectors.
2. For Problem 18, d is calculated as 2 units and W is calculated as 26 Nm.
3. For Problem 19, d is calculated as -1 units and W is calculated as 45 Nm.
The document summarizes the photon energies of visible light and FM radio frequencies.
(1) The range of photon energies in visible light is from 1.6533 eV to 3.2631 eV.
(2) The energy of a photon from a typical 100 MHz FM radio station broadcast is 4.13610-15 eV.
The document calculates the temperature of a blackbody with a peak spectrum of 700 nm. It uses Wien's displacement law, which relates the peak wavelength to the blackbody temperature. It shows the calculations for peak wavelengths in the visible light region at 700 nm, the microwave region at 3 cm, and the FM radio wave region at 3 m. In each case, it applies Wien's law and solves for the temperature in Kelvin. The temperatures calculated are 29,000 K for 700 nm visible light, 3,000 K for 3 cm microwaves, and 30,000 K for 3 m FM radio waves.
The document describes calculating the ratio of the magnetic force to the gravitational force on a proton moving vertically at the Earth's equator. It gives the proton's speed, the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field, the proton's mass, and the gravitational acceleration. It then shows the calculations of the magnetic force using the magnetic field and speed, and the gravitational force using mass and gravitational acceleration. The ratio of magnetic to gravitational force is calculated to be approximately 16.
A beam of particles including protons, electrons, deuterons, and helium atoms all with a speed of 2.5 x 10^8 m/s passes through a magnetic field of 0.40 T perpendicular to their velocity. The radius of curvature of the path is calculated for each particle type using the formula that relates magnetic field, particle mass, charge, and velocity. The radius is found to be 6.52 x 10^-2 m for protons, 3.559 x 10^-1 m for electrons, 1.305 x 10^-1 m for deuterons, and 2.594 x 10^-1 m for helium atoms.
This document provides the solution to a math problem involving vectors. It shows that the vectors (1,3,3), (1,6,6), and (1,-6,-6) are parallel to each other and equal to zero when their dot products are calculated. This means the vectors are linearly dependent and span a line through the origin in three-dimensional space rather than filling out the full three-dimensional space.
The spacecraft orbits Earth with a speed of 10,160 m/s at a perigee of 6,680 km. Using the law of conservation of angular momentum, the speed of the spacecraft at its apogee of 42,200 km can be calculated. Substituting the given values into the angular momentum equation and solving for the apogee speed gives a value of 1,608.26 m/s.
Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 350 nm was shone on a potassium surface, ejecting photoelectrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 1.6 eV. Using the formula that relates photon energy, work function, and kinetic energy, along with the given values, the work function of potassium was calculated to be 1.94 eV.
The document discusses using photoelectric emission data from aluminum to calculate Planck's constant and the work function of aluminum. It provides the maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons emitted from aluminum when irradiated with 200nm and 258nm wavelength light. It then shows the calculations using Einstein's photoelectric equation to solve for Planck's constant and the work function. Planck's constant is calculated to be 6.626x10-34 Js and the work function of aluminum is calculated to be 3.9 eV.
The document discusses determining if a given force field is conservative. It provides two examples of force fields and shows that for a force field to be conservative, the curl of the force must be equal to zero at all points. Additionally, a conservative force field can be written as the gradient of a scalar potential function. For the two example force fields provided, the document calculates the curls and determines that they are equal to zero, showing that the forces are conservative and can be written as gradients of potential functions.
The document discusses conservative and non-conservative force fields. It states that a force field is conservative if its curl is zero everywhere, meaning the gradient of a scalar potential field can represent it. Option (a) represents a conservative field, while option (b) is not conservative because its curl is non-zero. Option (c) also represents a conservative field because its curl is equal to zero.
A bright star has an effective surface temperature of 20,000 K. Using Wien's law, the wavelength with maximum emission is 145 nm. This places it in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, specifically in the far ultraviolet range between 100-200 nm.
1. The document finds the wavelength of blackbody radiation at temperatures of 3 K, 300 K, and 3000 K using Wien's displacement law.
2. At 3 K the wavelength is calculated to be 966 micrometers.
3. At 300 K the wavelength is calculated to be 9.66 millimeters.
4. At 3000 K the wavelength is calculated to be 966 nanometers.
This document provides the solution to a matrix problem. It involves a 3x3 matrix with entries (1,1,1), (2,3,4), (3,0,1). Several steps of algebraic manipulations are shown to solve for the values of i, j, k, and expressions for X in terms of i, j, k. The final values obtained are i=1, j=3, k=10.
The document provides solutions to 5 problems that calculate the area of triangles defined by 3D coordinate points. Each problem lists the 3 points that define the triangle, calculates the vectors between the points, finds the cross product of 2 vectors to obtain the area, and states the final area value.
A muonic atom consists of a muon in place of an electron orbiting the nucleus. For a muon in a hydrogen atom:
(a) The smallest radius of the muon orbit is 151.46 femtometers.
(b) The binding energy of the muon is 2518 electronvolts.
The reduced mass and Bohr model were used to calculate the radius and binding energy from the muon and proton masses.
The document discusses exciting a hydrogen atom from the n=2 state to a higher state using a 397 nm laser. It shows the calculations of the energy differences between states. The highest state the hydrogen atom can be excited to is n=7, as the energy of the 397 nm photon is enough to overcome the difference between the n=2 and n=7 states but not the n=7 and n=8 states.
(1) The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of deuterium is 13.6 eV.
(2) The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of He+ is 54.4 eV.
(3) The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of Be+++ is 217.6 eV.
The initial state of the hydrogen atom was n=1 and the final state was n=5. This is because the photon emitted had a wavelength of 95 nm, which corresponds to an energy difference of 0.55 eV between the initial and final states of the hydrogen atom. The only transition that satisfies this is from the first to the fifth energy level.
How to Add New Item in CogMenu in Odoo 18Celine George
油
In Odoo 18, CogMenu (or Configuration Menu) is a feature typically found in various modules that allows users to configure settings related to that specific module. It has a cogwheel like icon usually located on the top left side of the screen. By default, the features for Importing and Exporting will be available inside the menu.
Pests of Maize: An comprehensive overview.pptxArshad Shaikh
油
Maize is susceptible to various pests that can significantly impact yields. Key pests include the fall armyworm, stem borers, cob earworms, shoot fly. These pests can cause extensive damage, from leaf feeding and stalk tunneling to grain destruction. Effective management strategies, such as integrated pest management (IPM), resistant varieties, biological control, and judicious use of chemicals, are essential to mitigate losses and ensure sustainable maize production.
The document calculates the temperature of a blackbody with a peak spectrum of 700 nm. It uses Wien's displacement law, which relates the peak wavelength to the blackbody temperature. It shows the calculations for peak wavelengths in the visible light region at 700 nm, the microwave region at 3 cm, and the FM radio wave region at 3 m. In each case, it applies Wien's law and solves for the temperature in Kelvin. The temperatures calculated are 29,000 K for 700 nm visible light, 3,000 K for 3 cm microwaves, and 30,000 K for 3 m FM radio waves.
The document describes calculating the ratio of the magnetic force to the gravitational force on a proton moving vertically at the Earth's equator. It gives the proton's speed, the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field, the proton's mass, and the gravitational acceleration. It then shows the calculations of the magnetic force using the magnetic field and speed, and the gravitational force using mass and gravitational acceleration. The ratio of magnetic to gravitational force is calculated to be approximately 16.
A beam of particles including protons, electrons, deuterons, and helium atoms all with a speed of 2.5 x 10^8 m/s passes through a magnetic field of 0.40 T perpendicular to their velocity. The radius of curvature of the path is calculated for each particle type using the formula that relates magnetic field, particle mass, charge, and velocity. The radius is found to be 6.52 x 10^-2 m for protons, 3.559 x 10^-1 m for electrons, 1.305 x 10^-1 m for deuterons, and 2.594 x 10^-1 m for helium atoms.
This document provides the solution to a math problem involving vectors. It shows that the vectors (1,3,3), (1,6,6), and (1,-6,-6) are parallel to each other and equal to zero when their dot products are calculated. This means the vectors are linearly dependent and span a line through the origin in three-dimensional space rather than filling out the full three-dimensional space.
The spacecraft orbits Earth with a speed of 10,160 m/s at a perigee of 6,680 km. Using the law of conservation of angular momentum, the speed of the spacecraft at its apogee of 42,200 km can be calculated. Substituting the given values into the angular momentum equation and solving for the apogee speed gives a value of 1,608.26 m/s.
Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 350 nm was shone on a potassium surface, ejecting photoelectrons with a maximum kinetic energy of 1.6 eV. Using the formula that relates photon energy, work function, and kinetic energy, along with the given values, the work function of potassium was calculated to be 1.94 eV.
The document discusses using photoelectric emission data from aluminum to calculate Planck's constant and the work function of aluminum. It provides the maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons emitted from aluminum when irradiated with 200nm and 258nm wavelength light. It then shows the calculations using Einstein's photoelectric equation to solve for Planck's constant and the work function. Planck's constant is calculated to be 6.626x10-34 Js and the work function of aluminum is calculated to be 3.9 eV.
The document discusses determining if a given force field is conservative. It provides two examples of force fields and shows that for a force field to be conservative, the curl of the force must be equal to zero at all points. Additionally, a conservative force field can be written as the gradient of a scalar potential function. For the two example force fields provided, the document calculates the curls and determines that they are equal to zero, showing that the forces are conservative and can be written as gradients of potential functions.
The document discusses conservative and non-conservative force fields. It states that a force field is conservative if its curl is zero everywhere, meaning the gradient of a scalar potential field can represent it. Option (a) represents a conservative field, while option (b) is not conservative because its curl is non-zero. Option (c) also represents a conservative field because its curl is equal to zero.
A bright star has an effective surface temperature of 20,000 K. Using Wien's law, the wavelength with maximum emission is 145 nm. This places it in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, specifically in the far ultraviolet range between 100-200 nm.
1. The document finds the wavelength of blackbody radiation at temperatures of 3 K, 300 K, and 3000 K using Wien's displacement law.
2. At 3 K the wavelength is calculated to be 966 micrometers.
3. At 300 K the wavelength is calculated to be 9.66 millimeters.
4. At 3000 K the wavelength is calculated to be 966 nanometers.
This document provides the solution to a matrix problem. It involves a 3x3 matrix with entries (1,1,1), (2,3,4), (3,0,1). Several steps of algebraic manipulations are shown to solve for the values of i, j, k, and expressions for X in terms of i, j, k. The final values obtained are i=1, j=3, k=10.
The document provides solutions to 5 problems that calculate the area of triangles defined by 3D coordinate points. Each problem lists the 3 points that define the triangle, calculates the vectors between the points, finds the cross product of 2 vectors to obtain the area, and states the final area value.
A muonic atom consists of a muon in place of an electron orbiting the nucleus. For a muon in a hydrogen atom:
(a) The smallest radius of the muon orbit is 151.46 femtometers.
(b) The binding energy of the muon is 2518 electronvolts.
The reduced mass and Bohr model were used to calculate the radius and binding energy from the muon and proton masses.
The document discusses exciting a hydrogen atom from the n=2 state to a higher state using a 397 nm laser. It shows the calculations of the energy differences between states. The highest state the hydrogen atom can be excited to is n=7, as the energy of the 397 nm photon is enough to overcome the difference between the n=2 and n=7 states but not the n=7 and n=8 states.
(1) The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of deuterium is 13.6 eV.
(2) The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of He+ is 54.4 eV.
(3) The binding energy of an electron in the ground state of Be+++ is 217.6 eV.
The initial state of the hydrogen atom was n=1 and the final state was n=5. This is because the photon emitted had a wavelength of 95 nm, which corresponds to an energy difference of 0.55 eV between the initial and final states of the hydrogen atom. The only transition that satisfies this is from the first to the fifth energy level.
How to Add New Item in CogMenu in Odoo 18Celine George
油
In Odoo 18, CogMenu (or Configuration Menu) is a feature typically found in various modules that allows users to configure settings related to that specific module. It has a cogwheel like icon usually located on the top left side of the screen. By default, the features for Importing and Exporting will be available inside the menu.
Pests of Maize: An comprehensive overview.pptxArshad Shaikh
油
Maize is susceptible to various pests that can significantly impact yields. Key pests include the fall armyworm, stem borers, cob earworms, shoot fly. These pests can cause extensive damage, from leaf feeding and stalk tunneling to grain destruction. Effective management strategies, such as integrated pest management (IPM), resistant varieties, biological control, and judicious use of chemicals, are essential to mitigate losses and ensure sustainable maize production.
LAZY SUNDAY QUIZ "A GENERAL QUIZ" JUNE 2025 SMC QUIZ CLUB, SILCHAR MEDICAL CO...Ultimatewinner0342
油
Lazy Sunday Quiz | General Knowledge Trivia by SMC Quiz Club Silchar Medical College
Presenting the Lazy Sunday Quiz, a fun and thought-provoking general knowledge quiz created by the SMC Quiz Club of Silchar Medical College & Hospital (SMCH). This quiz is designed for casual learners, quiz enthusiasts, and competitive teams looking for a diverse, engaging set of questions with clean visuals and smart clues.
ッ What is the Lazy Sunday Quiz?
The Lazy Sunday Quiz is a light-hearted yet intellectually rewarding quiz session held under the SMC Quiz Club banner. Its a general quiz covering a mix of current affairs, pop culture, history, India, sports, medicine, science, and more.
Whether youre hosting a quiz event, preparing a session for students, or just looking for quality trivia to enjoy with friends, this PowerPoint deck is perfect for you.
Quiz Format & Structure
Total Questions: ~50
Types: MCQs, one-liners, image-based, visual connects, lateral thinking
Rounds: Warm-up, Main Quiz, Visual Round, Connects (optional bonus)
Design: Simple, clear slides with answer explanations included
Tools Needed: Just a projector or screen ready to use!
Who Is It For?
College quiz clubs
School or medical students
Teachers or faculty for classroom engagement
Event organizers needing quiz content
Quizzers preparing for competitions
Freelancers building quiz portfolios
Why Use This Quiz?
Ready-made, high-quality content
Curated with lateral thinking and storytelling in mind
Covers both academic and pop culture topics
Designed by a quizzer with real event experience
Usable in inter-college fests, informal quizzes, or Sunday brain workouts
About the Creators
This quiz has been created by Rana Mayank Pratap, an MBBS student and quizmaster at SMC Quiz Club, Silchar Medical College. The club aims to promote a culture of curiosity and smart thinking through weekly and monthly quiz events.
SEO Tags:
quiz, general knowledge quiz, trivia quiz, 際際滷Share quiz, college quiz, fun quiz, medical college quiz, India quiz, pop culture quiz, visual quiz, MCQ quiz, connect quiz, science quiz, current affairs quiz, SMC Quiz Club, Silchar Medical College
Reuse & Credit
Youre free to use or adapt this quiz for your own events or sessions with credit to:
SMC Quiz Club Silchar Medical College & Hospital
Curated by: Rana Mayank Pratap
A Visual Introduction to the Prophet JeremiahSteve Thomason
油
These images will give you a visual guide to both the context and the flow of the story of the prophet Jeremiah. Feel free to use these in your study, preaching, and teaching.
SCHIZOPHRENIA OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDER LIKE Persistent delusion/Capgras syndr...parmarjuli1412
油
SCHIZOPHRENIA INCLUDED TOPIC IS INTRODUCTION, DEFINITION OF GENERAL TERM IN PSYCHIATRIC, THEN DIFINITION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, EPIDERMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS, CLINICAL FEATURE(SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA), CLINICAL TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, DIAGNOSIS, INVESTIGATION, TREATMENT MODALITIES(PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT, PSYCHOTHERAPY, ECT, PSYCHO-SOCIO-REHABILITATION), NURSING MANAGEMENT(ASSESSMENT,DIAGNOSIS,NURSING INTERVENTION,AND EVALUATION), OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDER LIKE Persistent delusion/Capgras syndrome(The Delusion of Doubles)/Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders/Induced Delusional Disorders/Schizoaffective Disorder /CAPGRAS SYNDROME(DELUSION OF DOUBLE), GERIATRIC CONSIDERATION, FOLLOW UP, HOMECARE AND REHABILITATION OF THE PATIENT,
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC OF THE BLACK CAT BY EDGAR ALLAN POE (1).pdfnabilahk908
油
Psychoanalytic Analysis of The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe explores the deep psychological dimensions of the narrators disturbed mind through the lens of Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory. According to Freud (1923), the human psyche is structured into three components: the Id, which contains primitive and unconscious desires; the Ego, which operates on the reality principle and mediates between the Id and the external world; and the Superego, which reflects internalized moral standards.
In this story, Poe presents a narrator who experiences a psychological breakdown triggered by repressed guilt, aggression, and internal conflict. This analysis focuses not only on the gothic horror elements of the narrative but also on the narrators mental instability and emotional repression, demonstrating how the imbalance of these three psychic forces contributes to his downfall.
HistoPathology Ppt. Arshita Gupta for Diplomaarshitagupta674
油
Hello everyone please suggest your views and likes so that I uploaded more study materials
In this slide full HistoPathology according to diploma course available like fixation
Tissue processing , staining etc
This includes the overall cultivation practices of Rose prepared by:
Kushal Lamichhane (AKL)
Instructor
Shree Gandhi Adarsha Secondary School
Kageshowri Manohara-09, Kathmandu, Nepal
ECONOMICS, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, ROAD SAFETY - STUDY MATERIAL [10TH]SHERAZ AHMAD LONE
油
This study material for Class 10th covers the core subjects of Economics, Disaster Management, and Road Safety Education, developed strictly in line with the JKBOSE textbook. It presents the content in a simplified, structured, and student-friendly format, ensuring clarity in concepts. The material includes reframed explanations, flowcharts, infographics, and key point summaries to support better understanding and retention. Designed for classroom teaching and exam preparation, it aims to enhance comprehension, critical thinking, and practical awareness among students.
Tanja Vujicic - PISA for Schools contact InfoEduSkills OECD
油
Tanja Vujicic, Senior Analyst and PISA for Schools Project Manager at the OECD spoke at the OECD webinar 'Turning insights into impact: What do early case studies reveal about the power of PISA for Schools?' on 20 June 2025
PISA for Schools is an OECD assessment that evaluates 15-year-old performance on reading, mathematics, and science. It also gathers insights into students learning environment, engagement and well-being, offering schools valuable data that help them benchmark performance internationally and improve education outcomes. A central ambition, and ongoing challenge, has been translating these insights into meaningful actions that drives lasting school improvement.
Public Health For The 21st Century 1st Edition Judy Orme Jane Powelltrjnesjnqg7801
油
Public Health For The 21st Century 1st Edition Judy Orme Jane Powell
Public Health For The 21st Century 1st Edition Judy Orme Jane Powell
Public Health For The 21st Century 1st Edition Judy Orme Jane Powell
How to Manage Different Customer Addresses in Odoo 18 AccountingCeline George
油
A business often have customers with multiple locations such as office, warehouse, home addresses and this feature allows us to associate with different addresses with each customer streamlining the process of creating sales order invoices and delivery orders.
INDUCTIVE EFFECT slide for first prof pharamacy studentsSHABNAM FAIZ
油
The inductive effect is the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating effect transmitted through sigma () bonds in a molecule due to differences in electronegativity between atoms.
---
Definition:
The inductive effect is the permanent shifting of electrons in a sigma bond caused by the electronegativity difference of atoms, resulting in partial charges within the molecule.
Romanticism in Love and Sacrifice An Analysis of Oscar Wildes The Nightingal...KaryanaTantri21
油
The story revolves around a college student who despairs not having a red rose as a condition for dancing with the girl he loves. The nightingale hears his complaint and offers to create the red rose at the cost of his life. He sang a love song all night with his chest stuck to the thorns of the rose tree. Finally, the red rose grew, but his sacrifice was in vain. The girl rejected the flower because it didnt match her outfit and preferred a jewellery gift. The student threw the flower on the street and returned to studying philosophy
BLUF:
The Texas outbreak has slowed down, but sporadic cases continue to emerge in Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.
Elsewhere in the US, we continue to see signs of acceleration due to outbreaks outside the Southwest (North Dakota, Montana, and Colorado) and travel-related cases. Measles exposures due to travel are expected to pose a significant challenge throughout the summer.
The U.S. is on track to exceed its 30-year high for measles cases (1,274) within the next two weeks.
Here is the latest update:
CURRENT CASE COUNT: 919
Texas: 744 (+2) (55% of cases are in Gaines County).
New Mexico: 81 (83% of cases are from Lea County).
Oklahoma: 20 (+2)
Kansas: 74 (+5) (38.89% of the cases are from Gray County).
HOSPITALIZATIONS: 104
Texas: 96 (+2) This accounts for 13% of all cases in Texas.
New Mexico: 7 This accounts for 9.47% of all cases in New Mexico.
Kansas: 3 This accounts for 5.08% of all cases in the state of Kansas.
DEATHS: 3
Texas: 2 This is 0.27% of all cases in Texas.
New Mexico: 1 This is 1.23% of all cases in New Mexico.
US NATIONAL CASE COUNT: 1,197
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD
Mexico: 2337 (+257), 5 fatalities
Chihuahua, Mexico: 2,179 (+239) cases, 4 fatalities, 7 currently hospitalized.
Canada: 3,207 (+208), 1 fatality
Ontario Outbreak, Canada: 2,115 (+74) cases, 158 hospitalizations, 1 fatality.
Alberta, Canada: 879(+118) cases, 5 currently hospitalized.
1. 1
An electron is
trapped in a one-
dimensional region of
width 0.050 nm. Find
the three smallest
possible values
allowed for the
energy of the
electron.
Helping Tools
No.1
No.2
3. 3
2 2
2
2 2 2
1 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
6 2
2 2
2
We know that smallest
energy requires 1 in
equation
8
8 8
( )
8( )
(1240 . )
8 (0.511X10 eV) X(0.050 nm)
1537600( ) (nm)
150.45
10220 ( )
n
n
n h
E
mL
h h c
E X
mL mL c
hc
mc L
eV nm
X
eV
eV
eV nm
=
=
= =
=
=
= =
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
6 2
2 2
2
4
8 2
( )
2( )
(1240 . )
2 (0.511X10 eV) X(0.050 nm)
1537600( ) (nm)
601.8
2555 ( )
h h c
E X
mL mL c
hc
mc L
eV nm
X
eV
eV
eV nm
= =
=
=
= =
4. 4
2 2 2
3 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
6 2
2 2
2
9 9
8 8
9( )
8( )
9(1240 . )
8 (0.511X10 eV)X(0.050nm)
13838400( ) (nm)
1354.05
10220 ( )
h h c
E X
mL mL c
hc
mc L
eV nm
X
eV
eV
eV nm
= =
=
=
= =